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Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology (9BI01) First examination 2014 Issue 5 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ GCE Biology

6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

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Page 1: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01)First examination 2014

Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology (9BI01)First examination 2014

Issue 5

6SHFL¿FDWLRQGCE Biology

Page 2: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE
Page 3: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

Edexcel GCE in Biology – Foreword

(GH[FHO�LV�GHOLJKWHG�WKDW�WKLV�VSHFL¿FDWLRQ�KDV�EHHQ�GHYHORSHG�LQ�FROODERUDWLRQ�ZLWK�WKH�6DOWHUV�1XI¿HOG�$GYDQFHG�%LRORJ\�SURMHFW��ZKLFK�OHDGV�WKH�¿HOG�LQ�LQQRYDWLYH�DSSURDFKHV�to teaching and learning in biology at A level.

6DOWHUV�1XI¿HOG�$GYDQFHG�%LRORJ\�LV�D�FROODERUDWLRQ�EHWZHHQ�WZR�PDMRU�IRUFHV�IRU�innovation in science education: the University of York Science Education Group and the 1XI¿HOG�)RXQGDWLRQ��%RWK�KDYH�D�ORQJ�DQG�GLVWLQJXLVKHG�KLVWRU\�RI�VHPLQDO�FXUULFXOXP�SURMHFWV�LQ�VFLHQFH�DQG�KDYH�FRPELQHG�WKHLU�H[SHULHQFH�WR�GHYHORS�D�ELRORJ\�FRXUVH�ZKLFK�PHHWV�WKH�QHHGV�RI�WRGD\¶V�VWXGHQWV�

7KH�6DOWHUV�1XI¿HOG�SURMHFW�KDV�H[WHQVLYHO\�SLORWHG�LWV�QHZ�DSSURDFK�RYHU�D�QXPEHU�RI�\HDUV��0DQ\�NH\�HOHPHQWV�RI�WKLV�DSSURDFK��VXFK�DV�VWXG\LQJ�WKH�FRQWHPSRUDU\�VRFLDO�DQG�HWKLFDO�FRQWH[W�RI�WKH�ELRORJLFDO�VFLHQFHV��DUH�QRZ�SDUW�RI�WKH�+RZ�6FLHQFH�:RUNV�VWUDQG�UHTXLUHG�LQ�DOO�$�OHYHO�6FLHQFH�VSHFL¿FDWLRQV��(GH[FHO�*&(�LQ�ELRORJ\�KDV�EHQH¿WHG�HQRUPRXVO\�IURP�WKH�H[SHUWLVH�EXLOW�XS�E\�WKH�6DOWHUV�1XI¿HOG�SURMHFW�LQ�LQFRUSRUDWLQJ�HIIHFWLYHO\�WKLV�LPSRUWDQW�QHZ�DVSHFW�RI�$�OHYHO�ELRORJ\�LQ�WKLV�VSHFL¿FDWLRQ�

7KH�6DOWHUV�1XI¿HOG�SURMHFW�VXSSRUWV�VWXGHQWV�DQG�WHDFKHUV�ZLWK�,16(7�DQG�UHVRXUFHV�LQ�DGGLWLRQ�WR�WKH�VXSSRUW�RIIHUHG�E\�WKH�(GH[FHO�WHDP��7KH�SURMHFW�UHWDLQV�WKH�FRQWHPSRUDU\�WRSLFDOLW\�RI�WKH�FRXUVH�E\�D�ZHEVLWH�ZKLFK�LV�NHSW�XS�WR�GDWH�ZLWK�QHZV�RI�QHZ�GLVFRYHULHV��DSSOLFDWLRQV�DQG�FRQWURYHUVLHV�IRU�XVH�E\�WHDFKHUV�DQG�VWXGHQWV��7KLV�HQDEOHV�VWXGHQWV�DQG�WHDFKHUV�WR�QRW�RQO\�DGRSW�D�FRXUVH�ZKLFK�LV�LQQRYDWLYH�LQ�DOO�UHVSHFWV�EXW�DOVR�IXOO\�XS�WR�GDWH�DQG�DOZD\V�IRUZDUG�ORRNLQJ�

(GH[FHO� 1XI¿HOG�)RXQGDWLRQ� 8QLYHUVLW\�RI�<RUN

Page 4: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE
Page 5: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

1Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Introduction

About this specification

The Edexcel GCE in Biology is designed for use in schools and colleges. It is a part of a suite of GCE TXDOL¿FDWLRQV�RIIHUHG�E\�(GH[FHO�

Flexible and inspiring7KH�(GH[FHO�*&(�%LRORJ\�VSHFL¿FDWLRQ�KDV�EHHQ�GHVLJQHG�WR�HQJDJH�DQG�LQVSLUH�VWXGHQWV�E\�VKRZLQJ�KRZ�DQ�understanding of many contemporary issues requires a grasp of fundamental biological ideas.

It offers centres a choice of WZR�ZHOO�SURYHQ�WHDFKLQJ�DQG�OHDUQLQJ�VW\OHV�ZLWKLQ�RQH common assessment structure.

7KH�WZR�DSSURDFKHV�WR�WKH�FRQWHQW�RI�WKH�VSHFL¿FDWLRQ�DUH�

� D�FRQFHSW�OHG�DSSURDFK��7KLV�DSSURDFK�EHJLQV�ZLWK�D�VWXG\�RI�WKH�ODZV��WKHRULHV�DQG�PRGHOV�RI�ELRORJ\�DQG�¿QLVKHV�ZLWK�DQ�H[SORUDWLRQ�RI�WKHLU�SUDFWLFDO�DSSOLFDWLRQV

� D�FRQWH[W�OHG�WRSLF�DSSURDFK��7KLV�DSSURDFK�EHJLQV�ZLWK�WKH�FRQVLGHUDWLRQ�RI�DQ�DSSOLFDWLRQ�WKDW�GUDZV�RQ�PDQ\�GLIIHUHQW�DUHDV�RI�ELRORJ\��DQG�WKHQ�PRYHV�RQ�WR�WKH�ELRORJLFDO�FRQFHSWV�XQGHUO\LQJ�WKLV�DSSOLFDWLRQ�

7KH�GHVLJQ�RI�WKLV�DSSURDFK�LV�EDVHG�RQ�WKH�6DOWHUV�1XI¿HOG�$GYDQFHG�%LRORJ\�3URMHFW�

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Manageable and well supported7KLV�VSHFL¿FDWLRQ�KDV�D�UHDOLVWLF��PDQDJHDEOH�OHYHO�RI�FRQWHQW�DQG�DVVHVVPHQW��2QH�XQLW�LQ�HDFK�RI�$6�DQG�$��is an internally assessed practical unit and extensive support for the practical assessment is available.

%RWK�WHDFKLQJ�DSSURDFKHV�DUH�ZHOO�UHVRXUFHG�ZLWK�FXVWRPLVHG�SXEOLVKHG�PDWHULDOV�LQFOXGLQJ�FRXUVH�WH[WV�DQG�RQOLQH�VXSSRUW��,Q�DGGLWLRQ��WKH�6DOWHUV�1XI¿HOG�$GYDQFHG�%LRORJ\�SURMHFW�WHDP�DW�WKH�8QLYHUVLW\�RI�<RUN�RUJDQLVHV�FRXUVHV�IRU�WHDFKHUV�DQG�WHFKQLFLDQV�ZKR�VXSSRUW�WKLV�VSHFL¿FDWLRQ��DQG�DOVR�SURYLGHV�DQ�DGYLFH�VHUYLFH�WR�KHOS�ZLWK�TXHVWLRQV�FRQFHUQLQJ�WKH�WHDFKLQJ�RI�WKH�FRXUVH�

Supporting you

(GH[FHO�DLPV�WR�SURYLGH�WKH�PRVW�FRPSUHKHQVLYH�VXSSRUW�IRU�RXU�TXDOL¿FDWLRQV��:H�KDYH�WKHUHIRUH�SXEOLVKHG�RXU�RZQ�GHGLFDWHG�VXLWH�RI�UHVRXUFHV�IRU�WHDFKHUV�DQG�VWXGHQWV�ZULWWHQ�E\�TXDOL¿FDWLRQ�H[SHUWV��:H�DOVR�HQGRUVH�D�ZLGH�UDQJH�RI�PDWHULDOV�IURP�RWKHU�SXEOLVKHUV�WR�JLYH�\RX�D�FKRLFH�RI�DSSURDFK�

)RU�PRUH�LQIRUPDWLRQ�RQ�RXU�ZLGH�UDQJH�RI�VXSSRUW�DQG�VHUYLFHV�IRU�WKLV�*&(�LQ�%LRORJ\�TXDOL¿FDWLRQ��YLVLW�RXU�*&(�ZHEVLWH��ZZZ�HGH[FHO�FRP�JFH�����

Specification updates7KLV�VSHFL¿FDWLRQ�LV�,VVXH���DQG�LV�YDOLG�IRU�H[DPLQDWLRQ�IURP�6XPPHU�������,I�WKHUH�DUH�DQ\�VLJQL¿FDQW�FKDQJHV�WR�WKH�VSHFL¿FDWLRQ�(GH[FHO�ZLOO�ZULWH�WR�FHQWUHV�WR�OHW�WKHP�NQRZ��&KDQJHV�ZLOO�DOVR�EH�SRVWHG�RQ�RXU�ZHEVLWH�

)RU�PRUH�LQIRUPDWLRQ�SOHDVH�YLVLW�ZZZ�HGH[FHO�FRP�RU�ZZZ�HGH[FHO�FRP�JFH����

Page 6: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

2

Contents

Contents © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

A Specification at a glance 4

B Specification overview 8

Summary of assessment requirements 8

Assessment objectives and weightings 10

Relationship of assessment objectives to units 10

Qualification summary 10

How Science Works 13

C Biology unit content 15

Course structure 16

Introduction to the context and concept approaches 17

Introduction to the recommended core practicals 17

Concept-led approach 19

Unit 1 Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health 21

Unit 2 Development, Plants and the Environment 27

Unit 4 The Natural Environment and Species Survival 33

Unit 5 Energy, Exercise and Coordination 39

Context-led approach based on the Salters-Nuffield Advanced Biology Project 45

Unit 1 Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health 47

Unit 2 Development, Plants and the Environment 55

Unit 4 The Natural Environment and Species Survival 61

Unit 5 Energy, Exercise and Coordination 67

Page 7: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

Contents

3Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Contents

Generic unit (Concept and Context) 75

Unit 3 Practical Biology and Research Skills 77

Unit 6 Practical Biology and Investigative Skills 85

D Assessment and additional information 97

Assessment information 97

Additional information 101

E Resources, support and training 103

Resources to support the specification 103

Edexcel’s own published resources 103

Edexcel publications 104

Additional resources endorsed by Edexcel 104

Edexcel support services 106

Training 107

F Appendices 109

Appendix 1 Performance descriptions 111

Appendix 2 Glossary of terms used 117

Appendix 3 How Science Works mapping 121

Appendix 4 Wider curriculum 129

Appendix 5 Codes 131

Appendix 6 Further resources and support 133

Appendix 7 Mathematical requirements 135

Page 8: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

4 Section A © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

A Specification at a glance

AS Unit 1: Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health *Unit code 6BI01

