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GRX1Operators Manual

Part Number 7010-0965

Rev A

January , 20 10

The information contained herein may not be used, accessed, copied, stored,

displayed, sold, modified, published, distributed, or otherwise reproduced .

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ECO#3779

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TOC

i

Table of ContentsChapter 1Introduction .......................................................... 1-1

Principles of Operation .................................................... 1-2GNSS Overview ........................................................ 1-2

Calculating Absolute Positions ........................... 1-3Calculating Differential Positions ...................... 1-3Essential Components for Quality Surveying .... 1-5Conclusion .......................................................... 1-5

Receiver Overview .................................................... 1-6Getting Acquainted .......................................................... 1-7

Battery ....................................................................... 1-8

Installing/Removing the Battery ......................... 1-10GRX1 Receiver ................................................................ 1-11LED Display Panel .................................................... 1-12

Audible Annunciator .......................................... 1-16Data and Power Ports ......................................... 1-17External Radio Antenna Connector .................... 1-18Connector ............................................................ 1-18SD/SDHC and SIM Card Slots ........................... 1-19

Cable ......................................................................... 1-20Other Accessories ...................................................... 1-20Optional Accessories ................................................. 1-20

Option Authorization File (OAF) .................................... 1-21

Chapter 2Pre-survey Preparation ........................................ 2-1

Installing Sokkia Software ............................................... 2-2Installing GRX Utility ............................................... 2-2

Installing the OptionalSD/SDHC and SIM Cards ............................................ 2-3

Charging the Battery ........................................................ 2-5Using the Detachable Battery .................................... 2-6

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Attaching or Detaching the Battery ..................... 2-6Turning the GRX1 On/Off ......................................... 2-8

Connecting the Receiver and a Computer ........................ 2-9Establishing an RS232 Cable Connection ................. 2-10Establishing a Wireless Connection .......................... 2-11

Collecting Almanacs and Ephemerides ............................ 2-13

Chapter 3GRX1 Configuration ............................................ 3-1

Managing the Radio Modem ............................................ 3-2Connecting with the Radio Modem ........................... 3-3Configuring a Digital UHF Radio Modem ............... 3-5

Configuring the Receiver ................................................. 3-8

Chapter 4GRX1 Receiver Setup .......................................... 4-1

Receiver Setup .................................................................. 4-1Step 1: Set up the Receivers ...................................... 4-1

Step 2: Measure Antenna Height ............................... 4-4Static Surveying for Base Stations ................................... 4-6Kinematic (Stop & Go) Surveying for Rover Stations .... 4-7

Chapter 5Receiver and File Maintenance .......................... 5-1

Downloading Files to a Computer ................................... 5-1Downloading Files via GRX Utility .......................... 5-1

Deleting Files from the Receiver Using GRX Utility ...... 5-3Using the Power Button to Deleting Files ........................ 5-4Managing Receiver Memory ............................................ 5-4Managing Receiver Options ............................................. 5-4

Checking the Receivers OAF ................................... 5-5Loading an OAF ........................................................ 5-5

Loading New Firmware ................................................... 5-7

Clearing the NVRAM ...................................................... 5-8Using GRX Utility to Clear the NVRAM ................. 5-9

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Chapter 6Troubleshooting ................................................... 6-1

Check This First! ............................................................. 6-1Troubleshooting Quick List ............................................. 6-2Powering Problems .......................................................... 6-2Receiver Problems ........................................................... 6-3Bluetooth Problems ......................................................... 6-8GRX Utility Problems ..................................................... 6-10Obtaining Technical Support ........................................... 6-11

Phone ......................................................................... 6-12

-E-mail ....................................................................... 6-12Website ...................................................................... 6-13

Appendix ASpecifications ....................................................... A-1

Receiver Specifications ................................................... A-1General Details .......................................................... A-1GPS Board Details .................................................... A-5

Bluetooth Module Details ......................................... A-7Internal Sokkia UHF Modem General Specification

Details .................................................................... A-7Optional GSM/GPRS Module Details ...................... A-8Battery (BDC58) Specifications ............................... A-8Charger (CDC68) Specifications .............................. A-9

Connector Specifications ................................................. A-9Power Connector ....................................................... A-10Serial C-RS232 Connector ........................................ A-11

Appendix BSafety Warnings ................................................... B-1

General Warnings ............................................................ B-1Battery Pack Warnings .................................................... B-2Usage Warnings ............................................................... B-3

Appendix CRegulatory Information ........................................ C-1

UHF Radio Usage ............................................................ C-1FCC Compliance ............................................................. C-2

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Federal Communication Commission Declarationof Conformity (DoC) Statement ...................... C-3

Canadian Emission Labeling Requirements .................... C-3IC RF Radiation Exposure Statement ................. C-4IC Additional statement with Detachable

Antennas .......................................................... C-4Community of Europe Compliance .................................. C-5

European Community Declaration of Conformitywith R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC .................. C-5

Declaration of Conformity with Regard to the R&TTE Directive

1999/5/EC

WEEE Directive ............................................................... C-8

Appendix DWarranty Terms ................................................... D-1

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Preface

v

PrefaceThank you for purchasing this Sokkia product. The materialsavailable in this Manual (the Manual) have been prepared bySokkia for owners of Sokkia products, and are designed to assistowners with the use of the receiver and its use is subject to theseterms and conditions (the Terms and Conditions).

Terms and ConditionsUSE This product is designed to be used by a professional. The usershould have a good knowledge of the safe use of the product andimplement the types of safety procedures recommended by the localgovernment protection agency for both private use and commercial

job sites.

COPYRIGHT All information contained in this Manual is theintellectual property of, and copyrighted material of Sokkia. Allrights are reserved. Do not use, access, copy, store, display, createderivative works of, sell, modify, publish, distribute, or allow anythird party access to, any graphics, content, information or data in thisManual without Sokkias express written consent and may only usesuch information for the care and operation of your receiver. Theinformation and data in this Manual are a valuable asset of Sokkia

and are developed by the expenditure of considerable work, time andmoney, and are the result of original selection, coordination andarrangement by Sokkia.

NOTICE Please read these Terms and Conditions carefully.

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TRADEMARKS GRX1, Spectrum Survey Office, SpectrumLink, Spectrum Survey Field, SHC2500, and GRX Utilityare trademarks or registered trademarks of Sokkia. Windows is aregistered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. The Bluetooth wordmark and logos are owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of suchmarks by Sokkia is used under license. Other product and companynames mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.

DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY EXCEPT FOR ANYWARRANTIES IN AN APPENDIX OR A WARRANTY CARDACCOMPANYING THE PRODUCT, THIS MANUAL AND THERECEIVER ARE PROVIDED AS-IS. THERE ARE NO OTHERWARRANTIES. SOKKIA DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIEDWARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANYPARTICULAR USE OR PURPOSE. SOKKIA AND ITSDISTRIBUTORS SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR TECHNICAL OREDITORIAL ERRORS OR OMISSIONS CONTAINED HEREIN;NOR FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGESRESULTING FROM THE FURNISHING, PERFORMANCE ORUSE OF THIS MATERIAL OR THE RECEIVER. SUCHDISCLAIMED DAMAGES INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITEDTO LOSS OF TIME, LOSS OR DESTRUCTION OF DATA, LOSSOF PROFIT, SAVINGS OR REVENUE, OR LOSS OF THEPRODUCTS USE. IN ADDITION SOKKIA IS NOTRESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE FOR DAMAGES OR COSTS

INCURRED IN CONNECTION WITH OBTAININGSUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS OR SOFTWARE, CLAIMS BYOTHERS, INCONVENIENCE, OR ANY OTHER COSTS. IN ANYEVENT, SOKKIA SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY FORDAMAGES OR OTHERWISE TO YOU OR ANY OTHERPERSON OR ENTITY IN EXCESS OF THE PURCHASE PRICEFOR THE RECEIVER.

LICENSE AGREEMENT Use of any computer programs or softwaresupplied by Sokkia or downloaded from a Sokkia website (theSoftware) in connection with the receiver constitutes acceptance ofthese Terms and Conditions in this Manual and an agreement to abideby these Terms and Conditions. The user is granted a personal, non-

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exclusive, non-transferable license to use such Software under theterms stated herein and in any case only with a single receiver orsingle computer. You may not assign or transfer the Software or thislicense without the express written consent of Sokkia. This license iseffective until terminated. You may terminate the license at any timeby destroying the Software and Manual. Sokkia may terminate thelicense if you fail to comply with any of the Terms or Conditions.You agree to destroy the Software and manual upon termination ofyour use of the receiver. All ownership, copyright and otherintellectual property rights in and to the Software belong to Sokkia. If

these license terms are not acceptable, return any unused software andmanual.

