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Review of Mobile BroadbandWireless Access (MBWA)technologies

(IEEE 802.16e and IEEE 802.20)

By

Thikriat Al mosawi

November 2004

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OUTLINE

Introduction: what is the Broadband Wireless Access

(BWA)

Benefits of BWA

Two technologies

IEEE 802.16

IEEE 802.20

An overview and

Technical issues

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Introduction

What is a BWA?

High speed connection

Uses radio waves

Point to multipoint system

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Benefits of BWA

High speed data, voice and video services

Faster time to market and lower total cost of

ownership

Last-mile connection

Flexible

reliability

Competitive environment

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Two technologies

IEEE 802.16 and IEEE 802.20

IEEE 802.16 an overview

IEEE 802.16 MAN Standard

will be able to connect 802.11 hotspots to the internet.

provides up to 31 miles of service area range.

has developed a point-to-multipoint broadband

wireless access standard for systems in the frequencyranges 10-66 GHz and sub 11 GHz.

the standard covers both MAC and the PHY layers.

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WiMAX

Technology

Worldwide Interoperability of Microwave Access (WiMAX)

It will provide fixed, nomadic, portable and, eventually,mobile wireless broadband connectivity.

connectivity at rates of up to 75 Mb/sec WiMAX 10-66 GHz technical working group

- two MAC system profile

- two primary PHY system profile

WiMAX 2-11 GHz technical working group

- defining MAC and PHY system profile for

IEEE 802.16e and HiperMAN standards.

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IEEE 802.16 Technology

design issues

It was designed to develop an air interface based

on a common MAC protocol.

Designed a flexible MAC layer and

accompanying physical layer (PHY) for

10-66 GHz.

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Physical Layer

The 10-66 GHz PHY assumesline-of-sight propagation

It contains several forms ofmodulations and multiplexingto support different frequencyranges and applications

Data rates determined by exactmodulation and encodingschemes.

Channel

Size

(MHz)

Bit Rate

(Mbps)

QPSK

Bit Rate

(Mbps)

16-QAM

Bit Rate

(Mbps)

64-QAM

20 32 64 96

25 40 80 120

28 44.8 89.6 134.4

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IEEE 802.16 Reference Model

and Protocol Stack

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IEEE 802.16e

MBWA

technology related issues

IEEE802.16e Mobility Enhancements

-MAC and PHY enhancements

-Power consumption reduction-Hand-Off

Mobility Management-Control by L2.5 Routing

MAC and PHY enhancements

- The proposal addresses the need for fast

correction , frequency and timing.-The proposed PHY layer is based on

OFDM/OFDMA

- The configuration offers simplicity forboth fixed and mobile implementations

Power Consumption Reduction

-Battery power for the Mobile Terminal

-Introduce two modes for the SS:Awake-mode andSleep-Mode

Awake-mode: is when SS is receiving andtransmitting PDUs in a normal fashion

Sleep-Mode: is whenthe SS may power down. Ithas two parameters: Sleep-interval andListening-interval

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Example of the Sleep Mode

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Example of the Sleep Mode

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IEEE802.16e Mobility

Enhancements

Handoff

Optimize L2 handoff

Provide trigger to L3 Allow mobile SSs to move efficiently between

BSs

Smooth BSs transitions with minimal loss ofPDUs

Fast BSs transition to guarantee QoS

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Mobility Management

Communication link

between terminal and

the Internet must be

preserved IP address should stay the

same even a terminal

changes its location

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Mobility Management

In a multi-hop networkseveral paths exists.

a tunnel needs to be

created to allow send orreceive packets from orto known IP address ofa terminal

The tunnel must followthe movement of theterminal

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Mobility Management

The 802.16e aim is :

To find the best path between terminal and

gateway node.

The tunnel should be the best path

Also the bandwidth must be guaranteed

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Mobility Control by L2.5

Routing

Three possibilities can be

considered to set up a

tunnel either by using L1or L3 or L2.5.

The IEEE 802.16e

proposed is to use L2.5

label to set up tunnels.

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Creating tunnels

by using L1

It is not scalable

It will have complex

routing as the BS

getting bigger.

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Creating tunnels

by using L3

It is very complicated

path control depends

on IP

IP is wrapped by IP

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Creating tunnels

by using L2.5

802.16e proposal

An appropriate path will be set

up

Getting path control over

heterogeneous physical

The path control is

independent from the IP layer

Both IPv4 and IPv6 can be

used at the same time

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The vision of the

IEEE 802.20

Work

Domain

Home

Domain

SeamlessSeamless

UbiquitousUbiquitous

ExperienceExperience

Mobile

Domain

Portable Remote

Access Services

Field Service Apps

Hotel/Motel

Portable Services

Mobile Commerce

Services

Mobile Office (Voice

and Data Apps)

High BW Connectivity

Video Streaming -

Conferencing Apps

Portable

Office

Reservations-Listings

Directions ServicesVideo Streaming -

Conferencing Apps

Video Streaming -

Conferencing Apps

Mobile Broadband

Wireless Access

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IEEE 802.20 Technology Design

Issues

It specifies the PHY and MAC layers of an air interface

Its system reference architecture will be based on alayered architecture

The MAC layer may consist of common part and a PHY-

specific part if more than one PHY technology is adopted

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IEEE 802.20

MBWA

technology related issue

Seamless Handover between

802.20 MBWA/802.11/802.15

Fast handover Traffic model

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Seamless Handover between

802.20 MBWA/802.11/802.15

They propose an

adaptation layer (Virtual

Interface) to interact with

the IP and Data link layer.

They provide a unique

virtual MAC address

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Fast handover

They address the

benefits of providing

layer 2 hints (triggers)

to the network layer Fast handovers

anticipate movement

with the help of link

layer (triggers)

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Traffic model

The 802.20 Traffic Models is a subgroup of

802.20 Channel and Traffic Model Group

Traffic Models is needed because MBWA will

have multiple types of IP-based services

There will be a mix of user applications and

various different user scenarios

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Traffic model

Traffic and application details depend on user and device scenario

Laptop

PDA

Smart phone

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Traffic types

Web browsing

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

E-mail WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)

VoIP

Video telephony/ videoconference

Audio streaming

Gaming

File-sharing

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Traffic mix

Different types of devices such as laptop,

PDA and phone.

Different services from same device or user

such as web-conference (Web +audio) v.

singleservice (E-mail).

Different level of use (intense V. light)

Different demand on response time ( real-

time Vs. best-effort)

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