� Externally assessed

� Availability: June

40%

RI�WKH�WRWDO�$6�PDUNV

����RI�WKH�WRWDO�GCE

PDUNV

&RQWHQW�VXPPDU\�

� VWUXFWXUH�DQG�IXQFWLRQ�RI�FDUERK\GUDWHV��OLSLGV�DQG�SURWHLQV��HQ]\PH�DFWLRQ

� VWUXFWXUH�DQG�SURSHUWLHV�RI�FHOO�PHPEUDQHV��SDVVLYH�DQG�DFWLYH�WUDQVSRUW

� structure and role of DNA and RNA

� UHSOLFDWLRQ��SURWHLQ�V\QWKHVLV

� monohybrid inheritance

� gene mutations

� SULQFLSOHV�RI�JHQH�WKHUDS\��VRFLDO�DQG�HWKLFDO�LVVXHV�

$VVHVVPHQW:

7KLV�XQLW�LV�DVVHVVHG�E\�PHDQV�RI�D�ZULWWHQ�H[DPLQDWLRQ�SDSHU��ZKLFK�ODVWV���KRXU�30 minutes.

Page 9: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

Specification at a glance A

5Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section A

AS Unit 2: Development, Plants and the Environment *Unit code 6BI02

� Externally assessed

� Availability: June

40%

RI�WKH�WRWDO�$6�PDUNV

����RI�WKH�WRWDO�GCE

PDUNV

&RQWHQW�VXPPDU\:

� cell structure and ultrastructure of eukaryote and prokaryote cells: cell specialisation

� the role of meiosis

� JHQRW\SH�DQG�HQYLURQPHQWDO�LQÀXHQFH

� stem cell research and its implications

� ELRGLYHUVLW\��DGDSWDWLRQV�DQG�QDWXUDO�VHOHFWLRQ�

� principles of taxonomy

� plant cell structure

� WUDQVSRUW�RI�ZDWHU�LQ�SODQWV

� uses of plant products.

$VVHVVPHQW:

7KLV�XQLW�LV�DVVHVVHG�E\�PHDQV�RI�D�ZULWWHQ�H[DPLQDWLRQ�SDSHU��ZKLFK�ODVWV���KRXU�30 minutes.

Page 10: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

A Specification at a glance

6 Section A © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

AS Unit 3: Practical Biology and Research Skills *Unit code 6BI03

� Internally assessed

� Availability: June

20%

RI�WKH�WRWDO�$6�PDUNV

����RI�WKH�WRWDO�GCE

PDUNV

6XPPDU\:

6WXGHQWV�ZULWH�D�UHSRUW��HLWKHU�D�UHFRUG�RI�D�YLVLW�WR�D�VLWH�RI�ELRORJLFDO�LQWHUHVW�RU�D�report of research into a biological topic.

6WXGHQWV¶�SUDFWLFDO�VNLOOV�ZLOO�EH�DVVHVVHG�E\�WKH�WHDFKHU�DJDLQVW�FULWHULD�SURYLGHG�LQ�WKH�VSHFL¿FDWLRQ��3OHDVH�VHH�8QLW���6HFWLRQ�����3DUW����3UDFWLFDO�ELRORJ\�VNLOOV�RQ�SDJH����

$VVHVVPHQW:

7HDFKHUV�KDYH�WKH�RSWLRQ�RI�PDUNLQJ�WKH�UHSRUW�DQG�KDYLQJ�LW�PRGHUDWHG�E\�(GH[FHO��RU�KDYLQJ�LW�H[WHUQDOO\�PDUNHG�E\�(GH[FHO��7KH�ZRUN�PXVW�UHÀHFW�WKH�VWDQGDUG�DW�Advanced Subsidiary level.

A2 Unit 4: The Natural Environment and Species Survival *Unit code 6BI04

� Externally assessed

� Availability: June

40%

RI�WKH�WRWDO�$��PDUNV

����RI�WKH�WRWDO�GCE

PDUNV

&RQWHQW�VXPPDU\:

� SKRWRV\QWKHVLV��HQHUJ\�WUDQVIHU�ZLWKLQ�HFRV\VWHPV�

� HYLGHQFH�IRU�JOREDO�ZDUPLQJ

� evolution through natural selection and speciation

� nutrient recycling

� '1$�SUR¿OLQJ�DQG�3&5

� structure of bacteria and viruses

� infectious diseases (eg AIDS and TB) and immunology.

$VVHVVPHQW:

7KLV�XQLW�LV�DVVHVVHG�E\�PHDQV�RI�D�ZULWWHQ�H[DPLQDWLRQ�SDSHU��ZKLFK�ODVWV���KRXU�30 minutes.

Page 11: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

Specification at a glance A

7Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section A

A2 Unit 5: Energy, Exercise and Coordination *Unit code 6BI05

� Externally assessed

� Availability: June

40%

RI�WKH�WRWDO�$��PDUNV

����RI�WKH�WRWDO�GCE

PDUNV

&RQWHQW�VXPPDU\:

� $73��JO\FRO\VLV��DQDHURELF�DHURELF�UHVSLUDWLRQ

� FRQWURO�DQG�IXQFWLRQLQJ�RI�KHDUW��YHQWLODWLRQ�DQG�FDUGLDF�RXWSXW

� homeostasis

� the nervous system

� LPSDFW�RI�H[HUFLVH�RQ�ERG\��DQG�LPSURYLQJ�SHUIRUPDQFH

� hormonal coordination

� brain structure and development

� imbalances in brain chemicals

� +XPDQ�*HQRPH�3URMHFW�

$VVHVVPHQW:

7KLV�XQLW�LV�DVVHVVHG�E\�PHDQV�RI�D�ZULWWHQ�H[DPLQDWLRQ�SDSHU��ZKLFK�ODVWV���KRXU�45 minutes.

A2 Unit 6: Practical Biology and Investigative Skills *Unit code 6BI06

� Internally assessed

� Availability: June

20%

RI�WKH�WRWDO�$��PDUNV

����RI�WKH�WRWDO�GCE

PDUNV

6XPPDU\:

6WXGHQWV�ZLOO�FRPSOHWH�D�ZULWWHQ�UHSRUW�RI�DQ�H[SHULPHQWDO�LQYHVWLJDWLRQ��ZKLFK�WKH\�have devised and carried out.

$VVHVVPHQW:

Teachers have the option of marking the report or having it externally marked by (GH[FHO��7KH�ZRUN�PXVW�UHÀHFW�WKH�VWDQGDUG�H[SHFWHG�DW�$GYDQFHG�*&(�OHYHO�

* See Appendix 5 IRU�GHVFULSWLRQ�RI�WKLV�FRGH�DQG�DOO�RWKHU�FRGHV�UHOHYDQW�WR�WKLV�TXDOL¿FDWLRQ�

Page 12: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

8 Section B © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

B Specification overview

Summary of assessment requirements

8QLW�QXPEHU�DQG�XQLW�WLWOH� /HYHO $VVHVVPHQW�LQIRUPDWLRQ 1XPEHU�RI�PDUNV�DOORFDWHG�LQ�WKH�XQLW

8QLW����/LIHVW\OH��7UDQVSRUW��*HQHV�DQG�+HDOWK

AS 7KLV�XQLW�LV�DVVHVVHG�E\�PHDQV�RI�D�ZULWWHQ�H[DPLQDWLRQ�SDSHU��ZKLFK�ODVWV���KRXU����PLQXWHV�DQG�ZLOO�LQFOXGH�

� REMHFWLYH�TXHVWLRQV�

� structured questions

� VKRUW�DQVZHU�TXHVWLRQV

DQG�ZLOO�DOVR�FRYHU�

� How Science Works

� practical-related questions.

80 marks

8QLW����'HYHORSPHQW��3ODQWV�and the Environment

AS 7KLV�XQLW�LV�DVVHVVHG�E\�PHDQV�RI�D�ZULWWHQ�H[DPLQDWLRQ�SDSHU��ZKLFK�ODVWV���KRXU����PLQXWHV�DQG�ZLOO�LQFOXGH�

� REMHFWLYH�TXHVWLRQV�

� structured questions

� VKRUW�DQVZHU�TXHVWLRQV�

DQG�ZLOO�DOVR�FRYHU�

� How Science Works

� practical-related questions.

80 marks

Unit 3: Practical Biology and Research Skills

AS 6WXGHQWV�ZLOO�VXEPLW�D�ZULWWHQ�UHSRUW�RI�EHWZHHQ������DQG������ZRUGV�ZKLFK�ZLOO�EH�PDUNHG�by the teacher and moderated by Edexcel or externally marked by Edexcel. The report may be either a record of a visit to a site of biological interest or a report of research into a biological topic.

During the course of teaching Units 1 and 2 WHDFKHUV�ZLOO�REVHUYH�VWXGHQWV�FDUU\LQJ�RXW�SUDFWLFDO�ZRUN�DQG�ZLOO�EH�UHTXLUHG�WR�VXEPLW�D�YHUL¿FDWLRQ�RI�SUDFWLFDO�VNLOOV�UHFRUG�EDVHG�RQ�WKH�UHFRPPHQGHG�FRUH�SUDFWLFDOV�±�VHH�SDJH����

There is no separate content for this unit.

40 marks

Unit 4: The Natural Environment and Species Survival

A2 7KLV�XQLW�LV�DVVHVVHG�E\�PHDQV�RI�D�ZULWWHQ�H[DPLQDWLRQ�SDSHU��ZKLFK�ODVWV���KRXU����PLQXWHV�DQG�ZLOO�LQFOXGH�

� practical–related questions

� structured questions

� VKRUW�DQVZHU�TXHVWLRQV

DQG�ZLOO�DOVR�FRYHU�

� How Science Works

� practical-related questions.