CONFIDENTIALITY This Manual, its contents and the Software(collectively, the Confidential Information) are the confidential andproprietary information of Sokkia. You agree to treat SokkiasConfidential Information with a degree of care no less stringent that thedegree of care you would use in safeguarding your own most valuable

trade secrets. Nothing in this paragraph shall restrict you fromdisclosing Confidential Information to your employees as may benecessary or appropriate to operate or care for the receiver. Suchemployees must also keep the Confidentiality Information confidential.In the event you become legally compelled to disclose any of theConfidential Information, you shall give Sokkia immediate notice sothat it may seek a protective order or other appropriate remedy.

WEBSITE; OTHER STATEMENTS No statement contained at theSokkia website (or any other website) or in any other advertisementsor Sokkia literature or made by an employee or independentcontractor of Sokkia modifies these Terms and Conditions (includingthe Software license, warranty and limitation of liability).

SAFETY Improper use of the receiver can lead to injury to persons orproperty and/or malfunction of the product. The receiver should onlybe repaired by authorized Sokkia warranty service centers. Usersshould review and heed the safety warnings in an Appendix.

MISCELLANEOUS The above Terms and Conditions may beamended, modified, superseded, or canceled, at any time by Sokkia.The above Terms and Conditions will be governed by, and construed

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GRX1 Operators Manualviii

in accordance with, the laws of the State of California, withoutreference to conflict of laws.

Manual ConventionsThis manual uses the following conventions:Example Description

File Exit Click the File menu, and click Exit .Connection Indicates the name of a dialog box or screen.Frequency Indicates a field on a dialog box or screen, or a tab

within a dialog box or screen.Enter Press or click the button or key labeled Enter .

NOTE Further information to note about the configuration,maintenance, or setup of a system.

TIP

Supplementary information that can help youconfigure, maintain, or set up a system.

NOTICE

Supplementary information that can have an affecton system operation, system performance,measurements, or personal safety.

CAUTION

Notification that an action has the potential toadversely affect system operation, system

performance, data integrity, or personal health.

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WARNING

Notification that an action will result in systemdamage, loss of data, loss of warranty, or personalinjury.

DANGERUnder no circumstances should this action beperformed.

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Notes:

x

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Introduction

GRX1 Operators Manual1-2

Principles of OperationSurveying with the right GPS receiver can provide users accurate andprecise positioning, a requirement for any surveying project.

This section gives an overview of existing and proposed GlobalNavigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and receiver functions so thatbasic operating principles can be applied.

GNSS Overview

Currently, the following two global navigation satellite systems(GNSS) offer line-of-site radio navigation and positioning, velocity,and time services on a global, all-weather scale to any user equippedwith a GNSS tracking receiver on or near the Earth's surface:

GPS - the Global Positioning System maintained and operated bythe United States Department of Defense. For information on thestatus of this system, visit the US Naval Observatory website

(http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/) or the US Coast Guard website(http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/).

GLONASS - the Global Navigation Satellite System maintainedand operated by the Russian Federation Ministry of Defense. Forinformation on the status of this system, visit the CoordinationalScientific Information Center website (http://www.glonass-ianc.rsa.ru/).

Despite numerous technical differences in the implementation ofthese systems, satellite positioning systems have three essentialcomponents:

Space - GPS and GLONASS satellites orbit approximately12,000 nautical miles above Earth and are equipped with a clockand radio. These satellites broadcast ranging signals and variousdigital information (ephemerides, almanacs, time and frequency

corrections, and so forth). Control - Ground stations located around the Earth that monitor

the satellites and upload data, including clock corrections andnew ephemerides (satellite positions as a function of time), toensure the satellites transmit data properly.

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User - The community and military that use GNSS receivers tocalculate positions.

Calculating Absolute PositionsWhen calculating an absolute position, a stationary or movingreceiver determines its three-dimensional position with respect to theorigin of an Earth-Center Earth-Fixed coordinate system. To calculatethis position, the receiver measures the distance (called pseudo-ranges) between it and at least four satellites. The measured pseudo-ranges are corrected for clock differences (receiver and satellites) and

signal propagation delays due to atmospheric effects. The positions ofthe satellites are computed from the ephemeris data transmitted to thereceiver in navigation messages. When using a single satellite system,the minimum number of satellites needed to compute a position isfour. In a mixed satellite scenario (GPS and GLONASS), the receivermust lock onto five or more satellites to account for the different timescales used in these systems and to obtain an absolute position.

Calculating Differential Positions

DGPS, or Differential GPS, is a relative positioning technique wherethe measurements from two or more remote receivers are combinedand processed using sophisticated algorithms to calculate thereceivers' relative coordinates with high accuracy. DGPSaccommodates various implementation techniques that can beclassified according to the following criteria:

The type of GNSS measurements used, either code-phasedifferential measurements or carrier-phase differentialmeasurements

If real-time or post-mission results required. Real-timeapplications can be further divided according to the source ofdifferential data and communication link used.

With DGPS in its most traditional approach, one receiver is placed ata known, surveyed location and is referred to as the reference receiveror base station. Another receiver is placed at an unknown locationand is referred to as the remote receiver or rover. The reference

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station collects the code-phase and carrier-phase measurements fromeach GNSS satellite in view.

For real-time applications, these measurements and the referencestation coordinates are then built up to the industry standardRTCM - or various proprietary standards established fortransmitting differential data - and broadcast to the remotereceiver (s) using a data communication link. The remotereceiver applies the transmitted measurement information to itsobserved measurements of the same satellites.

For post-mission applications, the simultaneous measurementsfrom reference and rover stations are normally recorded to thereceiver's internal memory (not sent over communication link).Later, the data are downloaded to computer, combined, andprocessed. Using this technique, the spatially correlated errors -such as satellite orbital errors, ionospheric errors and troposphericerrors - can be significantly reduced, thus improving the positionsolution accuracy.

A number of differential positioning implementations exist, includingpost-processing surveying, real-time kinematic surveying, maritimeradio beacons, geostationary satellites (as with the OmniSTARservice) and satellite based augmentation systems (WAAS, EGNOS,MSAS).

The real-time kinematic (RTK) method is the most precise method ofreal-time surveying. RTK requires at least two receivers collecting

navigation data and communication data link between the receivers.One of the receivers is usually at a known location (Base) and theother is at an unknown location (Rover). The Base receiver collectscarrier phase measurements, generates RTK corrections and sendsthis data to the Rover receiver. The Rover processes this transmitteddata with its own carrier phase observations to compute its relativeposition with high accuracy, achieving an RTK accuracy of up to10mm horizontal and 15mm vertical.

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Essential Components for Quality Surveying

Achieving quality position results requires the following elements:

Accuracy - The accuracy of a position primarily depends uponthe satellite geometry (Geometric Dilution of Precision, orGDOP) and the measurement (ranging) errors.

Differential positioning (DGPS and RTK) strongly mitigatesatmospheric and orbital errors, and counteracts SelectiveAvailability (SA) signals the US Department of Defensetransmits with GPS signals.

The more satellites in view, the stronger the signal, the lowerthe DOP number, the higher positioning accuracy.

Availability - The availability of satellites affects the calculationof valid positions. The more visible satellites available, the morevalid and accurate the position. Natural and man-made objectscan block, interrupt, and distort signals, lowering the number ofavailable satellites and adversely affecting signal reception.

Integrity - Fault tolerance allows a position to have greaterintegrity, increasing accuracy. Several factors combine toprovide fault tolerance, including:

Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) detectsfaulty GNSS satellites and removes them from the positioncalculation.

Five or more visible satellites for only GPS or only

GLONASS; six or more satellites for mixed scenario Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (WAAS, EGNOS,

and so on) creates and transmit, along with DGPScorrections, data integrity information (for example, satellitehealth warnings).

Current ephemerides and almanacs.

ConclusionThis overview simply outlines the basics of satellite positioning. Formore detailed information, visit the Sokkia website.

