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7th Grade Social StudiesCRCT Prep. Review
Jeffrey Bell7th Grade
Social Studies
4/22/13Links to Learning CRCT Prep.
• Login• Go to student shared drive• Click on Coach Bell• CRCT Prep.• Copy websitehttp://www.linkstolearning.com/links/Atlanta/Test%20Prep/CRCT/crct.htm
• Go to the internet• Paste• website• Send scores to: [email protected]
Connecting Themes Used In Global Studies
Unit One
5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHYThe 5 Themes of Geography are:1. Location-Geographic study begins with learning the
location of places. Location can be absolute or relative.
2. Place- Describes the human and physical characteristics of a location.
3. Region-Region divides the world into manageable units for geographic study.
4. Movement-Studies movement and migration across the planet.
5. Human-Environment Interaction-How humans adapt to and modify the environment
LOCATION- Place on a map• ABSOLUTE LOCATION- Uses Latitude and
Longitude to locate a place on the map ex.- Douglasville Ga. Is located at: 33° 44' 59" N / 84° 43' 23" W
• RELATIVE LOCATION- Use descriptive terms to locate one place in relation to another.
ex.-The City of Douglasville, GA, is about 20 miles west of Atlanta in Douglas County.
PLACE-Describes the physical and human characteristics of an area.
•Physical Characteristics include the geographic features such as landforms and climate of an area.
Climate-
• There are 3 major climate zones on earth. Temperatures in these three climate zones are determined mainly by the location, or latitude, of the zone.
1. Polar(High Latitude)-In each hemisphere, the polar zone extends from the pole (90) to about 60 degrees latitude.
2. Temperate-In each hemisphere, the temperate zone is found between 60 and 30 degrees latitude.
3. Tropical(Low Latitude)- In each hemisphere, the tropical zone extends from 30 degrees north and south latitude to the equator (0 degrees)
Government-There are many types of government. Here are some of the most
common.• Dictatorship• Totalitarian• Theocracy• Monarchy• Parliamentary• Republic• Anarchy
• Totalitarian• Oligarchy• Democracy
Government• Dictatorship-Rule by a single leader
who has not been elected and may use force to keep control. In a military dictatorship, the army is in control. Usually, there is little or no attention to public opinion or individual rights.
Example- Cuba
• Totalitarian-Rule by a single political party. People are forced to do what the government tells them and may also be prevented from leaving the country.
• Example- China
Government
• TheocracyA form of government where the rulers claim to be ruling on
behalf of a set of religious ideas, or as direct agents of a deity.
Example-Iran
Government
•MonarchyA monarchy has a king or queen,
who sometimes has absolute power. Power is passed along through the family
Example- Jordan
Government
•ParliamentaryA parliamentary system is led by representatives of the people.
Each is chosen as a member of a political party and remains in power as long as his/her party does
Example-Canada and The United Kingdom
Government
•AnarchyAnarchy is a situation where there is no
government. This can happen after a civil war in a country, when a government has been destroyed and rival groups are fighting to take its place.
Example-Afghanistan
Government
• TotalitarianRule by a single political party.
Votes for alternative candidates and parties are simply not allowed. Citizens
are allowed and 'encouraged' to vote, but only for the government's chosen candidates.
Example-North Korea
Government
• OligarchyA form of government which consists of rule by an elite group who rule in their own
interests, especially the accumulation of wealth and privilege. Only certain members of society have a valid voice in the government. This can reflect (but is not limited to) economic interests, a particular religious tradition (theocracy), or familial rule (monarchy).
Example-Pakistan
Government
• DemocracyIn a democracy, the government is elected
by the people. Everyone who is eligible to vote - which is a majority of the population - has a chance to have their say over who runs the country.
Example-India
Government
Economic Systems of the World
Economic systems can actually be divided into 3 categories based on how the country manages the production and distribution of goods and services. These are:
• Traditional• Command• Market
Economic Systems of the WorldTRADITIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM What is produced and what each person does is determined by birth. A person might be expected to
do what his father did. The share of wealthis determined by custom or one's position in society.There are traditional economies that exist today in
parts of Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America.
Economic Systems of the WorldCOMMAND ECONOMIC SYSTEM- The individual has very little say as to how the basiceconomic questions are answered. What is produced and what each person does might be determined by a small group of individuals.The product might be the property of the small group in control or shared with others. The People's Republic of China ,Uganda and the Soviet Union are examples of command economies, although, most of these nations have gradually moved toward a limited market economy.