90 marks

Page 13: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

Specification overview B

9Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section B

8QLW�QXPEHU�DQG�XQLW�WLWOH� /HYHO $VVHVVPHQW�LQIRUPDWLRQ 1XPEHU�RI�PDUNV�DOORFDWHG�LQ�WKH�XQLW

8QLW����(QHUJ\��([HUFLVH�DQG�Coordination

A2 7KLV�XQLW�LV�DVVHVVHG�E\�PHDQV�RI�D�ZULWWHQ�H[DPLQDWLRQ�SDSHU��ZKLFK�ODVWV���KRXU����PLQXWHV�DQG�ZLOO�LQFOXGH��REMHFWLYH�TXHVWLRQV�

� structured questions

� VKRUW�DQVZHU�TXHVWLRQV�

DQG�ZLOO�DOVR�FRYHU�

� How Science Works

� practical-related questions.

$�WKLUG�RI�WKH�PDUNV�LV�UHODWHG�WR�VSHFL¿HG�SUH�released reading.

90 marks

Unit 6: Practical Biology and Investigative Skills

A2 6WXGHQWV�ZLOO�FRPSOHWH�DQ�LQGLYLGXDO�LQYHVWLJDWLRQ��7KLV�LV�D�ZULWWHQ�UHSRUW�RI�DQ�H[SHULPHQWDO�LQYHVWLJDWLRQ��ZKLFK�WKH\�KDYH�devised and carried out and includes synoptic DVVHVVPHQW��7KLV�SLHFH�RI�ZRUN�ZLOO�EH�PDUNHG�by the teacher and moderated by Edexcel or externally marked by Edexcel.

During the course of teaching Units 4 and 5 WHDFKHUV�ZLOO�REVHUYH�VWXGHQWV�FDUU\LQJ�RXW�SUDFWLFDO�ZRUN�DQG�ZLOO�EH�UHTXLUHG�WR�VXEPLW�D�YHUL¿FDWLRQ�RI�SUDFWLFDO�VNLOOV�UHFRUG�EDVHG�RQ�WKH�recommended core practicals and the individual investigation.

There is no separate content for this unit.

45 marks

Information for international centres

A 100 per cent examination option is available ONLY to LQWHUQDWLRQDO�FHQWUHV�ZLVKLQJ�WR�WDNH�*&(�%LRORJ\��7KLV�ZLOO�WDNH�WKH�IRUP�RI�DOWHUQDWLYH�ZULWWHQ�SDSHUV�IRU�8QLWV���DQG���

This option is QRW available for home centres.

,QWHUQDWLRQDO�SULYDWH�FHQWUHV��LQFOXGLQJ�DOO�FHQWUHV�HQWHULQJ�FDQGLGDWHV�YLD�WKH�%ULWLVK�&RXQFLO��DUH�QRW�SHUPLWWHG�WR�HQWHU�candidates for internal assessment and therefore must take the DOWHUQDWLYH�ZULWWHQ�SDSHUV���

For further details please refer to the Edexcel international ZHEVLWH�ZZZ�HGH[FHO�LQWHUQDWLRQDO�RUJ�

Page 14: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

B Specification overview

10 Section B © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

Assessment objectives and weightings

��LQ�$6 ��LQ�$���LQ�GCE

$2�.QRZOHGJH�DQG�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�RI�VFLHQFH�DQG�RI�How Science

Works30–34% 26–30% 30–34%

$2�$SSOLFDWLRQ�RI�NQRZOHGJH�DQG�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�RI�VFLHQFH�DQG�RI�How Science Works

34–40% 42–48% 38–44%

$2� +RZ�6FLHQFH�:RUNV 28% 26% ���

7RWDO 100% 100% 100%

Relationship of assessment objectives to units

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$2� $2� $2� 7RWDO�IRU�$2���$2��$2�

Unit 1 8-9% 8–9% 3% 19–21

Unit 2 8-9% 8–9% 3% 19–21

Unit 3 1% 1–2% 8% 10–11

Unit 4 �±�� 10–11% 2% 14–21

Unit 5 �±�� 10–12% 2% 18–21

Unit 6 – 1% 9% 10

7RWDO�IRU�$GYDQFHG�*&(

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Qualification summary

Subject criteria 7KH�*HQHUDO�&HUWL¿FDWH�RI�(GXFDWLRQ�LV�SDUW�RI�WKH�/HYHO���SURYLVLRQ��7KLV�VSHFL¿FDWLRQ�LV�EDVHG�RQ�WKH�$GYDQFHG�6XEVLGLDU\�*&(�DQG�$GYDQFHG�*&(�VXEMHFW�FULWHULD�IRU�6FLHQFH��ZKLFK�LV�SUHVFULEHG�E\�WKH�UHJXODWRU\�DXWKRULWLHV�DQG�LV�PDQGDWRU\�IRU�DOO�DZDUGLQJ�ERGLHV�

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Specification overview B

11Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section B

Aims The aims of the GCE in Biology are to enable students to:

D� GHYHORS�WKHLU�LQWHUHVW�LQ��DQG�HQWKXVLDVP�IRU��ELRORJ\�LQFOXGLQJ�developing an interest in further study and careers in the VXEMHFW

E� DSSUHFLDWH�KRZ�VRFLHW\�PDNHV�GHFLVLRQV�DERXW�ELRORJ\�UHODWHG�LVVXHV�DQG�KRZ�ELRORJ\�FRQWULEXWHV�WR�WKH�VXFFHVV�RI�WKH�economy and society

F� GHYHORS�DQG�GHPRQVWUDWH�D�GHHSHU�DSSUHFLDWLRQ�RI�WKH�VNLOOV��NQRZOHGJH�DQG�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�RI�How Science Works

G� GHYHORS�HVVHQWLDO�NQRZOHGJH�DQG�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�RI�GLIIHUHQW�DUHDV�RI�ELRORJ\�DQG�KRZ�WKH\�UHODWH�WR�HDFK�RWKHU�

AS/A2 Knowledge and understanding

7KLV�$GYDQFHG�6XEVLGLDU\�DQG�$GYDQFHG�*&(�VSHFL¿FDWLRQ�UHTXLUHV�students to:

� UHFRJQLVH��UHFDOO�DQG�VKRZ�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�RI�VFLHQWL¿F�NQRZOHGJH�

� VHOHFW��RUJDQLVH�DQG�FRPPXQLFDWH�UHOHYDQW�LQIRUPDWLRQ�LQ�D�variety of forms

� DQDO\VH�DQG�HYDOXDWH�VFLHQWL¿F�NQRZOHGJH�DQG�SURFHVVHV�

� DSSO\�VFLHQWL¿F�NQRZOHGJH�DQG�SURFHVVHV�WR�XQIDPLOLDU�VLWXDWLRQV�

� DVVHVV�WKH�YDOLGLW\��UHOLDELOLW\�DQG�FUHGLELOLW\�RI�VFLHQWL¿F�information.

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B Specification overview

12 Section B © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

AS/A2 Practical biology and investigative skills

7KLV�$GYDQFHG�6XEVLGLDU\�DQG�$GYDQFHG�*&(�VSHFL¿FDWLRQ�UHTXLUHV�students to:

� XVH�WKHRULHV��PRGHOV�DQG�LGHDV�WR�GHYHORS�DQG�PRGLI\�VFLHQWL¿F�explanations

� XVH�NQRZOHGJH�DQG�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�WR�SRVH�VFLHQWL¿F�TXHVWLRQV��GH¿QH�VFLHQWL¿F�SUREOHPV��SUHVHQW�VFLHQWL¿F�DUJXPHQWV�DQG�VFLHQWL¿F�LGHDV�

� XVH�DSSURSULDWH�PHWKRGRORJ\��LQFOXGLQJ�,&7��WR�DQVZHU�VFLHQWL¿F�TXHVWLRQV�DQG�VROYH�VFLHQWL¿F�SUREOHPV�

� FDUU\�RXW�H[SHULPHQWDO�DQG�LQYHVWLJDWLYH�DFWLYLWLHV��LQFOXGLQJ�DSSURSULDWH�ULVN�PDQDJHPHQW��LQ�D�UDQJH�RI�FRQWH[WV

� DQDO\VH�DQG�LQWHUSUHW�GDWD�WR�SURYLGH�HYLGHQFH��UHFRJQLVLQJ�correlations and casual relationships

� HYDOXDWH�PHWKRGRORJ\��HYLGHQFH�DQG�GDWD��DQG�UHVROYH�FRQÀLFWLQJ�evidence

� DSSUHFLDWH�WKH�WHQWDWLYH�QDWXUH�RI�VFLHQWL¿F�NQRZOHGJH�

� FRPPXQLFDWH�LQIRUPDWLRQ�DQG�LGHDV�LQ�DSSURSULDWH�ZD\V�XVLQJ�appropriate terminology

� consider applications and implications of science and appreciate WKHLU�DVVRFLDWHG�EHQH¿WV�DQG�ULVNV�

� FRQVLGHU�HWKLFDO�LVVXHV�LQ�WKH�WUHDWPHQW�RI�KXPDQV��RWKHU�organisms and the environment

� DSSUHFLDWH�WKH�UROH�RI�WKH�VFLHQWL¿F�FRPPXQLW\�LQ�YDOLGDWLQJ�QHZ�NQRZOHGJH�DQG�HQVXULQJ�LQWHJULW\�

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Specification overview B

13Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section B

How Science Works

How Science Works�LV�D�QHZO\�LQWURGXFHG�VHFWLRQ�RI�WKH�*&(�6FLHQFH�FULWHULD��WKDW�EXLOGV�RQ�IURP�WKH�.H\�6WDJH���3URJUDPPH�RI�6WXG\�IRU�VFLHQFH��7KH�WDEOH�EHORZ�WDNHV�WKH�VWDWHPHQWV�IURP�WKH�FULWHULD�DQG�JLYHV�JXLGDQFH�RQ�KRZ�WKHVH�VWDWHPHQWV�ZLOO�EH�DVVHVVHG�LQ�WHUPV�RI�ZKDW�ZH�H[SHFW�WKH�VWXGHQW�WR�NQRZ��XQGHUVWDQG�RU�EH�DEOH�WR�GR��7KLV�WDEOH�LV�UHIHUUHG�WR�in each of the units. How Science Works�ZLOO�EH�DVVHVVHG�LQ�WKH�FRQWH[W�RI�WKH�XQLW�FRQWHQW��How Science Works is mapped to the learning outcomes in Appendix 3 on page 123.