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Receiver OverviewWhen power is turned on and the receiver self-test completes, the

receiver's 72 channels initialize and begin tracking visible satellites.Each of the receiver's channels can be used to track any one of theGPS or GLONASS signals. The number of channels available allowsthe receiver to track all visible global positioning satellites at any timeand location.

An internal GNSS antenna equipped with a low noise amplifier(LNA) and the receiver's radio frequency (RF) device are connected

with a co-axial cable. The wide-band signal received is down-converted, filtered, digitized and assigned to different channels. Thereceiver processor controls the process of signal tracking.

Once the signal is locked in the channel, it is demodulated andnecessary signal parameters (carrier and code phases) are measured.Also, broadcast navigation data are retrieved from the navigationframe.

After the receiver locks on to four or more satellites, its absoluteposition in WGS-84 and the time offset between the receiver clockand GPS time are computed. This information and the measurementdata can be stored in the optional SD card and downloaded later ontoa computer, then processed using a post-processing software package.When the receiver operates in RTK mode, raw data measurementscan also be recorded into the receiver's internal memory. This allowsthe operator to double check real-time results obtained in the field.

Depending on your options, capabilities of the receiver include:

Satellite based augmentation systems (WAAS, EGNOS and soforth).

Adjustable phase locked loop (PLL) and delay lock loop (DLL)parameters

Dual- or multi-frequency modes, including static, kinematic,real-time kinematic (RTK), and differential GPS (DGPS) surveymodes (DGPS modes include static, kinematic, and RTK)

Auto data logging

Setting different mask angles

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Setting different survey parameters

Static or dynamic modes

Getting AcquaintedThe GRX1 is a 72-channel GPS receiver, which includes thefollowing:

Detachable battery

One data port

Interface for controlling and viewing data logging

External memory card slot

Internal radio modem

Bluetooth wireless technology module

Optional GSM/GPRS module

Optional CDMA module (only with the Digital UHF radiomodem)

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BatteryThe GRX1 receiver comes equipped with one detachable battery

(Figure 1-2 ) for powering the receiver.

Figure 1-2. GRX1 Batt ery

Use the BDC58 chargeable battery for powering the receiver.

It takes approximately 4 hours to completely charge one battery, and8 hours to charge two batteries using the CDC68 charger.

1. Connect the power cable to the charger and plug the charger intothe wall outlet.

2. Mount the battery in the charger by matching the grooves on the

battery with the guides on the charger.
http://-/?-http://-/?-

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Figure 1-3. Insert Battery onto Charger

3. When charging starts, the lamp starts blinking.4. The lamp lights when charging is finished.

5. Remove the battery and unplug the charger.

Figure 1-4. Remove Battery

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Installing/Removing the Battery

Mount the charged battery.

Before removing the battery, turn off the power to the instrument.If the battery is removed while the power is switched on, a warmboot occurs. File and folder data may be lost as a result.

When installing/removing the battery, make sure that moisture ordust particles do not come in contact with the inside of theinstrument.

Remove batteries from the surveying instrument or chargerbefore putting into storage.

NOTE

Slots 1 and 2:

The charger starts charging the battery mountedfirst. If you place two batteries in the charger, thebattery in slot 1 is charged first, and then the batteryin slot 2.

NOTE

Charging lamp:

The charging lamp is off when the charger is

outside the charging temperature range or whenthe battery is mounted incorrectly. If the lamp isstill off after the charger falls within its chargingtemperature range and the battery is mountedagain, contact your local dealer.

NOTE

Charging time per battery (at 25C):

BDC58: about 4 hours (Charging can takelonger than the times stated above whentemperatures are either especially high or low.)

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Store the battery in a dry room where the temperature is withinthe following ranges. For long-term storage, the battery shouldbe charged at least once every six months.

The BDC58 generates power using a chemical reaction and as aresult has a limited lifetime. Even when the battery is in storageand not used for long periods, the battery capacity deteriorateswith the passage of time. This may result in the operating time ofthe battery shortening despite having been charged correctly. Inthis event, a new battery is required.

GRX1 ReceiverThe GRX1 receivers advanced design reduces the number of cablesrequired for operation, allowing for more reliable and efficientsurveying. The casing allocates space for one removable battery, SDand SIM card slots, Bluetooth wireless technology module and aradio modem communications board with GSM cellar phone module(depending on the model).

The GRX1 comes in one of the following configurations:

with a Digital UHF TX/RX radio modem

with a Digital UHF TX/RX radio modem and a GSM/GPRSmodule

with a Digital UHF TX/RX radio modem and a CDMA module(for US)

Other features include one data port and a power port, and a LEDPanel for viewing status.

Table 1-1. Battery Storage Time

Storage Period Temperature

1 week or less -20C to +50C

1 week to 1 month -20C to +45C

1 month to 6 months -20C to +40C

6 months to 1 year -20C to +35C

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LED Display PanelThe GRX1 LED Display Panel is used to display and indicate the

receivers current situation.

Figure 1-5. GRX1 LED Display Panel

Available Power Bar indicates the remaining battery charge orvoltage.

Green - indicates greater than 50%. Yellow - indicates greater than 25%.

Red - indicates greater than 10%.

Red blink - indicates less than 10%.

When GRX1 uses an external power supply:

Green - indicates greater than 8V.

Yellow - indicates greater than 7.25V.

Red - indicates greater than 6.5V.

Red blink - indicates less than 6.5V.

Scheduler

Receiver Health

Available Power Bar Satellite Tracking Bar

Memory Capacity Bar

Wireless Status

RadioStatus

Serial PortStatusFile StatusPosition Status

Battery Status

Scheduler

Receiver Health

Available Power Bar Satellite Tracking Bar

Memory Capacity Bar

Wireless Status

RadioStatus

Serial PortStatusFile StatusPosition Status

Battery Status

Power Button

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Battery Status LEDs indicate an available battery and the usagecondition.

Green - only battery is available.

Red - only external power is available.

Amber - battery and external power are available.

Satelli te Tracking Bar indicates the number of satellites tracked.

Green - indicates greater than 8 satellites.

Yellow - indicates 6 or 7 satellites.

Red - indicates 4 or 5 satellites.

Red blink - indicates 3, 2, 1 satellites.

Position Status LEDs indicate the current type position computed.

Green - Single or Fixed Position.

Amber - DGPS or Float RTK.

Red Integer RTKMemory Capacity Bar indicates a percentage of available space inthe memory.

Green - indicates greater than 50%.

Yellow - indicates greater than 25%.

Red - indicates greater than 10%.

Red blink - indicates greater than 0%.

Green/Yellow/Red blink 0% or memory card is not ready.

File Status LEDs indicate the status of the current file.

Green - a file is open.

Red blink - writing to the file.

NO light (dark) - a file is not open or there is no memory card inslot.

Wireless Status LEDs indicate the status of the internal Bluetoothmodule.

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Blue - internal Bluetooth connection is established.

Blue blink - internal Bluetooth connection has not been made, as

long as the module has power. Blue dark - internal Bluetooth is not being powered.

Green flash data is transmitted from the Bluetooth port.

Orange flash - data is received from the Bluetooth port.

Radio Status LEDs indicate the status of the internal UHF radio andGSM module.

Yellow - internal radio is being powered. Yellow dark - internal radio is not being powered.

Green flash - data is transmitted from the internal radio port.

Orange flash - data is received from the internal radio port.

Serial Port Status LEDs indicate the status of the serial port.

Green flash - data is transmitted from the serial port. Orange flash - data is received from the serial port.

Scheduler Status LED is not available at this time. The schedulerstatus LED feature will be available in future revisions of the GRX1.

The Power Button is used to turn the unit on or off, format or erasethe internal memory, or perform a factory reset. The number ofseconds that you press the power button determines how the receiverwill behave. At each time interval, the receiver issues voice messagesor sounds to guide you through the process.

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Table 1-2.

Acti onNumber o fSeconds

Description

Turn On 1 second Press the button for more than 3second and release to turn on thereceiver. The battery life gaugeindicates the progress of the startupsequence. After startup(approximately 20 seconds), thebattery life gauge indicators willturn off for a short period, and youwill hear the "Receiver Ready"message or sound that indicates thatthe system is operational.Note: It is normal for the receiverhealth indicator LEDs to illuminateduring startup.

Turn Off greater than 3seconds, andless than 10seconds

Press the button for 3 seconds to 10seconds and/or until you hear the"Power Off" message or sound, andthe top three battery life gauge LEDsilluminate.