Economic Systems of the WorldMARKET ECONOMIC SYSTEM- What is produced and what each person does is based on the activity within the market. Buyers and sellers decide for themselves what goods and services will be produced. Individuals decide for themselves the answers to the basic economic questions. The United States is classified as a market economy.
The student will locate selected features in Southwestern Asia
(Middle East).
Locate the following places on your map:
Euphrates River (Turkey, Iraq, Syria)Jordan River (Jordan, Israel) Tigris River (Turkey, Iraq)Suez Canal (Saudi Arabia, Egypt)Persian Gulf (Iran, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Qatar)Strait of Hormuz (UAE, Oman, Iran)Arabian Sea (Iran, Oman, Pakistan, India)Red Sea (Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan)Gaza Strip (Israel)
Picture of the Euphrates River
Euphrates River
The Euphrates River begins in the mountains of Turkey. It flows southward through Syria and Iraq. It meets up with the Tigris River in southern Iraq and empties into the Persian Gulf. The Euphrates River is one of the most important rivers in the world. The Tigris Euphrates valley was the birthplace of ancient civilizations. The river is the source of political tension between Turkey, Syria and Iraq because they all compete for the use of its waters for irrigation and the generation of hydroelectric power.
Jordan
River
The Jordan River extends from the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea. It is considered to be one of the world's most sacred rivers to both Christians and Jews. It is a major
river in southwest Asia and provides crucial water for Jordan and Israel.
The Dead Sea is the lowest point on the Earth’s surface
Fun Fact: The Dead Sea
Tigris River
The Tigris River is 1,150 miles long and begins on the Armenian plateau in Turkey. In Iraq, it receives additional water from four other rivers. As a result, the Tigris is a faster flowing river and is
more subject to catastrophic flooding than the Euphrates.
City of Baghdad
Suez Canal
It is approximately 100 miles long. It opened in November 1869, allowing water transportation between Europe and Asia without navigating around Africa. The northern terminus is Port Said, and the southern terminus is Port Tawfik at the city of Suez.
The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-
level waterway in Egypt, connecting
the Mediterranean Sea and the Red
Sea.
Persian Gulf
This inland sea is connected to the Gulf of Oman in the east by the Strait of Hormuz, and its western end is marked by the major river
delta of Arvand-Rud , which carries the waters of the Euphrates and Tigris.
The Persian Gulf Persian: خلیج :Arabic ,فارس
الفارسي الخليجlies between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
The Strait of Hormuz Arabic: هرمز - مضيقPersian: هرمز تنگهa narrow, strategically important waterway between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, which leads into the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean.
40% of the world’s oil shipments go through the Strait (approximately 17 million barrels a day). Because it is such an important ocean trade route, nations have been willing to go to war to keep the Strait open.
Arabian SeaArabian Sea is a portion of the Indian Ocean between the Arabian Peninsula on the west and the subcontinent of India on the east. Bounded on the north by Iran and Pakistan, it merges with the main body of the Indian Ocean in the south.
Among the principal arms of the Arabian Sea are the Gulf of Aden, which links it with the Red Sea, and the Gulf of Oman, which links it
with the Persian Gulf.
Gulf of Aden
Gulf of Oman
Red Sea
A narrow, inland sea, separating the Arabian peninsula, from
northeastern Africa. The maximum depth of the sea is 9,970 ft, and its
maximum width is 220 mi. The Suez Canal connects the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea, and the
Indian Ocean. The Red Sea formed when the Arabian Peninsula was torn from Africa, 20 million years
ago. The Red Sea occupies an area known as the Great Rift Valley.
A Palestinian territory bordered on the south by
Egypt and on the north and east by Israel. Israel occupied the area until
2005, when the government of the area
was turned over to Palestinian authorities. Today it controlled by Hamas and the land is being used by radical
groups to launch missiles toward Israel.
Arabic: غزة قطاعHebrew: עזה רצועת
Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey
Locate the following countries on your map:
Afghanistan
Currency - Afghani (AFN)
Official languages: Dan (Persian) and Pashto
Capital – Kabul
The climate is harsh; very hot in the summer and extremely cold in the winter. The climate
and the landscape make farming very difficult. Much of
the economy is based on deposits of minerals and
precious stones.