&ULWHULD /HDUQLQJ�RXWFRPH

�� 8VH�WKHRULHV��PRGHOV�DQG�LGHDV�WR�GHYHORS�DQG�PRGLI\�VFLHQWL¿F�explanations

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E�� ([SODLQ�WKH�LPSRUWDQFH�RI�PRGHOOLQJ�DV�ZD\�RI�GHYHORSLQJ�VFLHQWL¿F�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�

�� 8VH�NQRZOHGJH�DQG�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�WR�SRVH�VFLHQWL¿F�TXHVWLRQV��GH¿QH�VFLHQWL¿F�SUREOHPV��SUHVHQW�VFLHQWL¿F�DUJXPHQWV�DQG�VFLHQWL¿F�LGHDV

D�� 'LVWLQJXLVK�EHWZHHQ�TXHVWLRQV�WKDW�VFLHQFH�FDQ�DGGUHVV��DQG�WKRVH�ZKLFK�VFLHQFH�FDQQRW�DGGUHVV�

E�� ,GHQWLI\�VFLHQWL¿F�TXHVWLRQV�RU�SUREOHPV�ZLWKLQ�D�JLYHQ�context.

F�� $SSO\�VFLHQWL¿F�WKHRULHV�WR�DQVZHU�VFLHQWL¿F�TXHVWLRQV�RU�DGGUHVV�VFLHQWL¿F�SUREOHPV�

�� 8VH�DSSURSULDWH�PHWKRGRORJ\��LQFOXGLQJ�,&7��WR�DQVZHU�VFLHQWL¿F�TXHVWLRQV�DQG�VROYH�VFLHQWL¿F�SUREOHPV

-XVWLI\�PHWKRGV��WHFKQLTXHV�DQG�SURFHVVHV�XVHG�GXULQJ�VFLHQWL¿F�LQYHVWLJDWLRQV��LQFOXGLQJ�XVH�RI�,&7��WR�FROOHFW�YDOLG�DQG�UHOLDEOH�GDWD�DQG�SURGXFH�VFLHQWL¿F�WKHRULHV�IRU�D�FKRVHQ�TXHVWLRQ�RU�problem.

4 Carry out experimental and LQYHVWLJDWLYH�DFWLYLWLHV��LQFOXGLQJ�DSSURSULDWH�ULVN�PDQDJHPHQW��LQ�D�range of contexts

Produce a risk assessment before carrying out a range of SUDFWLFDO�ZRUN�

5 Analyse and interpret data to provide HYLGHQFH��UHFRJQLVLQJ�FRUUHODWLRQV�DQG�causal relationships

a) Analyse data including use of:

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� graphic representation to identify patterns and relationships (eg correlation and cause)

� appropriate statistical tests (A2 only).

E�� ,QWHUSUHW�GDWD�ZLWK�UHIHUHQFH�WR�WKH�PHWKRGV�RI�DQDO\VLV�XVHG�

�� (YDOXDWH�PHWKRGRORJ\��HYLGHQFH�DQG�GDWD��DQG�UHVROYH�FRQÀLFWLQJ�HYLGHQFH

Evaluate the validity of inferences made from data in terms RI�WKH�PHWKRGV��WHFKQLTXHV�DQG�SURFHVVHV�XVHG�WR�FROOHFW�DQG�DQDO\VH�WKH�GDWD��UHFRJQLVLQJ�DQ\�V\VWHPDWLF�RU�UDQGRP�HUURUV�SUHVHQW�RU�FRQÀLFWLQJ�HYLGHQFH��

�� $SSUHFLDWH�WKH�WHQWDWLYH�QDWXUH�RI�VFLHQWL¿F�NQRZOHGJH

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8 Communicate information and ideas LQ�DSSURSULDWH�ZD\V�XVLQJ�DSSURSULDWH�terminology

3UHVHQW�VFLHQWL¿F�LQIRUPDWLRQ�XVLQJ�WH[W��JUDSKLFV�DQG�RWKHU�PHGLD�DV�DSSURSULDWH�XVLQJ�VFLHQWL¿F�WHUPLQRORJ\�ZLWK�UHIHUHQFH�to data and credible sources.

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B Specification overview

14 Section B © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

&ULWHULD /HDUQLQJ�RXWFRPH

9 Consider applications and implications of science and appreciate their DVVRFLDWHG�EHQH¿WV�DQG�ULVNV

D�� (YDOXDWH�DFWLYLWLHV�LQ�WHUPV�RI�WKHLU�DVVRFLDWHG�EHQH¿WV�DQG�ULVNV�WR�KXPDQV��RWKHU�RUJDQLVPV�DQG�WKH�HQYLURQPHQW�

E�� 'LVFXVV�WKH�ULVN�DVVRFLDWHG�ZLWK�DQ�DFWLYLW\�LQ�WHUPV�RI�WKH�DFWXDO�OHYHO�RI�WKH�ULVN�DQG�LWV�SRWHQWLDO�FRQVHTXHQFHV��DVVRFLDWHG�XQFHUWDLQWLHV��DQG�WKH�IDFWRUV�DIIHFWLQJ�SHRSOH¶V�perception of the risk.

10 Consider ethical issues in the WUHDWPHQW�RI�KXPDQV��RWKHU�RUJDQLVPV�and the environment

a) Identify ethical issues arising from the application of VFLHQFH�DV�LW�LPSDFWV�RQ�KXPDQV��RWKHU�RUJDQLVPV�DQG�WKH�environment.

E�� 'LVFXVV�VFLHQWL¿F�VROXWLRQV�IURP�D�UDQJH�RI�HWKLFDO�YLHZSRLQWV�

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D�� 'LVFXVV�WKH�LPSRUWDQFH�RI�FULWLFDO�HYDOXDWLRQ�RI�QHZ�GDWD�RU�QHZ�LQWHUSUHWDWLRQV�RI�GDWD�ZKLFK�FKDOOHQJH�HVWDEOLVKHG�VFLHQWL¿F�WKHRULHV�RU�SURSRVH�QHZ�WKHRULHV��

E�� 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WKH�SURFHVV�RI�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�WKURXJK�MRXUQDOV�DQG�FRQIHUHQFHV��DQG�SHHU�UHYLHZ�FRQWULEXWH�WR�YDOLGDWLRQ�RI�QHZ�VFLHQWL¿F�WKHRULHV�E\�WKH�VFLHQWL¿F�FRPPXQLW\�

���$SSUHFLDWH�WKH�ZD\V�LQ�ZKLFK�VRFLHW\�uses science to inform decision-making

'LVFXVV�KRZ�VFLHQFH�LQÀXHQFHV�GHFLVLRQV�RQ�DQ�LQGLYLGXDO��ORFDO��national or international level.

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15Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

C Biology unit content

Concept-led approach

Unit 1 Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health 21

Unit 2 Development, Plants and the Environment 27

Unit 4 The Natural Environment and Species Survival 33

Unit 5 Energy, Exercise and Coordination 39

Context-led approach (based on the Salters-Nuffield Advanced Biology Project)

Unit 1 Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health 47

Unit 2 Development, Plants and the Environment 55

Unit 4 The Natural Environment and Species Survival 61

Unit 5 Energy, Exercise and Coordination 67

Generic units (Concept and Context)

Unit 3 Practical Biology and Research Skills 77

Unit 6 Practical Biology and Investigative Skills 85

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C Biology unit content

16 Section C © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

Course structure

� (GH[FHO¶V�*&(�LQ�%LRORJ\�FRPSULVHV�VL[�XQLWV�DQG�FRQWDLQV�DQ�Advanced Subsidiary subset of three AS units.

� 7KH�$GYDQFHG�6XEVLGLDU\�*&(�LV�WKH�¿UVW�KDOI�RI�WKH�*&(�FRXUVH�DQG�FRQVLVWV�RI�8QLWV������DQG����,W�PD\�EH�DZDUGHG�DV�D�GLVFUHWH�TXDOL¿FDWLRQ�RU�FRQWULEXWH����SHU�FHQW�RI�WKH�WRWDO�$GYDQFHG�*&(�marks.

� 7KH�IXOO�$GYDQFHG�*&(�DZDUG�FRQVLVWV�RI�WKH�WKUHH�$6�XQLWV�������DQG�����SOXV�WKUHH�$��XQLWV��8QLWV������DQG����ZKLFK�PDNH�XS�WKH�RWKHU����SHU�FHQW�RI�WKH�$GYDQFHG�*&(��6WXGHQWV�ZLVKLQJ�WR�WDNH�WKH�IXOO�$GYDQFHG�*&(�PXVW��WKHUHIRUH��FRPSOHWH�DOO�VL[�XQLWV��

� 7KH�VWUXFWXUH�RI�WKLV�TXDOL¿FDWLRQ�DOORZV�WHDFKHUV�WR�FRQVWUXFW�D�FRXUVH�RI�VWXG\�ZKLFK�FDQ�EH�WDXJKW�DQG�DVVHVVHG�HLWKHU�DV��

� GLVWLQFW�PRGXOHV�RI�WHDFKLQJ�DQG�OHDUQLQJ�ZLWK�UHODWHG�XQLWV�RI�DVVHVVPHQW�WDNHQ�DW�DSSURSULDWH�VWDJHV�GXULQJ�WKH�FRXUVH��RU

� D�OLQHDU�FRXUVH�ZKLFK�LV�DVVHVVHG�LQ�LWV�HQWLUHW\�DW�WKH�HQG�

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Biology unit content C

17Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

Introduction to the context and concept approaches

Each unit may be taught based on either a context approach or a concept approach:

1. &RQFHSW�DSSURDFK – starts on page 19.

7KLV�DSSURDFK�EHJLQV�ZLWK�D�VWXG\�RI�WKH�WKHRULHV�DQG�SULQFLSDOV�RI�biology and then explores their practical applications.

2. &RQWH[W�DSSURDFK – starts on page 45.