Factoryreset

greater than 10seconds, andless than 20seconds

With the receiver on, press thebutton for 10 seconds to 20 secondsuntil you hear the "Factory Reset"message or sound and the top threeLEDs on the battery life, satellitetracking, and memory gaugesilluminate. Release the button toreset all stored parameters on thereceiver to their default values.Note: This action is irreversible.

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Audible Annunciator

The GRX1 receiver is equipped with a voice notification, whichissues a series of voice messages or sounds to alert you to the systemstatus and event conditions.

Erasememory

greater than 20,and less than 25

With the receiver on, press thebutton for 20 seconds to 25 secondsuntil you hear the "Delete Files"message or sound and the top threeLEDs on the memory gaugeilluminate. Release the button todelete all the files from the memory.Notice: This action is irreversible. Ifyou are unsure about whether youwant to delete all the files, hold thebutton longer than 25 seconds, sothat the receiver simply returns tonormal operation.To delete individual files from thememory, use a data collector orSokkia software GRX Utility on

your PC.Disregard more than 25

secondsWhen you hold the button longerthan 25 seconds and you hear the"Continue Operation" message orsound, no action will be taken andthe receiver will return to normaloperation.The receiver will not turn Off, the

data files will not be erased and thesettings will not revert to factorysettings.

NOTE

Your receiver is preconfigured with either voicemessages or sounds at a preset volume. To modifythese settings, use the GRX Utility software orother application software.

Table 1-2.


Description

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GRX1 Receiver

P/N 7010-0965 1-17

The frequency of the voice message or sound depends on the specificcondition, the frequency is either once (when the condition firstoccurs) or repeated (every 30 seconds for a set period of time).

Data and Power PortsThe GRX1 has the following two ports(Figure 1-6 on page 1-17 ):

Serial - rimmed in black; used for communication betweenthe receiver and an external device. The body of theconnector on the corresponding cable is black.

Power - rimmed in red; used to connect the receiver to anexternal power source. The body of the connector on thecorresponding cable is red.

Figure 1-6. GRX1 Ports

AntennaPort

Power Port

SerialPort

AntennaPort
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Introduction


External Radio Antenna Connector

The UHF antennas connect to the external antenna connector under

the GRX1 housing ( Figure 1-7 ). Both modem antenna types includesupport for a GSM modem.

The modem antenna depends on the type of modem installed in thereceiver:

UHF: Uses a BNC RF connection and comes in two versions:410440MHz (p/n 30-070003-01) and 440470MHz (p/n 30-050503-01).

Figure 1-7. Modem Antenna

Connector

The bottom connector ( Figure 1-8 ) connects the receiver to either astandard 5/8'' thread pole/adapter.

Figure 1-8. GRX1 Bottom Connector

UHF/GSM Antenna

Bottom Connector
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GRX1 Receiver

P/N 7010-0965 1-19

SD/SDHC and SIM Card Slots

The SD/SDHC and SIM card slots reside under the battery near the

base of the dome.The SD/SDHC card slot is located inside the battery pocket(Figure 1-9 ). Once installed, the SD/SDHC card can usually beremoved from the receiver. The data that resides on the SD/SDHCcard can be accessed via the SD/SDHC card reader, serial port, orBluetooth wireless technology. A secure digital card can bepurchased from a local Sokkia dealer. The SD/SDHC card is

available in FAT16 or FAT32 format so that the removable SD/ SDHC card is enabled for copying logging files on a PC.

The SIM card slo t is located inside the battery pocket and allows astandard SIM card to be installed in the receiver. Once installed, theSIM card provides a unique identification for the receivers GSMmodule and enables the receivers GSM functionality based on thesubscribed services (the receiver board accesses the GSM module

which accesses the SIM card). The SIM card usually remains insidethe receiver. The GSM module with the SIM card installed can beaccessed via GRX Utility for configuration purposes. A SIM card canbe purchased from a local cellular provider.

Figure 1-9. GRX1 Card Slot Example

SIM Card Slot

SD/SDHC Card Slot
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Introduction


CableThe GRX1 package includes standard communication for configuring

the receiver. Table 1-3 lists the cable included in the GRX1 package.

Other Accessories Battery (BDC58) Li-ion Battery (4,300mAh, 7.2 VDC) x 2

Battery Charger (CDC68)

Power Cable (73113/A/B/C) CDC68 to AC consent (regionspecific)

Interface Cable (DOC133, 72693) for SHC250/SHC2500/PC

Manual CD

Radio Antenna (type depends on chosen UHF radio modem)

For more details on the accessories and package options available forthe GRX1, contact your local Sokkia dealer.

Optional AccessoriesSokkia offers a wide variety of accessories especially designed toextend job reliability and efficiency. For more details on the optionalaccessories available for GRX1, contact your local Sokkia dealer.

Radio Antenna for Digital modem (30-050503-01 or30-070003-01)

10cm spacer

SD Card industrial model

Measuring Tape (22-050902-1) 3.7m HI (Calibrated)

Table 1-3. GRX1 Package Cables

Cable Description Cable Illustration

Serial cableConnects the receiver to an externaldevice (controller or computer) fordata transfer and receiver

configuration. Body of connector isblack.
http://-/?-http://-/?-

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Option Authorization File (OAF)

P/N 7010-0965 1-21

Option Authorization File (OAF)Sokkia issues an Option Authorization File (OAF) to enable thespecific options that customers purchase. An Option AuthorizationFile allows customers to customize and configure the receiveraccording to particular needs, thus only purchasing those optionsneeded.

Typically, all receivers ship with a temporary OAF that allows it to beused for a predetermined period of time. When the receiver ispurchased, a new OAF permanently activates purchased options.

Receiver options remain intact when clearing the NVRAM orresetting the receiver.

The OAF enables the following kinds of functions. For a completelist of available options and details, visit the Sokkia website orconsult a Sokkia dealer.

Type of signal (standard L1; optional L2, GPS, GLONASS) Update rate standard 1Hz (optional 5, 10, 20Hz, 50Hz, or

100Hz) RTK at 1Hz, 5Hz, 10Hz, and 20Hz RTCM/CMR Input/Output Advanced multipath reduction Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)

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Introduction


Notes:

1-22

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P/N 7010-0965

Chapter 2

2-1

Pre-surveyPreparationBefore beginning to survey with the GRX1 receiver, install the

following software, charge the battery and apply the followingconfigurations:

Install receiver configuration software

See Installing Sokkia Software on page 2-2 .

Optional: install SD/SDHC card and/or SIM card

See Installing the Optional SD/SDHC and SIM Cards on

page 2-3 .

Charge the Battery

See Charging the Battery on page 2-5 .

Configure the Bluetooth wireless technology module

See Establishing a Wireless Connection on page 2-11 .

Collect almanacs and ephemerides (after first-time configurationactivities as described in Chapter 3 )See Collecting Almanacs and Ephemerides on page 2-13 .

This chapter also discusses connecting the receiver and a computers.

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Pre-survey Preparation


Installing Sokkia SoftwareThe GRX Utility CD includes the following software program usedfor configuring and maintaining the receiver.

If installing GRX Utility from the GRX Utility CD, insert the CD intothe computers CD-ROM drive. If downloading the program(s) fromthe website, extract the programs files into a folder on the hard drive.

The following sections describe installing this software, and other

sections throughout the manual describe using this software with thereceiver.

Installing GRX UtilityGRX Utility is a Windows software application designed forconfiguring GNSS receivers.

Computer requirements for GRX Utility are: Microsoft WindowsXP / Vista/7 operating system and an RS-232C port or Bluetoothwireless technology. Use GRX Utility to correctly configure thereceiver.

To install GRX Utility:

1. Navigate to the GRX Utility folder, and double-click GRXUtility.zip .

2. Extract GRX_Utility.exe to the GRX Utility folder.3. Double-click GRX_Utility.exe to run the installer, and then

follow the on-screen instructions.

After installation, shortcuts on the desktop and in the Program menuare created.

Figure 2-1. GRX Util ity Desktop Shor tcut

GRX Utility

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Installing the Optional SD/SDHC and SIM Cards

P/N 7010-0965 2-3

To uninstall GRX Utility, navigate to the location of the *.exe file.Select the file, and press Delete . Each time GRX Utility runs andconfigures the bluetooth module, GRX Utility saves the settings in afile (btconf.ini). GRX Utility automatically updates the file each timechanges are made to the Bluetooth modules settings.

