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8-1: PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATIONS AND CAMPAIGNS

8-1: PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATIONS AND CAMPAIGNS · PARTY NOMINATIONS Presidential Primaries Caucuses Local meetings to select delegates to vote for candidates at the convention Importance

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Page 1: 8-1: PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATIONS AND CAMPAIGNS · PARTY NOMINATIONS Presidential Primaries Caucuses Local meetings to select delegates to vote for candidates at the convention Importance

8-1: PRESIDENTIAL

NOMINATIONS AND CAMPAIGNS

Page 2: 8-1: PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATIONS AND CAMPAIGNS · PARTY NOMINATIONS Presidential Primaries Caucuses Local meetings to select delegates to vote for candidates at the convention Importance

PARTY NOMINATIONS

Presidential Primaries

History

1800s—congressional

caucus

Jackson—conventions

Gilded Age—political

machines

Progressive Era—

primaries

Today—primaries/

caucuses

Page 3: 8-1: PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATIONS AND CAMPAIGNS · PARTY NOMINATIONS Presidential Primaries Caucuses Local meetings to select delegates to vote for candidates at the convention Importance

PARTY NOMINATIONS

Presidential Primaries

Primaries

You vote for the nominee

Methods vary by state

Closed Primary

required to identify a

party beforehand

Can vote in one

primary only

Open Primary

Can select Republican

or Democratic ticket

Can lead to sabotage

Page 4: 8-1: PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATIONS AND CAMPAIGNS · PARTY NOMINATIONS Presidential Primaries Caucuses Local meetings to select delegates to vote for candidates at the convention Importance

PARTY NOMINATIONS

Presidential Primaries

Caucuses

Local meetings to select

delegates to vote for candidates

at the convention

Importance

Only 25% of citizens vote in

primaries

Party activists

Older people

Wealthier people

Candidates veer away from

moderate positions for

primaries

Return to middle for the

general election

Page 5: 8-1: PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATIONS AND CAMPAIGNS · PARTY NOMINATIONS Presidential Primaries Caucuses Local meetings to select delegates to vote for candidates at the convention Importance

PARTY NOMINATIONS

National Conventions

Party’s official candidate introduced Pre-determined due to primary system

Platform established

Counting Delegates

Winner-take-all Some states

More often Republicans

Proportional Some states

More often Democrats

Superdelegates Pledged/unpledged delegates

Not dependent on popular vote

Party leaders hold more control

Page 6: 8-1: PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATIONS AND CAMPAIGNS · PARTY NOMINATIONS Presidential Primaries Caucuses Local meetings to select delegates to vote for candidates at the convention Importance

CAMPAIGNING

Background

Spending Totals

1976: $67,000,000.00

1992: $192,000,000.00

2004: $718,000,000.00

2012: $2,200,000,000.00

Page 7: 8-1: PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATIONS AND CAMPAIGNS · PARTY NOMINATIONS Presidential Primaries Caucuses Local meetings to select delegates to vote for candidates at the convention Importance

CAMPAIGNING

Campaign Finance Reform

Federal Election Campaign Act

Created FEC in 1974

Provided public financing for

major party candidates

Placed limitations on

contributions and spending

Buckley v. Valeo, 1976

Upheld donation limits by PACs

Struck down spending limits

Candidates can spend unlimited

amounts of their own money (free

speech)

Page 8: 8-1: PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATIONS AND CAMPAIGNS · PARTY NOMINATIONS Presidential Primaries Caucuses Local meetings to select delegates to vote for candidates at the convention Importance

CAMPAIGNING

Campaign Finance Reform

Soft Money

Unregulated donations for

“party-building activities”

Would be funneled to

campaigns

Bi-Partisan Campaign

Finance Reform Act

(McCain-Feingold Act), 2002

Eliminated soft money

donations

501(c) Organization

Tax-exempt

Non political

Page 9: 8-1: PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATIONS AND CAMPAIGNS · PARTY NOMINATIONS Presidential Primaries Caucuses Local meetings to select delegates to vote for candidates at the convention Importance

CAMPAIGNING

Campaign Finance Reform

527 Organization

Tax-exempt

Influence elections

Includes PACs, Super PACs

Super PACs

Organizations created to

influence the political process

Not subject to donation

restrictions

Citizens United v. FEC (2010)

“Money is speech”

Cannot officially endorse a

candidate