7KLV�DSSURDFK�EHJLQV�ZLWK�WKH�FRQVLGHUDWLRQ�RI�DQ�DSSOLFDWLRQ�WKDW�GUDZV�RQ�PDQ\�GLIIHUHQW�DUHDV�RI�ELRORJ\��7KH�WKHRULHV�DQG�principals of biology that apply to this application are then studied. 7KLV�DSSURDFK�LV�EDVHG�RQ�WKH�6DOWHUV±1XI¿HOG�$GYDQFHG�%LRORJ\��61$%��SURMHFW�

7KH�WZR�DSSURDFKHV�DUH�EDVHG�RQ�FRPPRQ�ELRORJLFDO�FRQWHQW�DQG�assessment. The difference is in the presentation of the learning RXWFRPHV�RI�8QLWV���������DQG���WR�UHÀHFW�WKHVH�DSSURDFKHV��

Teachers may select the approach that best meets the needs of WKHLU�VWXGHQWV��&HQWUHV�PD\�XVH�ERWK�DSSURDFKHV��IRU�H[DPSOH��E\�DOORZLQJ�RQH�JURXS�RI�VWXGHQWV�WR�IROORZ�RQH�DSSURDFK�DQG�DQRWKHU�JURXS�RI�VWXGHQWV�WR�IROORZ�WKH�RWKHU�DSSURDFK��7KHVH�different approaches lead to the same assessment for each unit. A PL[�RI�DSSURDFKHV�FDQ�EH�XVHG��LI�GHVLUHG�

Introduction to the recommended core practicals

7KH�UHFRPPHQGHG�FRUH�SUDFWLFDOV�DUH�LGHQWL¿HG�LQ�HDFK�XQLW��WKH\�DUH�WKH�OHDUQLQJ�RXWFRPHV�ZKLFK�DUH�HPEROGHQHG. ,W�LV�H[SHFWHG�WKDW�DOO�VWXGHQWV�ZLOO�KDYH�H[SHULHQFH�RI�WKHVH�SUDFWLFDOV��3UDFWLFDO�UHODWHG�TXHVWLRQV�ZLOO�EH�DVNHG�LQ�WKH�ZULWWHQ�H[DPLQDWLRQ�SDSHUV�DQG�ZLOO�EH�EDVHG�RQ�WKH�NQRZOHGJH�DQG�understanding of the recommended core practicals.

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C Biology unit content

18 Section C © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

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Biology unit content C

19Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

CONCEPT-LED APPROACH

7KH�IROORZLQJ�VHFWLRQ�VKRZV�KRZ�WKH�VSHFL¿FDWLRQ� PD\�EH�WDXJKW�XVLQJ�WKH�FRQFHSW�OHG�DSSURDFK

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20 Section C © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

C Biology unit content

Page 25: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

Concept approach

21Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

Unit 1 Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health AS compulsory unit Externally assessed

1.1 Unit description

Topic 1: Lifestyle, health and risk

7KLV�WRSLF�EHJLQV�ZLWK�D�FRQVLGHUDWLRQ�RI�WKH�VWUXFWXUH�DQG�IXQFWLRQV�RI�D�QXPEHU�RI�PROHFXOHV��LQFOXGLQJ�ZDWHU��carbohydrates and triglycerides. The structure and function of the cardiovascular system is also included as an introduction WR�WKH�ZD\V�LQ�ZKLFK�GLHW�DQG�OLIHVW\OH�IDFWRUV�PD\�DIIHFW�WKH�KHDUW�DQG�FLUFXODWRU\�V\VWHP��,GHDV�DERXW�FRUUHODWLRQ��causation and the concept of risks to health are covered.

Topic 2: Genes and health

7KLV�WRSLF�EHJLQV�ZLWK�D�FRQVLGHUDWLRQ�RI�WKH�VWUXFWXUH�DQG�functions of the cell membrane and gas exchange surfaces. 7KH�VWUXFWXUH�DQG�SURSHUWLHV�RI�SURWHLQV��HQ]\PH�DQG�nucleic acids lead to the genetic code and protein synthesis. 3ULQFLSOHV�RI�LQKHULWDQFH��JHQH�WKHUDS\�DQG�JHQHWLF�VFUHHQLQJ�DUH�LQFOXGHG��JLYLQJ�RSSRUWXQLWLHV�IRU�GLVFXVVLRQ�RI�WKH�VRFLDO�and ethical issues surrounding genetic screening for genetic conditions.

1.2 Assessment information

7KLV�XQLW�LV�DVVHVVHG�E\�PHDQV�RI�D�ZULWWHQ�H[DPLQDWLRQ�SDSHU��ZKLFK�FDUULHV����PDUNV��ODVWV���KRXU����PLQXWHV�DQG�ZLOO�include:

� REMHFWLYH�TXHVWLRQV

� structured questions

� VKRUW�DQVZHU�TXHVWLRQV�

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� How Science Works

� practical–related questions.

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hUnit 1 Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health

22 Section C © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

1.3 Topic 1: Lifestyle, health and risk

Students will be assessed on their ability to:

�� 'HPRQVWUDWH�NQRZOHGJH�DQG�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�RI�WKH�SUDFWLFDO�DQG�LQYHVWLJDWLYH�VNLOOV�LGHQWL¿HG�LQ�QXPEHUV���DQG���LQ�WKH�table of How Science Works�RQ�SDJH����RI�WKLV�VSHFL¿FDWLRQ�

�� ([SODLQ�WKH�LPSRUWDQFH�RI�ZDWHU�DV�D�VROYHQW�LQ�WUDQVSRUW��including its dipole nature.

�� 'LVWLQJXLVK�EHWZHHQ�PRQRVDFFKDULGHV��GLVDFFKDULGHV�and polysaccharides (glycogen and starch – amylose and amylopectin) and relate their structures to their roles in providing and storing energy (!-glucose and cellulose are not required in this topic).

�� 'HVFULEH�KRZ�PRQRVDFFKDULGHV�MRLQ�WR�IRUP�GLVDFFKDULGHV��VXFURVH��ODFWRVH�DQG�PDOWRVH��DQG�SRO\VDFFKDULGHV�(glycogen and amylose) through condensation reactions IRUPLQJ�JO\FRVLGLF�ERQGV��DQG�KRZ�WKHVH�FDQ�EH�VSOLW�WKURXJK�hydrolysis reactions.

5 Describe the synthesis of a triglyceride by the formation of HVWHU�ERQGV�GXULQJ�FRQGHQVDWLRQ�UHDFWLRQV�EHWZHHQ�JO\FHURO�DQG�WKUHH�IDWW\�DFLGV�DQG�UHFRJQLVH�GLIIHUHQFHV�EHWZHHQ�saturated and unsaturated lipids.

�� ([SODLQ�ZK\�PDQ\�DQLPDOV�KDYH�D�KHDUW�DQG�FLUFXODWLRQ��PDVV�transport to overcome limitations of diffusion in meeting the requirements of organisms).

�� 'HVFULEH�WKH�FDUGLDF�F\FOH��DWULDO�V\VWROH��YHQWULFXODU�V\VWROH�and diastole) and relate the structure and operation of the PDPPDOLDQ�KHDUW�WR�LWV�IXQFWLRQ��LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�PDMRU�EORRG�vessels.

�� ([SODLQ�KRZ�WKH�VWUXFWXUHV�RI�EORRG�YHVVHOV��FDSLOODULHV��arteries and veins) relate to their functions.

9 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WKH�HIIHFW�RI�FDIIHLQH�RQ�KHDUW�UDWH�LQ�Daphnia�FDQ�EH�LQYHVWLJDWHG�SUDFWLFDOO\��DQG�GLVFXVV�ZKHWKHU�WKHUH�DUH�HWKLFDO�LVVXHV�LQ�WKH�XVH�RI�LQYHUWHEUDWHV�

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Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health Unit 1

23Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

���'HVFULEH�WKH�EORRG�FORWWLQJ�SURFHVV��WKURPERSODVWLQ�UHOHDVH��FRQYHUVLRQ�RI�SURWKURPELQ�WR�WKURPELQ�DQG�¿EULQRJHQ�WR�¿EULQ��DQG�LWV�UROH�LQ�FDUGLRYDVFXODU�GLVHDVH��&9'��

11 Explain the course of events that leads to atherosclerosis �HQGRWKHOLDO�GDPDJH��LQÀDPPDWRU\�UHVSRQVH��SODTXH�IRUPDWLRQ��UDLVHG�EORRG�SUHVVXUH��

���'HVFULEH�WKH�IDFWRUV�WKDW�LQFUHDVH�WKH�ULVN�RI�&9'��JHQHWLF��GLHW��DJH��JHQGHU��KLJK�EORRG�SUHVVXUH��VPRNLQJ�DQG�inactivity).

���'HVFULEH�WKH�EHQH¿WV�DQG�ULVNV�RI�WUHDWPHQWV�IRU�&9'��DQWLK\SHUWHQVLYHV��SODQW�VWDWLQV��DQWLFRDJXODQWV�DQG�SODWHOHW�inhibitory drugs).

���$QDO\VH�DQG�LQWHUSUHW�GDWD�RQ�WKH�SRVVLEOH�VLJQL¿FDQFH�IRU�health of blood cholesterol levels and levels of high-density OLSRSURWHLQV��+'/V��DQG�ORZ�GHQVLW\�OLSRSURWHLQV��/'/V���'HVFULEH�WKH�HYLGHQFH�IRU�D�FDXVDO�UHODWLRQVKLS�EHWZHHQ�EORRG�cholesterol levels (total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol) and &9'�

���'LVFXVV�KRZ�SHRSOH�XVH�VFLHQWL¿F�NQRZOHGJH�DERXW�WKH�HIIHFWV�RI�GLHW��LQFOXGLQJ�REHVLW\�LQGLFDWRUV���H[HUFLVH�DQG�VPRNLQJ�WR�reduce their risk of coronary heart disease.

16 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WR�LQYHVWLJDWH�WKH�YLWDPLQ�&�FRQWHQW�RI�IRRG�DQG�GULQN�

��� $QDO\VH�GDWD�RQ�HQHUJ\�EXGJHWV�DQG�GLHW�VR�DV�WR�EH�DEOH�WR�GLVFXVV�WKH�FRQVHTXHQFHV�RI�HQHUJ\�LPEDODQFH��LQFOXGLQJ�ZHLJKW�ORVV��ZHLJKW�JDLQ��DQG�GHYHORSPHQW�RI�REHVLW\�

18 Analyse and interpret quantitative data on illness and mortality rates to determine health risks (including GLVWLQJXLVKLQJ�EHWZHHQ�FRUUHODWLRQ�DQG�FDXVDWLRQ�DQG�UHFRJQLVLQJ�FRQÀLFWLQJ�HYLGHQFH��

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24 Section C © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

19 Evaluate design of studies used to determine health risk IDFWRUV��LQFOXGLQJ�VDPSOH�VHOHFWLRQ�DQG�VDPSOH�VL]H�XVHG�WR�collect data that is both valid and reliable).

���([SODLQ�ZK\�SHRSOH¶V�SHUFHSWLRQV�RI�ULVNV�DUH�RIWHQ�GLIIHUHQW�from the actual risks (including underestimating and overestimating the risks due to diet and other lifestyle factors in the development of heart disease).

1.4 Topic 2: Genes and health

Students will be assessed on their ability to:

�� 'HPRQVWUDWH�NQRZOHGJH�DQG�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�RI�WKH�SUDFWLFDO�DQG�LQYHVWLJDWLYH�VNLOOV�LGHQWL¿HG�LQ�QXPEHUV���DQG���LQ�WKH�table of How Science Works on page 13 RI�WKLV�VSHFL¿FDWLRQ�

2 ([SODLQ�KRZ�PRGHOV�VXFK�DV�WKH�ÀXLG�PRVDLF�PRGHO�RI�FHOO�membranes are interpretations of data used to develop VFLHQWL¿F�H[SODQDWLRQV�RI�WKH�VWUXFWXUH�DQG�SURSHUWLHV�RI�FHOO�membranes.