Installing the OptionalSD/SDHC and SIM CardsBehind the detachable battery is a slot for the optional SD/SDHC cardor the optional SIM card. The SD/SDHC card provides memory spacein which to save logged data; the SIM card provides telephonycommunication for data transfer between two GSM-capablereceivers. The SD/SDHC card can be purchased at a local Sokkiadealer; the SIM card can be purchased at a local cellular phone supplystore. The receiver currently supports an SD/SDHC card (FAT16/ FAT32 format).

Once installed, the card (s) generally remains installed. The card canthen be accessed via the receiver board using a data port or Bluetoothwireless technology.

To install the SD/SDHC card (Figure 2-2 ):

1. Ensure the receiver is turned off.2. Remove the battery. See Using the Detachable Battery on

page 2-6 .

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3. Carefully insert the SD/SDHC card, label side down, into the SD/ SDHC card slot located at the top of the battery pocket.

Figure 2-2. Install SD/SDHC Card

Once the receiver is turned on, the receiver board will detect the SD/ SDHC card, and it will be ready to use as needed.

To install the SIM card (Figure 2-3 ):

The SIM card must support Circuit Switched Data to communicatedirectly between receivers. The SIM card must have GPRS or EDGEsupport to communicate with a GPS Network IP address.

1. Ensure the receiver is turned off.2. Remove the battery.3. If needed, snap the SIM card into its holder.

CAUTION

Do not remove the card if the receiver is poweredon. Damage to data may result from improperremoval of the card.

NOTICE

For direct communication between Base and Roverreceivers, you must install a SIM card with a CircuitSwitch Data plan and have subscriptions to thesame service provider for proper datacommunication.

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Charging the Battery

P/N 7010-0965 2-5

4. Carefully insert the holder, label side down, into the SIM card slotlocated at the top of the battery pocket.

Figure 2-3. Instal l SIM Card

Once the receiver is turned on, the receiver board will detect the SIM

card, and it will be ready to use as needed.

Charging the BatteryTo charge the battery, use the included charger. It takes approximately

4 hours to completely charge one battery, and 8 hours to charge twobatteries.

The Li-Ion batteries used in the battery packs should run at no lessthan 80% capacity after 500 charging cycles. These batteries do notneed to be drained before recharging.

1. Remove the battery from the receiver and insert them into thecharger.

2. Connect the power cable to the power supply unit.

NOTE

The battery is shipped from the factory withoutpower. Fully charge the Battery before surveying.

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3. Plug the power supply to an available outlet. Leave forapproximately 2.5 hours to fully charge the one battery.

4. Charger LED RED blink indicates under power supply, andGree n indicates full charge

Using the Detachable BatteryThe GRX1 receiver uses one detachable, rechargeable lithium-ionbattery. It also contains an internal backup battery, which maintainsinternal RTC. The backup battery is automatically charged from the

main battery.The battery is capable of running for more than 7.5 hours on a singlecharge (only static observation).

The battery compartment door provides access to the main battery.The receiver can also be powered using an external power source.

Attaching or Detaching the Battery

To detach the battery:

1. Turn the GRX1 over.2. Push battery button on both sides of the battery compartment

cover, and lift battery cover. Push the center of the battery coverlightly to easily lift the battery cover.

Figure 2-4. Remove Battery Compartment Cover

Press and HoldBoth Battery

Compartment Buttons(One on Each Side)

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Charging the Battery

P/N 7010-0965 2-7

3. Slide the battery to the right, and separate the battery fromconnector.

Figure 2-5. Remove Battery

4. Lift up the battery and remove it from the receiver.

To attach the Battery:

1. Lift the battery cover.

Slide Battery

to the Right toRemove

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2. Gently slide the bottom of the battery into the battery pocket untilit snaps into place.

Figure 2-6. Remove Battery Compartment Cover

3. Reinstall the battery cover.

Turning the GRX1 On/OffTo turn ON the receiver, press and hold the power button 1 second.To turn OFF the receiver, press and hold the power key for more thanthree and less than ten seconds.

Table 2-1. Power Button Status on LED Display Panel


LED View

Turn On 1 second

Slide Battery

to the Left toLock in Place

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Connecting the Receiver and a Computer

P/N 7010-0965 2-9

Connecting the Receiver and aComputerGRX Utility provides an interface for various configuration,monitoring, and management functions for the receiver.

To configure, manage files, or maintain the receiver, connect thereceiver and a computer using one of the following methods and startGRX Utility:

a Bluetooth-enabled external device (computer/controller)

an RS232 cable and a computer/controller

Once a connection between the receiver and the computer/controllerhas been established, you will be able to configure the receiver and itscomponents, send commands to the receiver, download files from thereceivers memory; as well as, upload new firmware using GRXUtility upload an OAF, and upload configuration files to the receiver.

Turn Off greater than 3seconds, andless than 10seconds

Factoryreset

greater than 10seconds, andless than 20

seconds

Erasememory

greater than 20,and less than 25

Disregard more than 25seconds

Table 2-1. Power Button Status on LED Display Panel


LED View

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Establishing an RS232 CableConnectionTo establish a connection to a receiver, take the following steps:

1. Press the power buttons on the receiver and computer to turnthem on.

2. Using the RS232 cable, connect the serial port of the computer(usually COM1) to the receivers serial port.

3. Run GRX Utility.

4. Click Device Application mode and select ReceiverManaging mode. This mode allows the computer/controller todetect the device connected to the port:

5. Click Device Connect . The Connection Parameters dialog boxdisplays. To establish a connection between the computer/ controller and the receiver, press the Connect button. Whendetecting the receiver, the Detecting Receiver dialog box displays.

Figure 2-7. Stages for connecting receiver and computer/cont rol ler via RS232cable

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Connecting the Receiver and a Computer

P/N 7010-0965 2-11

6. To close the connection between a receiver and computer/

controller, click Device Disconnect :

Establishing a Wireless ConnectionThe GRX1 receiver contains Bluetooth wireless technology thatallows file transfer and synchronization between the receiver and anyother external device that supports Bluetooth wireless technology; forexample, an SHC250, or a computer with USB-to-Bluetooth adapteror PCMCIA-to-Bluetooth adapter installed.

Before establishing a connection to the receiver via Bluetooth, makesure the module has Bluetooth power (Wireless Status LEDs blinksblue). If this LEDs do not blink, the user has to activate the receiverBluetooth module. To do it, set the connection between the computerand receiver using RS-232 cable (follow the steps 1-5 described inEstablishing an RS232 Cable Connection on page 2-10 ). Then click

icon in the main window and then click icon.

The Bluetooth dialog box displays:

NOTE

To set connection with GRX1receiver, do not checkthe External Receiver checkbox in the Connection

Parameters dialog box.

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Check the Bluetooth Power check box. Clicking OK will activate thereceiver Bluetooth module. Wireless Status LEDs will blink blue.

Close the connection between a receiver and computer/controller viaRS-232 cable (see step 6 described in Establishing an RS232 CableConnection on page 2-10 ).

After turning the power of Bluetooth module, this module will beactivated after turning On / Off the receiver.

To establish a connection to a receiver via Bluetooth, take thefollowing steps:

1. Press the power buttons on the receiver and computer to turnthem on.

2. Run GRX Utility.3. Click Device Application mode and select Receiver

Managing mode. This mode allows the computer/controller todetect the device connected to the port:

4. Click Device Connect . The Connection Parameters dialog boxdisplays. To establish a Bluetooth connection select Bluetooth in

the Connect Using field and click button to search the

devices with Bluetooth.

Figure 2-8. Searching Bluetooth Devices

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Collecting Almanacs and Ephemerides

P/N 7010-0965 2-13

5. After finishing the search of Bluetooth-enabled devices, select thedesired receiver in the Select Port dialog box and click OK . Toestablish the connection to the receiver, press the Connect buttonin the Connection Parameters dialog box. When detecting thereceiver, the Detecting Receiver dialog box displays.

Figure 2-9. Stages for connecting receiver and computer/controller via Bluetooth

6. To close the connection between the receiver and computer/

controller, click Device Disconnect :

Collecting Almanacs and

EphemeridesEach satellite broadcasts a navigation message that includes theephemeris parameters of the satellite, the almanac, and various otherinformation. The ephemeris parameters describe the orbital motion ofthe satellite and are used to predict its location/trajectory. Thealmanac gives the approximate orbit (course) for the transmittingsatellite and all other satellites in the same system.