Afghanistan is east of Iran and north of Pakistan. Mountains cover most of the country.
Women wearing Burqas
Landlocked
Iran
Currency - Iranian rial (ريال) (IRR)
Official language: Persian
Capital – Teheran
Once known as Persia, Iran’s government is a Theocratic Republic. Iran is home to the world’s oldest civilizations, dating back to
4,000 BC.
Oil serves as Iran’s major source of
income. Most of the population lives in the
west (desert to the east).
Iraq
Official languages: Arabic and Kurdish
Capital – Baghdad
Currency - Iraqi dinar (IQD)
Kadhimain Mosque, Baghdad
Modern Iraq was created after WWI. It covers a region often referred to as the “cradle of civilization”.
Iraq, once known as Mesopotamia, has abundant oil and natural gas reserves. Although it is estimated that nearly 90% of these reserves have not been tapped, they are a major source of Iraq’s
income.
Israel
Official languages: Hebrew and Arabic
Currency - Israeli new sheqel (₪) (ILS or NIS)
Capital - Jerusalem
Herod began rebuilding and adding on to the temple around 19 B.C.E.,
and the total work was not finished until fifty years later. The temple
was destroyed by the Romans in 70 C.E. It is thought by Jews to be the most sacred of places, because the temple was thought to be the place
where God resides on earth.
The Wailing Wall or Western Wall is the remains of the great Jewish temple, which
had stood for close to 500 years.
Saudi Arabia
Currency - Riyal (SAR)
Capital – Riyadh
Official language: Arabic
Mecca is the holiest place in the Islamic religion.
Saudi Arabia exports more oil than any other nation in the world. Saudi law is based on the Quran and quite harsh
according to western standards. The state will beat offenders or cut off hands or feet for crimes like stealing. Women’s rights are greatly
restricted.
Turkey
Currency - Turkish lira5 (TRY)
Capital – Ankara
Official language: Turkish
Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey
Turkey, like Russia, stretches into two
different continents; Europe and Asia. It was once the center of the
Ottoman Empire. Turkey was founded in 1923.
JudaismChristianity
IslamBuddhismHinduism
The first monotheistic (one God) religion, Judaism traces its roots back thousands of years.
Jews believe there is one God who created and rules the world. This God is
omnipotent (all powerful), omniscient (all knowing) and omnipresent (in all places
at all times). God is also just and merciful.
Holy Book: The Torah, which means "teaching", is God's revealed
instructions to the Jewish People. The Ten Commandments are
considered the most important commandments of the Torah.
1. God exists. 2. God is one and unique.3. God is incorporeal.4. God is eternal.5. Prayer is to be directed to God alone.6. The words of the prophets are true.7. Moses was the greatest prophet, and
his prophecies are true.8. The Torah was given to Moses.9. There will be no other Torah.10. God knows the thoughts and deeds
of men.11. God will reward the good and
punish the wicked.12. The Messiah will come.13. The dead will be resurrected.
13 Principles of Judaism
Christian beliefs
1. God created all that is seen and unseen2. Jesus is the Son of God and is one with God3. Jesus was conceived of the Holy Spirit and born of the virgin Mary4. Jesus suffered and was crucified5. Jesus died and was buried6. Jesus rose again (the Resurrection)7. Jesus ascended into Heaven8. Jesus will return to judge the living and the dead9. Anyone can have salvation10. People who repent their sins will be forgiven
The Holy Bible is the only inspired, infallible, and authoritative
written Word of God, penned by man with the leading of the Holy
Spirit.
The birthplace of Christianity is an area now known as the Holy Land; Israel/Palestine in
the city of Jerusalem.
The word "Islam" itself means "Submission to Allah."
The Arabian Peninsula the birthplace of Islam
1. Shahada (testimony of faith)
One is required to say "There is no god but
Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of
Allah."
2. Salat (prayer)Muslims pray toward
Mecca five times daily, at dawn, noon, mid-
afternoon, sunset and night.
3. Zakat (almsgiving)Charitable giving is a requirement for all
Muslims. Almsgiving is incumbent upon the individual Muslim - except for in Saudi
Arabia, where Zakat is strictly enforced by the
rule of Islamic law.