3 ([SODLQ�ZKDW�LV�PHDQW�E\�RVPRVLV�LQ�WHUPV�RI�WKH�PRYHPHQW�RI�IUHH�ZDWHU�PROHFXOHV�WKURXJK�D�SDUWLDOO\�SHUPHDEOH�PHPEUDQH��FRQVLGHUDWLRQ�RI�ZDWHU�SRWHQWLDO�LV�QRW�UHTXLUHG��

4 ([SODLQ�ZKDW�LV�PHDQW�E\�SDVVLYH�WUDQVSRUW��GLIIXVLRQ��IDFLOLWDWHG�GLIIXVLRQ���DFWLYH�WUDQVSRUW��LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�UROH�RI�$73���HQGRF\WRVLV�DQG�H[RF\WRVLV�DQG�GHVFULEH�WKH�involvement of carrier and channel proteins in membrane transport.

5 'HVFULEH�KRZ�PHPEUDQH�VWUXFWXUH�FDQ�EH�LQYHVWLJDWHG�SUDFWLFDOO\��HJ�E\�WKH�HIIHFW�RI�DOFRKRO�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�RU�WHPSHUDWXUH�RQ�PHPEUDQH�SHUPHDELOLW\.

6 Describe the properties of gas exchange surfaces in living RUJDQLVPV��ODUJH�VXUIDFH�DUHD�WR�YROXPH�UDWLR��WKLFNQHVV�RI�VXUIDFH��GLIIHUHQFH�LQ�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ��DQG�H[SODLQ�KRZ�WKH�structure of the mammalian lung is adapted for rapid gaseous exchange.

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Concept approach

Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health Unit 1

25Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

�� 'HVFULEH�WKH�EDVLF�VWUXFWXUH�RI�DQ�DPLQR�DFLG��VWUXFWXUHV�RI�VSHFL¿F�DPLQR�DFLGV�DUH�QRW�UHTXLUHG��DQG�WKH�IRUPDWLRQ�RI�polypeptides and proteins (as amino acid monomers linked by peptide bonds in condensation reactions) and explain the VLJQL¿FDQFH�RI�D�SURWHLQ¶V�SULPDU\�VWUXFWXUH�LQ�GHWHUPLQLQJ�its three-dimensional structure and properties (globular DQG�¿EURXV�SURWHLQV�DQG�W\SHV�RI�ERQGV�LQYROYHG�LQ�WKUHH�dimensional structure).

8 ([SODLQ�WKH�PHFKDQLVP�RI�DFWLRQ�DQG�VSHFL¿FLW\�RI�HQ]\PHV�in terms of their three-dimensional structure and explain WKDW�HQ]\PHV�DUH�ELRORJLFDO�FDWDO\VWV�WKDW�UHGXFH�DFWLYDWLRQ�HQHUJ\��FDWDO\VLQJ�D�ZLGH�UDQJH�RI�LQWUDFHOOXODU�DQG�extracellular reactions.

9 'HVFULEH�KRZ�HQ]\PH�FRQFHQWUDWLRQV�FDQ�DIIHFW�WKH�UDWHV�RI�UHDFWLRQV�DQG�KRZ�WKLV�FDQ�EH�LQYHVWLJDWHG�SUDFWLFDOO\�E\�PHDVXULQJ�WKH�LQLWLDO�UDWH�RI�UHDFWLRQ.

10 Describe the basic structure of mononucleotides (as a GHR[\ULERVH�RU�ULERVH�OLQNHG�WR�D�SKRVSKDWH�DQG�D�EDVH��LH�WK\PLQH��XUDFLO��F\WRVLQH��DGHQLQH�RU�JXDQLQH��DQG�WKH�structures of DNA and RNA (as polynucleotides composed of mononucleotides linked through condensation reactions) and GHVFULEH�KRZ�FRPSOHPHQWDU\�EDVH�SDLULQJ�DQG�WKH�K\GURJHQ�ERQGLQJ�EHWZHHQ�WZR�FRPSOHPHQWDU\�VWUDQGV�DUH�LQYROYHG�LQ�the formation of the DNA double helix.

11 Describe DNA replication (including the role of DNA SRO\PHUDVH���DQG�H[SODLQ�KRZ�0HVHOVRQ�DQG�6WDKO¶V�FODVVLF�H[SHULPHQW�SURYLGHG�QHZ�GDWD�WKDW�VXSSRUWHG�WKH�DFFHSWHG�theory of replication of DNA and refuted competing theories.

12 ([SODLQ�WKH�QDWXUH�RI�WKH�JHQHWLF�FRGH��WULSOHW�FRGH�RQO\��QRQ�overlapping and degenerate not required at AS).

13 Describe a gene as being a sequence of bases on a DNA molecule coding for a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

14 2XWOLQH�WKH�SURFHVV�RI�SURWHLQ�V\QWKHVLV��LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�UROH�RI�WUDQVFULSWLRQ��WUDQVODWLRQ��PHVVHQJHU�51$��WUDQVIHU�RNA and the template (antisense) DNA strand (details of the mechanism of protein synthesis on ribosomes are not required at AS).

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26 Section C © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

15 ([SODLQ�KRZ�HUURUV�LQ�'1$�UHSOLFDWLRQ�FDQ�JLYH�ULVH�WR�PXWDWLRQV�DQG�H[SODLQ�KRZ�F\VWLF�¿EURVLV�UHVXOWV�IURP�RQH�RI�a number of possible gene mutations.

16 ([SODLQ�WKH�WHUPV�JHQH��DOOHOH��JHQRW\SH��SKHQRW\SH��UHFHVVLYH��GRPLQDQW��KRPR]\JRWH�DQG�KHWHUR]\JRWH��DQG�H[SODLQ�PRQRK\EULG�LQKHULWDQFH��LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ�RI�JHQHWLF�SHGLJUHH�GLDJUDPV��LQ�WKH�FRQWH[W�RI�WUDLWV�VXFK�DV�F\VWLF�¿EURVLV��DOELQLVP��WKDODVVDHPLD��JDUGHQ�SHD�KHLJKW�DQG�seed morphology.

�� ([SODLQ�KRZ�WKH�H[SUHVVLRQ�RI�D�JHQH�PXWDWLRQ�LQ�SHRSOH�ZLWK�F\VWLF�¿EURVLV�LPSDLUV�WKH�IXQFWLRQLQJ�RI�WKH�JDVHRXV�H[FKDQJH��GLJHVWLYH�DQG�UHSURGXFWLYH�V\VWHPV�

18 Describe the principles of gene therapy and distinguish EHWZHHQ�VRPDWLF�DQG�JHUP�OLQH�WKHUDS\�

19 ([SODLQ�WKH�XVHV�RI�JHQHWLF�VFUHHQLQJ��LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ�RI�FDUULHUV��SUHLPSODQWDWLRQ�JHQHWLF�GLDJQRVLV�DQG�SUHQDWDO�testing (amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling) and discuss the implications of prenatal genetic screening.

20 Identify and discuss the social and ethical issues related to JHQHWLF�VFUHHQLQJ�IURP�D�UDQJH�RI�HWKLFDO�YLHZSRLQWV�

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Concept approach

27Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

Unit 2 Development, Plants and the Environment AS compulsory unit Externally assessed

2.1 Unit description

Topic 3: The voice of the genome

7KLV�WRSLF�EHJLQV�ZLWK�DQ�RYHUYLHZ�RI�FHOO�VWUXFWXUH�DQG�FRQVLGHUV�KRZ�FHOO�XOWUDVWUXFWXUH�LV�UHODWHG�WR�IXQFWLRQ��&HOO�division and cell aggregation to form tissues and organs are DOVR�LQFOXGHG��7KH�WRSLF�WKHQ�FRQVLGHUV�PHLRVLV��WKH�IRUPDWLRQ�RI�JDPHWHV��IHUWLOLVDWLRQ��VWHP�FHOOV��JHQH�H[SUHVVLRQ�DQG�cell differentiation. The role of the genotype and effect of the environment on phenotype is also stressed.

Topic 4: Biodiversity and natural resources

7KLV�WRSLF�EHJLQV�ZLWK�D�FRPSDULVRQ�RI�WKH�VWUXFWXUH�RI�D�W\SLFDO�SODQW�FHOO�ZLWK�WKDW�RI�DQ�DQLPDO�FHOO��DQG�WKH�VWUXFWXUH�DQG�UROHV�RI�FHOOXORVH�DQG�VWDUFK��7KH�UHODWLRQVKLS�EHWZHHQ�SODQW�WLVVXHV��[\OHP�DQG�VFOHUHQFK\PD��LV�DOVR�LQFOXGHG��7KH�WRSLF�FRQWLQXHV�ZLWK�D�FRQVLGHUDWLRQ�RI�WKH�LPSRUWDQFH�RI�SODQW�SURGXFWV�WR�KXPDQV��VSHFLHV�GLYHUVLW\��DQG�KRZ�GLYHUVLW\�arises through natural selection and evolutionary change. The UROH�RI�]RRV�LQ�WKH�FRQVHUYDWLRQ�RI�HQGDQJHUHG�VSHFLHV�LV�DOVR�described.

2.2 Assessment information

7KLV�XQLW�LV�DVVHVVHG�E\�PHDQV�RI�D�ZULWWHQ�H[DPLQDWLRQ�SDSHU��ZKLFK�FDUULHV����PDUNV��ODVWV���KRXU����PLQXWHV�DQG�ZLOO�include:

� REMHFWLYH�TXHVWLRQV

� structured questions

� VKRUW�DQVZHU�TXHVWLRQV�

DQG�ZLOO�DOVR�FRYHU�

� How Science Works

� practical–related questions.

7KH�XQLW�LV�WKH�VDPH�VL]H�DV�8QLW����WR�DOORZ�IRU�WLPH�WR�develop practical skills for Unit 3 assessment.

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Unit 2 Development, Plants and the Environment

Section C © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

2.3 Topic 3: The voice of the genome

Students will be assessed on their ability to:

�� 'HPRQVWUDWH�NQRZOHGJH�DQG�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�RI�WKH�SUDFWLFDO�DQG�LQYHVWLJDWLYH�VNLOOV�LGHQWL¿HG�LQ�QXPEHUV���DQG���in the table of How Science Works on page 13 of this VSHFL¿FDWLRQ�

�� 'LVWLQJXLVK�EHWZHHQ�HXNDU\RWLF�DQG�SURNDU\RWLF�FHOOV�LQ�terms of their structure and ultrastructure.