GPS and GLONASS satellites broadcast ephemeris datacyclically, with a period of 30 seconds.

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GPS satellites broadcast almanac data cyclically with a period of12.5 minutes; GLONASS satellites broadcast almanac datacyclically with a period of 2.5 minutes.

If the receiver has an almanac, you can considerably reduce the timeneeded to search for and lock onto satellite signals.

The receiver regularly updates the almanac and ephemerides andstores the most recent versions in its Non-Volatile Random AccessMemory (NVRAM).

Perform the following to collect Alamac and Ephemerides data:

1. Set up the receiver in a location with a clear view of the sky.2. Turn on the receiver.3. Wait for about 15 minutes while the receiver collects complete

almanac and ephemeris data from the satellites.

You will need to collect or update the almanac and ephemerides underthe following circumstances:

If the receiver has been off for a long time.

If the last known receiver position, stored in the NVRAM, is

differ ent from the present position by several hundred kilometers. After loading a new OAF.

After loading new firmware.

After clearing the NVRAM.

Before surveying.

NOTICE

If 15 minutes have passed and the receiver does notlock onto satellites, clear the NVRAM. See

Browse for and select the receiver boards RAMfile and Flash file on page 5-8 for details.

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P/N 7010-0965

Chapter 3

3-1

GRX1 ConfigurationBoth Base and Rover receivers must be configured according to thesurvey method needed.

In applications where real-time positioning results are required,the Base receiver provides the correction information needed toproperly measure the location of the Rover receiver.A Base station is normally set up over a known point and collectsGPS/GLONASS data from satellites. As the receiver picks upsatellite data, it measures the carrier and code phases toaccurately compute and verify its location. Then, the receivertransmits this information via radio (UHF, GSM/GPRS, orCDMA) to the Rover receiver.

The Rover receiver applies correction information from the Basestation to its current location to accurately calculate one or morepoints.Rovers are mobile GPS receivers on a survey pole or bipod thatcompares the information from the Base station to the data it logsfrom satellites and applies correction algorithms to accuratelycalculate a new point.

In applications intended for post-processing, the receiverstypically log code phase and/or carrier phase measurementsseparately from common satellites and during the same timeinterval. This data is then processed using post-processingsoftware (for example, Spectrum Survey Office).

When configuring receivers for RTK surveying, use the followingchecklist to ensure the receivers are properly set up.

Perform pre-survey functions as described in Chapter 2 .

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Configure one receiver as an RTK Base station and the otherreceiver as an RTK Rover. See Configuring the Receiver onpage 3-8 .

For a UHF Modem see Configuring a Digital UHF RadioModem on page 3-5 :

Set up the Base receiver over a known point to begin collectingstatic observation data and transmitting corrections. Set up theRover receiver to begin collecting RTK data. See GRX1Receiver Setup on page 4-1 for more information.

When configur ing receivers for post-processing surveying, usethe following checklist to ensure the receivers are properly set up.

Perform pre-survey functions as described in Chapter 2 .

Configure one receiver as a Base station and the other receiver asa Rover. See Configuring the Receiver on page 3-8 .

Set up the Base receiver over a known point to begin collectingstatic observation data. Set up the Rover receiver to begincollecting static or kinematic observation data. See GRX1Receiver Setup on page 4-1 for more information. For moreinformation about kinematic, refer to Spectrum Survey Fieldreference manual

Managing the Radio ModemGRX Utility is Sokkias radio modem configuration utility formodems embedded in GRX receivers. GRX Utility provides thefollowing functions:

Connecting a computer to an integrated radio modem via a serialport or Bluetooth wireless technology.

Displaying information about the radio modem installed in thereceiver.

Programming the radio modems settings.

To configure the radio modem, have the following ready:

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Managing the Radio Modem

P/N 7010-0965 3-3

PC running Windows 2000 or newer

GRX Utility

A Serial cable or Bluetooth wireless technology capabilities

Connecting with the Radio Modem1. Turn on the receiver. Connect the computer and receiver using an

RS-232 cable or Bluetooth wireless technology.2. Open GRX Utility. Click Device Application Mode

Modem Managing . Then click Device Connect .

Figure 3-1. Modem Managing

3. Select the COM Port of the computer to which the receiver isconnected.

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GRX1 Configuration


4. Select the COM Port the receiver is connected to. Click OK .

Figure 3-2. Select COM Port

5. All internal modems for the GRX 1 are on port C. Select the Internal Modem check box and choose ser/c. Click Connect .

Figure 3-3. Connect ion Parameters

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P/N 7010-0965 3-5

6. GRX Utilities will search through port speeds and flow settingsuntil it finds the modem.

Figure 3-4. Detecting Modem

When the modem is found GRX Utility will return to the main screen.

Configuring a Digital UHF RadioModem

1. On the GRX Utility Main Screen in Modem Managing modedouble-click on the Settings icon to configure the GRX1 internalmodem.

Figure 3-5. Modem Managing

NOTICE

To comply with RF exposure requirements,maintain at least 25cm between the user and theradio modem.

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2. If you have a Digital UHF modem (other name Digital AW401),this screen will appear as the General tab to show information onthe modem model, and the product identification

Figure 3-6. Modem General Info rmation

3. Click on the Settings tab to open a list of settings of the modem(see Figure 3-7 on page 3-6 ). The settings list varies dependingon the modem model and possibly the firmware version.

The settings can be read-only (marked by the icon) or

changeable (marked by the icon).

Figure 3-7. UHF Modem Settings

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P/N 7010-0965 3-7

Mode displays whether the UHF or GSM/CDMA band is usedfor communication.

Baud rate select a baud rate for the modems serial port. You canadjust the baud rate. This is the flow rate on the serial port connectingthe modem to the GPS board. 38400 is the recommended rate withthis radio.

Flow Control controls the flow of data between the receiver andmodem. Enables software/hardware flow control.

Modulation selects a modulation type for the base radiomodem. For most applications the recommended setting isGMSK. Select either DBPSK if using the Simplex protocol or

GMSK if using Trimble or PDL. Protocol sets the protocol for data transmission. Select Simplex

(GMSK proprietary protocol) to work with Digital UHFcompatible modems. Note that the same protocol must be usedfor both the base and rover to communicate properly.

Repeater enables retransmission in the wireless cluster(Simplex only).

Power sets the transmission power for the base radio modem(from 10 mW to 1W).

Space sets the channel step.

Channel assigns an operating channel to the radio modem. Eachchannel uses a unique communication frequency. Select thedesired frequency from the channel list. Note that the samechannel must be used for both the base and rover to communicateproperly.

Scrambler provides more robust data communication over highinterference areas (must be used with GMSK).

WARNING

Do not attempt to use 115200 as this will cause themodem to stop communicating to the GPS board.You will have to return the unit to your Dealer for

Service.

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FEC (Forward Error Correction) Enable to maximize datacommunication. The rover radio modem has the capability tocheck and correct transmission errors (if any) in an incoming datastream.

Link Rate dependence on the modulation and the space value ispresented in Table 3-1 .

When finished configuring the radio modem, always disconnect fromGRX Utility before exiting to prevent conflicts with serial portmanagement.

If needed, launch GRX Utility and set up the receiver to run as anRTK Base station or RTK Rover.

Configuring the ReceiverThe GRX1 can be configured in several ways for collecting data forRTK or post-processing.

A static Base station collects measurement information and savesthis data to its internal memory.

Table 3-1. Link Rate vs Modulation and Space Value

Modulation Space Values 12.5 kHz 25 kHz

DBPSK(not recommended)

Differential Binary Phase Shift Keying

4.8 kbps 9.6 kbps

DQPSK Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

9.6 kbps 19.2 kbps

D8PSK(not recommended)

Eight Phase Shift Keying 14.4 kbps 28.8 kbps

16QAM(not recommended)

Sixteen Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

19.2 kbps 38.4 kbps

GMSK Minimal Shift Keying

with Gaussian Filtering

4.8 kbps 9.6 kbps

4FSK(not supported atthis time)

Four Level Frequency Shift Keying

9.6 kbps 19.2 kbps

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Configuring the Receiver

P/N 7010-0965 3-9

An RTK Base station collects measurement information,determines differential corrections, and transmits them to theRTK Rover(s).