4. Siyam (fasting)fasting during the
month of Ramadan. From dawn to dusk for
the entire month
5. Hajj (pilgrimage)To go to the holy city of Mecca for the Hajj, or
pilgrimage. Every able-bodied Muslim is required - if their
finances permit - to make the pilgrimage at least once in
their lifetime.
5 Pillars of Faith
Holy book is the Quran
There are two sects, Sunni and Shi'a. Islam in the Middle East is predominantly Sunni, with the exception of Iran.
Hinduism is the world's oldest religious tradition (circa 10,000 BC),
with a billion followers, making it the world's third largest religion.
Hinduism is a mixture of religious, philosophical, and cultural ideas and
practices that originated in India.
Basic beliefs of HinduismDharma (ethics and duties) Samsara (rebirth) Karma (right action) Moksha (liberation from the cycle of Samsara)
The basic scriptures of Hinduism, are called “the
Vedas and the Upanishads”.
Hinduism believes that there is only one supreme Absolute called
"Brahman“ (Divine Ground of all matter, energy, time, space, and being ). The most fundamental of Hindu
deities is the Trinity of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva.
In addition to many gods and goddesses, Hindus also worship spirits, trees, animals and even
planets.
Ganesha creates the faith to remove all obstacles. Hindu prayers begin by
invoking his name. He is the son of Shiva
Brahma Creator
Vishnu Preserver
Shiva Destroyer
Brahma is self-born (without mother) in the lotus flower
which grew from the navel of Vishnu at the beginning of
the universe. He is responsible for day and night.
Vishnu is the preserver and protector of creation.
When evil overtakes good in the world, Vishnu will
come in human form to set things right again.
Shiva is responsible for change both in the form of
death and destruction and in the positive sense of the
shedding of old habits. Shiva lives on Mount Kailasa in the
Himalayas.
U.S Presence and Interest
The United States has had significant political and economic interests in Southwest Asia for over 200 years.
Vast supplies of oil are found in this area, oil that is critical to United States energy needs.
Since the end of World War I, the United States has played an important role in diplomacy following the break-up of the Ottoman Empire.
The Middle EastHistorical Understandings
U.S Presence and Interest cont.1991 Iraq War
In August 1990 Iraq invaded Kuwait in an effort to control Kuwait’s large oil reserves.
The leader of Iraq, Saddam Hussein, claimed that Kuwait was taking more than they were allowed from shared oil fields. He also claimed that when the Ottoman Empire was broken-up at the end of World War I, the area that became Kuwait should have been part of Iraq.
The Middle EastHistorical Understandings
U.S Presence and Interest cont.1991 Iraq War cont.
The creation of the country of Iraq in 1920 meant that Iraq no longer had any coastline on the Persian Gulf.
The United States was concerned about the invasion of Kuwait because the United States gets a large portion of its imported oil from Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.
The Middle EastHistorical Understandings
U.S Presence and Interest cont.1991 Iraq War cont.
Kuwait belonged to the United Nations, a world organization that will come to the aid of a member nation that is attacked without cause by another country.
The United Nations voted to raise a military force to liberate Kuwait from the Iraqi invasion.
The Middle EastHistorical Understandings
U.S Presence and Interest cont.1991 Iraq War cont.
Because of the threat to the oil supply, the United States sent troops to be part of this United Nations military force to drive Iraq out of Kuwaiti territory.
This effort was known as the Persian Gulf War, or Operation Desert Storm.
The Middle EastHistorical Understandings
U.S Presence and Interest cont.The War on Terror
The terrorist group, al-Qaeda, carried out the 9/11 attacks on New York. Osama bin Laden leads al-Qaeda and was the mastermind behind the attacks.
Al-Qaeda began as a resistance movement against Russia’s invasion of Afghanistan during the late 1970’s and early 80’s.
The Middle EastHistorical Understandings
U.S Presence and Interest cont.Afghanistan War cont.
The United States launched a series of attacks on these mountain hideouts in October 2001 in an attempt to capture bin-Laden and destroy his organization.
United States troops were also sent in and the government of the Taliban collapsed.
The Middle EastHistorical Understandings
U.S Presence and Interest cont.2nd Iraq War
In 2003, the United States launched an invasion of Iraq, after claiming that the Iraqi government led by Saddam Hussein, was developing nuclear weapons (weapons of mass destruction or WMD) and offering aid to groups like Al-Qaeda.
The United States called this military action Operation Iraqi Freedom.
The Middle EastHistorical Understandings