3 Describe the ultrastructure of an animal (eukaryotic) FHOO��QXFOHXV��QXFOHROXV��ULERVRPHV��URXJK�DQG�VPRRWK�HQGRSODVPLF�UHWLFXOXP��PLWRFKRQGULD��FHQWULROHV��O\VRVRPHV��DQG�*ROJL�DSSDUDWXV) and recognise these organelles from EM images.

4 Explain the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) DQG�WKH�*ROJL�DSSDUDWXV�LQ�SURWHLQ�WUDQVSRUW�ZLWKLQ�FHOOV�DQG�LQFOXGLQJ�LWV�UROH�LQ�IRUPDWLRQ�RI�H[WUDFHOOXODU�HQ]\PHV�

�� 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WKH�FHOOV�RI�PXOWLFHOOXODU�RUJDQLVPV�FDQ�EH�RUJDQLVHG�LQWR�WLVVXHV��WLVVXHV�LQWR�RUJDQV�DQG�RUJDQV�LQWR�systems.

�� ([SODLQ�WKH�UROH�RI�PLWRVLV�DQG�WKH�FHOO�F\FOH�IRU�JURZWK�DQG�asexual reproduction.

�� 'HVFULEH�WKH�VWDJHV�RI�PLWRVLV�DQG�KRZ�WR�SUHSDUH�DQG�VWDLQ�D�URRW�WLS�VTXDVK�LQ�RUGHU�WR�REVHUYH�WKHP�SUDFWLFDOO\�

8 Explain the role of meiosis in the production of gametes and genetic variation through recombination of alleles and genes including independent assortment and crossing over (details of the stages of meiosis are not required).

�� ([SODLQ�KRZ�PDPPDOLDQ�JDPHWHV�DUH�VSHFLDOLVHG�IRU�WKHLU�functions.

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29

Development, Plants and the Environment Unit 2

Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

10 Describe the process of fertilisation in mammals and ÀRZHULQJ�SODQWV��VWDUWLQJ�ZLWK�WKH�DFURVRPH�UHDFWLRQ�LQ�PDPPDOV�DQG�SROOHQ�WXEH�JURZWK�LQ�SODQWV�DQG�HQGLQJ�ZLWK�WKH�IXVLRQ�RI�WKH�QXFOHL��DQG�H[SODLQ�WKH�LPSRUWDQFH�RI�fertilisation in sexual reproduction.

���([SODLQ�ZKDW�LV�PHDQW�E\�WKH�WHUPV�VWHP�FHOO��SOXULSRWHQF\�DQG�WRWLSRWHQF\�DQG�GLVFXVV�WKH�ZD\�VRFLHW\�XVHV�VFLHQWL¿F�NQRZOHGJH�WR�PDNH�GHFLVLRQV�DERXW�WKH�XVH�RI�VWHP�FHOOV�in medical therapies (eg regulatory authorities relating to KXPDQ�HPEU\R�UHVHDUFK��DELOLW\�RI�VWHP�FHOOV�WR�GHYHORS�LQWR�VSHFLDOLVHG�WLVVXHV��SRWHQWLDO�VRXUFHV�RI�VWHP�FHOOV��ZKR�FRXOG�EHQH¿W�IURP�WKH�WKHUDSLHV��SURFHGXUHV�WR�REWDLQ�stem cells and their risks).

12 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WRWLSRWHQF\�FDQ�EH�GHPRQVWUDWHG�SUDFWLFDOO\�XVLQJ�SODQW�WLVVXH�FXOWXUH�WHFKQLTXHV�

���([SODLQ�KRZ�FHOOV�EHFRPH�VSHFLDOLVHG�WKURXJK�GLIIHUHQWLDO�JHQH�H[SUHVVLRQ��SURGXFLQJ�DFWLYH�P51$�OHDGLQJ�WR�V\QWKHVLV�RI�SURWHLQV��ZKLFK�LQ�WXUQ�FRQWURO�FHOO�SURFHVVHV�or determine cell structure in animals and plants (details of transcription factors are not required at AS).

���([SODLQ�KRZ�D�SKHQRW\SH�LV�WKH�UHVXOW�RI�DQ�LQWHUDFWLRQ�EHWZHHQ�JHQRW\SH�DQG�WKH�HQYLURQPHQW��HJ�DQLPDO�KDLU�FRORXU��KXPDQ�KHLJKW��PRQRDPLQH�R[LGDVH�$��0$2$��DQG�FDQFHUV���EXW�WKH�GDWD�RQ�WKH�UHODWLYH�FRQWULEXWLRQV�RI�JHQHV�DQG�HQYLURQPHQW�LV�RIWHQ�GLI¿FXOW�WR�LQWHUSUHW�

���([SODLQ�KRZ�VRPH�SKHQRW\SHV�DUH�DIIHFWHG�E\�DOOHOHV�DW�PDQ\�ORFL��SRO\JHQLF�LQKHULWDQFH��DV�ZHOO�DV�WKH�HQYLURQPHQW��HJ�KHLJKW��DQG�KRZ�WKLV�FDQ�JLYH�ULVH�WR�SKHQRW\SHV�WKDW�VKRZ�FRQWLQXRXV�YDULDWLRQ�

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Unit 2 Development, Plants and the Environment

Section C © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

2.4 Topic 4: Biodiversity and natural resources

Students will be assessed on their ability to:

�� 'HPRQVWUDWH�NQRZOHGJH�DQG�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�RI�WKH�SUDFWLFDO�DQG�LQYHVWLJDWLYH�VNLOOV�LGHQWL¿HG�LQ�QXPEHUV���DQG���LQ�WKH�WDEOH�RI�How Science Works on page 13�RI�WKLV�VSHFL¿FDWLRQ�

�� &RPSDUH�WKH�XOWUDVWUXFWXUH�RI�SODQW�FHOOV��FHOO�ZDOO��FKORURSODVWV��DP\ORSODVWV��YDFXROH��WRQRSODVW��SODVPRGHVPDWD��SLWV�DQG�PLGGOH�ODPHOOD��ZLWK�WKDW�RI�DQLPDO�FHOOV�

3 Compare the structure and function of the polysaccharides starch and cellulose including the role of hydrogen bonds EHWZHHQ�!-glucose molecules in the formation of cellulose PLFUR¿EULOV�

�� ([SODLQ�KRZ�WKH�DUUDQJHPHQW�RI�FHOOXORVH�PLFUR¿EULOV�LQ�SODQW�FHOO�ZDOOV�DQG�VHFRQGDU\�WKLFNHQLQJ�FRQWULEXWH�WR�WKH�SK\VLFDO�SURSHUWLHV�RI�SODQW�¿EUHV��ZKLFK�FDQ�EH�H[SORLWHG�E\�KXPDQV�

�� &RPSDUH�WKH�VWUXFWXUHV��SRVLWLRQ�LQ�WKH�VWHP�DQG�IXQFWLRQ�RI�VFOHUHQFK\PD�¿EUHV��VXSSRUW��DQG�[\OHP�YHVVHOV��VXSSRUW�DQG�WUDQVSRUW�RI�ZDWHU�DQG�PLQHUDO�LRQV��

�� 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WKH�XVHV�RI�SODQW�¿EUHV�DQG�VWDUFK�PD\�FRQWULEXWH�WR�VXVWDLQDELOLW\��HJ�SODQW�EDVHG�SURGXFWV�WR�UHSODFH�RLO�EDVHG�plastics.

�� ,GHQWLI\�VFOHUHQFK\PD�¿EUHV�DQG�[\OHP�YHVVHOV�DV�VHHQ�WKURXJK�a light microscope.

8 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WR�GHWHUPLQH�WKH�WHQVLOH�VWUHQJWK�RI�SODQW�¿EUHV�SUDFWLFDOO\.

�� ([SODLQ�WKH�LPSRUWDQFH�RI�ZDWHU�DQG�LQRUJDQLF�LRQV��QLWUDWH��calcium ions and magnesium ions) to plants.

10 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WR�LQYHVWLJDWH�SODQW�PLQHUDO�GH¿FLHQFLHV�SUDFWLFDOO\.

11 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WR�LQYHVWLJDWH�WKH�DQWLPLFURELDO�SURSHUWLHV�RI�SODQWV.

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Concept approach

31

Development, Plants and the Environment Unit 2

Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

���&RPSDUH�KLVWRULF�GUXJ�WHVWLQJ�ZLWK�FRQWHPSRUDU\�GUXJ�WHVWLQJ�SURWRFROV��HJ�:LOOLDP�:LWKHULQJ¶V�GLJLWDOLV�VRXS��GRXEOH�EOLQG�WULDOV��SODFHER��WKUHH�SKDVHG�WHVWLQJ�

13 Explain the terms biodiversity and endemism and describe KRZ�ELRGLYHUVLW\�FDQ�EH�PHDVXUHG�ZLWKLQ�D�KDELWDW�XVLQJ�VSHFLHV�ULFKQHVV�DQG�ZLWKLQ�D�VSHFLHV�XVLQJ�JHQHWLF�GLYHUVLW\��HJ�YDULHW\�RI�DOOHOHV�LQ�D�JHQH�SRRO�

14 Describe the concept of niche and discuss examples of DGDSWDWLRQ�RI�RUJDQLVPV�WR�WKHLU�HQYLURQPHQW��EHKDYLRXUDO��physiological and anatomical).

���'HVFULEH�KRZ�QDWXUDO�VHOHFWLRQ�FDQ�OHDG�WR�DGDSWDWLRQ�DQG�evolution.

16 Discuss the process and importance of critical evaluation of QHZ�GDWD�E\�WKH�VFLHQWL¿F�FRPPXQLW\��ZKLFK�OHDGV�WR�QHZ�taxonomic groupings (ie three domains based on molecular phylogeny).

���'LVFXVV�DQG�HYDOXDWH�WKH�PHWKRGV�XVHG�E\�]RRV�DQG�seedbanks in the conservation of endangered species DQG�WKHLU�JHQHWLF�GLYHUVLW\��HJ�VFLHQWL¿F�UHVHDUFK��FDSWLYH�EUHHGLQJ�SURJUDPPHV��UHLQWURGXFWLRQ�SURJUDPPHV�DQG�education).