A static Rover collects observation data from the same satellitesduring the same time interval as the static Base station.

An RTK Rover collects measurement information and acceptscorrections from the RTK Base station to compute its relativeposition.

To configure, manage files, or maintain the receiver, connect the

receiver and a computer using one of the following methods, and startGRX Utility:

use a Bluetooth-enabled external device (computer)

use an RS232 cable

GRX Utility is Sokkias GNSS receiver configuration software. Formore information on any of the procedures in this section or on GRXUtility, refer to the GRX Utility Reference Manual .

GRX Utility configures the various parts of the receiver, saving thesettings in the receivers memory. These settings will be reflectedwhen you use the LED Display Panel.

Once you have established a connection between the receiver and thecomputer, you can:

configure the receiver and its components

send commands to the receiver download files from the receivers memory

load a new OAF and other configuration files to a receiver

The following Base and Rover configurations are recommended forthe most common applications; however, you can select configurationparameters as needed for your particular jobsite.

WARNING

Do not make other changes without consulting theGRX Utility Reference Manual .

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GRX1 Configuration


1. Connect the receiver and computer as described in Connectingthe Receiver and a Computer on page 2-9 .

2. Start GRX Utility on your computer. The GRX Utility mainscreen displays (GRX Util ity). Initially the tools are inactive.

Figure 3-8. GRX Utility Main Screen

3. Select Device Application Mode Receiver Managing .4. Click Device Connect .5. On the Connection Parameters dialog box, select the following

parameters:

Connect Using select either Serial Port or Bluetooth device forcommunication.

Port name shows physical and friendly name for the port. TheApplication remembers the last used transport, and the last

NOTICE

Bluetooth transport may not be available in thefollowing situations: the device-specific Bluetoothstack is not supported by the Application, or theBluetooth power is turned off. If the Bluetoothpower is off, please turn on the Bluetooth powerbefore using the Bluetooth manager.

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P/N 7010-0965 3-11

successful port/device name for every transport, so it is easy toconnect to the same device.

If necessary, use the list button on the right of the Port name fieldto choose a port from the Select a Port dialog.6. Click C onnect (Figure 3-9 ).

Figure 3-9. Connection Parameters

Once a GRX Utility connection with the receiver has beenestablished, the Tools become active ( Figure 3-10 ).

Figure 3-10. GRX Util ity Connection Established

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GRX1 Configuration


7. Select Receiver Settings icon. Then use the Receiver Settingsicons to configure the connected receiver.

Figure 3-11. Receiver Settings

8. Click the Tracking icon, and set the antenna type used with theconnected receiver ( Figure 3-12 ).

Figure 3-12. Set Antenna Usage

9. Click the Observation tab, and set the Elevation mask to 15degrees for satellites tracking and position computation

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P/N 7010-0965 3-13

(Figure 3-13 ), also the PDOP mask for position computation,then click OK .

Figure 3-13. Confi gure Receiver Positioning Elevation Mask

10. Click the Advanced tab. Set the following parameters, and clickOK (Figure 3-14 on page 3-14 ).

Anti-jamming if available for the connected receiver, enablessuppression of narrow-band interference for GPS, GLONASS,L1, L2 signals, for auto-detected or manually selected bandsaffected by interference.

C/A code multipath reduction when selected, enables the use ofa special signal processing technique for reduction of C/A codephase multipath.

C/A carrier phase multi path reduction when selected, enablesthe use of a special signal processing technique for reduction ofC/A carrier phase multipath.

Cinderella when selected, enables the Cinderella option whichsets all receiver options to their maximum allowable values for 24hours every other Tuesday at GPS midnight.

Static Co-Op tracking when selected, allows only the staticreceiver to use satellites with lower signal-to-noise ratios. Useonly if the receivers antenna remains completely stationarythroughout the survey. Any movement may result in losing thesatellite lock.

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Figure 3-14. Configure Advanced Parameters

11. For the Base receiver, click the Auto Seed icon, and set thefollowing parameters ( Figure 3-15 on page 3-15 ), then click OK .

Enable Auto Seed (not recommended for survey users) : whenselected, enables the Auto-Seed functionality for the basereceiver. Auto-seed feature will provide users the ability toquickly setup and begin RTK operations without using anexternal interface to localize the base receiver. The user willsimply set up over a mark and power up. The base receiver willautomatically select a new position gathered by autonomousaveraging and save it for later re-occupation.

Maximum distance : if the point has been previously occupied andthe receiver position falls within proper tolerance, it will select apoint from positions stored in memory.

Enable averaging mode : select to enable averaging autonomouspositions for a occupation point with the interval set in thePosition averaging interval field in seconds.

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Figure 3-15. Base Configuration

Click View the point list to open a list of previous occupationssaved in the receiver memory. This Auto Seed, Point List containsinformation about all occupations which stored in the receivermemory: names, date and time, coordinates of phase center and/ or antenna reference point, whether the point was autodetermined and protected from deleting. For details onconfiguring the Auto Seed functionality, refer to the GRX Utility

Reference Manual .12. For the Rover receiver, click the Positioning icon, and set the

following parameters, then click OK (Figure 3-16 on page 3-16 ).

Positioning Mode For post-processed surveys, selectStandalone; for RTK surveys, select RTK float or RTK fixed.

Enable Solutions select solutions used in positioncomputation.Standalone where the receiver computes 3Dcoordinates in autonomous mode without using differentialcorrections.

Code differential where the Rover receiver computes thecurrent relative coordinate in differential mode using onlypseudo ranges.

RTK float where the Rover receiver computes the currentrelative coordinates in differential mode using both pseudo

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ranges and phases; however, with a float solution, the phaseambiguity is not a fixed integer number and the floatestimate is used instead.

RTK fixed where the Rover receiver computes currentrelative coordinates, with ambiguity fixing, in differentialmode.

Figure 3-16. Rover Configuration

13. For RTK surveys, click the Ports icon and set the following portparameters for the serial port, then click OK (Figure 3-17 onpage 3-17 ).

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Figure 3-17. Ports Configuration

14. Click OK to save the settings and close the dialog box. Once thereceiver is configured, the configuration will remain until youchange it using GRX Utility or clearing the NVRAM. For moredetails on the settings available for configuring receivers, refer tothe GRX Utility Reference Manual .

15. For RTK Rover receivers, click the Status icon (Figure 3-19 onpage 3-21) to ensure the receiver obtains differential corrections.Usually, the receiver will start to output the coordinates of theantennas phase center along with the solution type within 1030seconds. However, spread spectrum radios and GSM phones maytake as long as 60 seconds to synchronize.The Data Link tab reflects the status of the received differentialmessages and contains the following information:

Data link quality in percentage Time (in seconds) elapsed since the last received message Total number of received correct messages (dependent on the

message type received)

NOTICEFor post-processed surveys, keep the default valuesfor these parameters.

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Total number of received corrupt messages (dependent on themessage type received)

If the receiver is not (for some reason) receiving differentialcorrections, or if none of the ports has been configured to receivedifferential corrections, the Link Quality field will either beempty or it will show 100%.

Figure 3-18. Status - Data Link

16. Continue with other configuration activities or click Device Disconnect , then Device Exit to quit GRX Utility.Disconnecting before exiting ensures proper port management.

Sokkias configuration and surveying software, Spectrum SurveyField, also has the ability to configure Sokkia receivers. Refer to theSpectrum Survey Field Reference Manual or Spectrum Survey FieldUsers Manual for details.

NOTICE

Disconnect the receiver from GRX Utility beforeexiting to eliminate possible conflicts with themanagement of the computers serial ports.

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Chapter 4

4-1

GRX1 Receiver SetupAfter receiver survey configuration, set up each receiver, measure itsheight, and begin surveying. The LED Display Panel provides quickaccess for: logging data, changing receiver modes, and viewinggeneral data logging and satellite information during a survey.

Receiver SetupA typical GPS survey system consists of a Base station set up over aknown point and a Rover receiver set up to be a mobile data collector.After setting up the Base and Rover receivers, the antenna heightmust be measured.

Before collecting data, make sure the Base and Rover receiverscontain a current almanac and current ephemeris data (see CollectingAlmanacs and Ephemerides on page 2-13 ).

Step 1: Set up the ReceiversThe Base station must be set up, logging data, and transmitting data

before setting up the Rover receiver. Receiver setup for either post-processing or RTK surveys is the same.

Set up the Base station and its components.

See To set up the Base receiver on page 4-1 for details.

Set up the Rover receiver.

See To set up the Rover receiver on page 4-3 for details.

To set up the Base receiver (Figure 4-1 ):

1. Install a tripod over a known control point.
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2. Secure the universal tribrach to the tripod. Place the tribrachadapter on the tribrach and tighten the screws.

3. Insert the horizontal spacer into the precision tribrach adapter.4. Attach the 10cm spacer to the horizontal spacer.5. Attach the GRX1 receiver to the 10cm spacer.6. Attach the antenna to the antenna connector.7. Carefully level the tripod and tighten the screws.8. Attach any other accessories as needed (for example, a backup

power supply).

Figure 4-1. Install Tripod and Receiver over Control Point

GRX1 Receiver

Tribrach Adapter (Precision)

Universal Tribrach

Horizontal Spacer

10cm Spacer

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To set up the Rover receiver (Figure 4-2 on page 4-3 ):

1. Attach the GRX1 receiver to the top of the rover pole with5/8x11 thread. Make sure that the receiver is securely affixedto the top of the rover pole.

2. Attach the GRX1 receiver to the top of the rover pole with 5/8x11thread. Make sure that the receiver is affixed to the top of therover pole securely.

Figure 4-2. Connect GRX1 Receiver to Bipod

NOTICE

Use a bipod during post-process surveys to ensurethe antenna/receiver does not move during datalogging.

Lock

5/8 Inch Screw

GRX1 Receiver
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Step 2: Measure Antenna HeightThe location of the antenna relative to the point being measured is

very important for both surveys in which the elevation of the points isimportant and in surveys for horizontal location only. Horizontalsurveys are often larger in area than can reliably fit on a flat plane,therefore the antenna adjustment must be done in three dimensionsand then projected onto a two dimensional plane.

The receiver calculates the coordinates of the antennas phase center.To determine the coordinates of the station marker, specify the

following: Measured height of the antenna above the station marker

Method of measuring the antenna height

Model of the antenna used

Antennas have two types of measurements:

Vertical measured from the marker to the antenna reference

point (ARP) located on the bottom of the receiver at the base ofthe mounting threads.

Slant measured from the marker to the lower edge of theantenna slant height measure mark (SHMM) located on both endpanels of the receiver.

The surveying point that GPS/GLONASS measures is called thePhase Center of the antenna. The Phase Center is analogous to thepoint that a distance meter measures in a prism. Enter the prismoffset to compensate for this point not being at a physical surface ofthe prism. For a GPS/GLONASS antenna, the offset entered dependson the type of measurement taken.

For vertical, the offset is simply added to the measured verticalheight to produce a true vertical height.

For slant height, the vertical height must first be calculated usingthe radius of the antenna, then the offset can be added.

The offsets are different because of the difference in location betweenthe slant measuring point and the vertical measuring point.

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1. Measure the antenna height above the control point or marker,either the slant height or the vertical height(Figure 4-3 on page 4-5 ).

2. Record the antenna height, point name, and start time in the fieldnotes.

Figure 4-3. Antenna Offset Measurements

L: Slant Height from maker to tape anchor point H': vertical Height from marker to SHMM

H1: Antenna Height (H1 = H' + 50.9mm) H2: Vertical Height to ARP (H2 = H' 55.2mm)

89.0mm

55.2mm

H2

LH

H1

89.0mm

50.9mm

55.2mm

H2

LH

H1
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Static Surveying for BaseStations

Static surveying is the classic survey method, well suited for all kindsof baselines (short, medium, long). At least two receiver antennas,plumbed over survey marks, simultaneously collect raw data at eachend of a baseline during a certain period of time. These two receiverstrack four or more common satellites, have a common data loggingrate (530 seconds), and the same elevation mask angles. The lengthof the observation sessions can vary from a few minutes to severalhours. The optimal observation session length depends on thesurveyors experience as well as the following factors:

The length of the baseline measured

The number of satellites in view

The satellite geometry (DOP)

The antennas location

The ionospheric activity level

The types of receivers used

The accuracy requirements

The necessity of resolving carrier phase ambiguities

Generally, single-frequency receivers are used for baselines whoselengths do not exceed 15 kilometers (9.32 miles). For baselines of 15kilometers or greater, use dual-frequency receivers.

Dual-frequency receivers have two major benefits. First, dual-frequency receivers can estimate and remove almost all ionosphericeffect from the code and carrier phase measurements, providing muchgreater accuracy than single-frequency receivers over long baselines

Table 4-1. Phase Center Measur ement

To L1 Phase Center To L2 Phase Center

Up 106.1mm 102.3mm

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Kinematic (Stop & Go) Surveying for Rover Stations

P/N 7010-0965 4-7

or during ionospheric storms. Secondly, dual-frequency receiversneed less observation time to reach the required accuracy.

After the survey completes, data the receivers collect can bedownloaded onto a computer and processed using post-processingsoftware (for example, Spectrum Survey Field).

Kinematic (Stop & Go)Surveying for Rover StationsFor kinematic stop and go survey, refer to the Spectrum Survey Field

Reference Manual .

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Notes:

4-8

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Chapter 5

5-1

Receiver and FileMaintenanceIf post-processing the data after completing a survey, the data in the

receivers memory needs to download to a computer. Downloadingand deleting files prepares the receivers memory for the next survey.Occasionally, the receivers NVRAM may need to be cleared toeliminate communication or tracking problems.

As project expectations expand, the receivers OAF may need to beupdated to provide expanded operation and functionality. The variousboards inside the receiver (GPS, power, modem, and Bluetooth)

require firmware to properly operate and provide appropriatefunctionality. As Sokkia releases firmware updates, loading theseupdates into the receiver will ensure the receiver operates at its fullpotential.

Downloading Files to a

ComputerDownloading Files via GRX UtilityGRX Utility allows one to download files to your computer and todelete files from the receiver.

1. Connect your receiver and computer. Open GRX Utility. See

Connecting the Receiver and a Computer on page 2-9 for thisprocedure.

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2. Click icon in the main window. The File Explorer

dialog box displays all logged raw data files ( Figure 5-1 ).

Figure 5-1. File Explorer Dialog Window

3. To save a file into the computer, highlight a desired file, rightclick and select Download from the pop up menu. In the Save As

dialog box navigate to or create a folder in which to downloadand store file ( Figure 5-2 ). Click the Save button to download thefile.

Figure 5-2. Download a File
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Deleting Files from the Receiver Using GRX Utility

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4. When the process of transferring the file(s) from the receiver tothe computer begins, the Downloading window displays thedownload in progress.

Figure 5-3. Downloading in Progress

Deleting Files from the

Receiver Using GRX UtilityTo delete files from your receiver, perform steps 1and 2 described inDownloading Files to a Computer on page 5-1 . Then highlight adesired file in the File Explorer dialog box, right click and select

Delete from the pop up menu. Click the Yes button to confirm ofdeletion.

Figure 5-4. Deletion of a File

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Using the Power Button toDeleting FilesAll files stored on SD/SDHC card are deleted when the power buttonis pressed for 20 seconds and released in less than 25 seconds (seeerase memory description in Table 1-2 on page 1-15 ).

Managing Receiver MemoryWhen using the receiver in static or dynamic applications, you mayneed to know the amount of memory the receivers log file occupies.The specific memory size depends on the type of data being recorded.Use the formulas below to compute the approximate size of thereceivers log files. These equations are based on the default set ofmessages.

SS the estimated size of one epoch of raw data in the receiverslog file (expressed in bytes).

N the number of observed satellites per epoch.

When recording only L1 data:SS = 183 + 22*N

When recording L1 and L2 data:SS = 230 + 44*N

Managing Receiver OptionsThe Option Authorization File enables certain functions, features, and

options in the receiver, such as the following: the type of signal (L1, L1/L2, and so on) the receiver processes

the amount of data the receiver stores in the memory

the rate at which data is transmitted or received

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For a complete list of available options and details, consult with yourSokkia dealer.

Checking the Receivers OAFUse GRX Utility to view the status of the receivers options.

1. Connect your receiver and computer. Open GRX Utility. SeeConnecting the Receiver and a Computer on page 2-9 for thisprocedure.

2. Click

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7010-0965 - GRX1 OM.pdf