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C Biology unit content

32 Section C © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

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Concept approach

33Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

Unit 4 The Natural Environment and Species Survival A2 compulsory unit Externally assessed

3.1 Unit description

Topic 5: On the wild side

This topic builds an appreciation that photosynthesis is the SULPDU\�SURFHVV�WKDW�XQGHUSLQV�WKH�PDMRULW\�RI�HFRV\VWHPV��DQG�SURYLGHV�VWXGHQWV�ZLWK�DQ�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�RI�KRZ�HFRV\VWHPV�ZRUN��7KH�WRSLF�FRQWLQXHV�E\�ORRNLQJ�DW�ZKHWKHU�FOLPDWH�FKDQJH�ZLOO�OHDG�WR�H[WLQFWLRQ�RI�VSHFLHV�RU�HYROXWLRQ�E\�QDWXUDO�VHOHFWLRQ��DQG�ORRNV�DW�WKH�HYLGHQFH�IRU�JOREDO�ZDUPLQJ�DQG�LWV�HIIHFWV�RQ�SODQWV�DQG�DQLPDOV��%\�WKH�HQG�RI�WKH�WRSLF�VWXGHQWV�VKRXOG�DSSUHFLDWH�KRZ�VFLHQWL¿F�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�FDQ�PDNH�XV�DZDUH�RI�RXU�UHVSRQVLELOLWLHV�DV�VWHZDUGV�RI�WKH�HQYLURQPHQW�

Topic 6: Infection, immunity and forensics

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3.2 Assessment information

7KLV�XQLW�LV�DVVHVVHG�E\�PHDQV�RI�D�ZULWWHQ�H[DPLQDWLRQ�SDSHU��ZKLFK�FDUULHV����PDUNV��ODVWV���KRXU����PLQXWHV�DQG�ZLOO�include:

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� practical-related questions.

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Unit 4 The Natural Environment and Species Survival

Section C © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

3.3 Topic 5: On the wild side

Students will be assessed on their ability to:

�� 'HPRQVWUDWH�NQRZOHGJH�DQG�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�RI�WKH�How

Science Works areas listed in the table on page 13 of this VSHFL¿FDWLRQ�

2 Describe the structure of chloroplasts in relation to their role in photosynthesis.

3 Describe the overall reaction of photosynthesis as requiring HQHUJ\�IURP�OLJKW�WR�VSOLW�DSDUW�WKH�VWURQJ�ERQGV�LQ�ZDWHU�PROHFXOHV��VWRULQJ�WKH�K\GURJHQ�LQ�D�IXHO��JOXFRVH��E\�FRPELQLQJ�LW�ZLWK�FDUERQ�GLR[LGH�DQG�UHOHDVLQJ�R[\JHQ�LQWR�the atmosphere.

4 Describe the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis LQFOXGLQJ�KRZ�OLJKW�HQHUJ\�LV�WUDSSHG�E\�H[FLWLQJ�HOHFWURQV�LQ�FKORURSK\OO�DQG�WKH�UROH�RI�WKHVH�HOHFWURQV�LQ�JHQHUDWLQJ�$73��and reducing NADP in photophosphorylation and producing R[\JHQ�WKURXJK�SKRWRO\VLV�RI�ZDWHU�

�� 'HVFULEH�KRZ�SKRVSKRU\ODWLRQ�RI�$'3�UHTXLUHV�HQHUJ\�DQG�KRZ�K\GURO\VLV�RI�$73�SURYLGHV�DQ�LPPHGLDWH�VXSSO\�RI�energy for biological processes.

6 Describe the light-independent reactions as reduction of carbon dioxide using the products of the light-dependent UHDFWLRQV��FDUERQ�¿[DWLRQ�LQ�WKH�&DOYLQ�F\FOH��WKH�UROH�RI�*3��*$/3��5X%3�DQG�58%,6&2��DQG�GHVFULEH�WKH�SURGXFWV�DV�VLPSOH�VXJDUV�WKDW�DUH�XVHG�E\�SODQWV��DQLPDOV�DQG�RWKHU�RUJDQLVPV�LQ�UHVSLUDWLRQ�DQG�WKH�V\QWKHVLV�RI�QHZ�ELRORJLFDO�PROHFXOHV��LQFOXGLQJ�SRO\VDFFKDULGHV��DPLQR�DFLGV��OLSLGV�DQG�nucleic acids).

�� &DUU\�RXW�FDOFXODWLRQV�RI�QHW�SULPDU\�SURGXFWLYLW\�DQG�H[SODLQ�WKH�UHODWLRQVKLS�EHWZHHQ�JURVV�SULPDU\�SURGXFWLYLW\��QHW�primary productivity and plant respiration.

�� &DOFXODWH�WKH�HI¿FLHQF\�RI�HQHUJ\�WUDQVIHUV�EHWZHHQ�WURSKLF�levels.

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Concept approach

35

The Natural Environment and Species Survival Unit 4

Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

�� 'LVFXVV�KRZ�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�WKH�FDUERQ�F\FOH�FDQ�OHDG�WR�methods to reduce atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide (including the use of biofuels and reforestation).

10 Explain that the numbers and distribution of organisms in a habitat are controlled by biotic and abiotic factors.

11 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WR�FDUU\�RXW�D�VWXG\�RQ�WKH�HFRORJ\�RI�D�KDELWDW�WR�SURGXFH�YDOLG�DQG�UHOLDEOH�GDWD��LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�XVH�RI�TXDGUDWV�DQG�WUDQVHFWV�WR�DVVHVV�DEXQGDQFH�DQG�GLVWULEXWLRQ�RI�RUJDQLVPV�DQG�WKH�PHDVXUHPHQW�RI�DELRWLF�IDFWRUV��HJ�VRODU�HQHUJ\�LQSXW��FOLPDWH��WRSRJUDSK\��R[\JHQ�DYDLODELOLW\�DQG�HGDSKLF�IDFWRUV�.

���([SODLQ�KRZ�WKH�FRQFHSW�RI�QLFKH�DFFRXQWV�IRU�GLVWULEXWLRQ�DQG�abundance of organisms in a habitat.

13 Describe the concept of succession to a climax community.

���2XWOLQH�WKH�FDXVHV�RI�JOREDO�ZDUPLQJ�±�LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�UROH�RI�JUHHQKRXVH�JDVHV��FDUERQ�GLR[LGH�DQG�PHWKDQH��&+4) in the greenhouse effect.

���'HVFULEH�WKH�HIIHFWV�RI�JOREDO�ZDUPLQJ��ULVLQJ�WHPSHUDWXUH��changing rainfall patterns and seasonal cycles) on plants and DQLPDOV��GLVWULEXWLRQ�RI�VSHFLHV��GHYHORSPHQW�DQG�OLIH�F\FOHV��

16 Explain the effect of increasing temperature on the rate of HQ]\PH�DFWLYLW\�LQ�SODQWV��DQLPDOV�DQG�PLFUR�RUJDQLVPV�

���'HVFULEH�KRZ�WR�LQYHVWLJDWH�WKH�HIIHFWV�RI�WHPSHUDWXUH�RQ�WKH�GHYHORSPHQW�RI�RUJDQLVPV��HJ�VHHGOLQJ�JURZWK�UDWH��EULQH�VKULPS�KDWFK�UDWHV��

18 Analyse and interpret different types of evidence for JOREDO�ZDUPLQJ�DQG�LWV�FDXVHV��LQFOXGLQJ�UHFRUGV�RI�FDUERQ�GLR[LGH�OHYHOV��WHPSHUDWXUH�UHFRUGV��SROOHQ�LQ�SHDW�ERJV�and dendrochronology) recognising correlations and causal relationships.

���'HVFULEH�WKDW�GDWD�FDQ�EH�H[WUDSRODWHG�WR�PDNH�SUHGLFWLRQV��WKDW�WKHVH�DUH�XVHG�LQ�PRGHOV�RI�IXWXUH�JOREDO�ZDUPLQJ��DQG�that these models have limitations.

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Unit 4 The Natural Environment and Species Survival

Section C © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

���'LVFXVV�WKH�ZD\�LQ�ZKLFK�VFLHQWL¿F�FRQFOXVLRQV�DERXW�FRQWURYHUVLDO�LVVXHV��VXFK�DV�ZKDW�DFWLRQV�VKRXOG�EH�WDNHQ�WR�UHGXFH�JOREDO�ZDUPLQJ�RU�WKH�GHJUHH�WR�ZKLFK�KXPDQV�DUH�DIIHFWLQJ�JOREDO�ZDUPLQJ��FDQ�VRPHWLPHV�GHSHQG�RQ�ZKR�LV�reaching the conclusions.

���'HVFULEH�KRZ�HYROXWLRQ��D�FKDQJH�LQ�WKH�DOOHOH�IUHTXHQF\��FDQ�come about through gene mutation and natural selection.

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���'HVFULEH�WKH�UROH�RI�WKH�VFLHQWL¿F�FRPPXQLW\�LQ�YDOLGDWLQJ�QHZ�HYLGHQFH��LQFOXGLQJ�PROHFXODU�ELRORJ\��HJ�'1$��SURWHRPLFV��VXSSRUWLQJ�WKH�DFFHSWHG�VFLHQWL¿F�WKHRU\�RI�HYROXWLRQ��VFLHQWL¿F�MRXUQDOV��WKH�SHHU�UHYLHZ�SURFHVV��VFLHQWL¿F�conferences).

3.4 Topic 6: Infection, immunity and forensics

Students will be assessed on their ability to:

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Science Works areas listed in the table on page 13 of this VSHFL¿FDWLRQ�

�� ([SODLQ�WKH�QDWXUH�RI�WKH�JHQHWLF�FRGH��WULSOHW�FRGH��QRQ�overlapping and degenerate).

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�� ([SODLQ�KRZ�RQH�JHQH�FDQ�JLYH�ULVH�WR�PRUH�WKDQ�RQH�SURWHLQ�through post-transcriptional changes to messenger RNA.

�� 'HVFULEH�KRZ�'1$�SUR¿OLQJ�LV�XVHG�IRU�LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ�DQG�GHWHUPLQLQJ�JHQHWLF�UHODWLRQVKLSV�EHWZHHQ�RUJDQLVPV��SODQWV�and animals).

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Concept approach

37

The Natural Environment and Species Survival Unit 4

Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

6 'HVFULEH�KRZ�'1$�FDQ�EH�DPSOL¿HG�XVLQJ�WKH�SRO\PHUDVH�FKDLQ�UHDFWLRQ��3&5�.

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�� 'LVWLQJXLVK�EHWZHHQ�WKH�VWUXFWXUH�RI�EDFWHULD�DQG�YLUXVHV�

9 Describe the role of micro-organisms in the decomposition of organic matter and the recycling of carbon.

���'HVFULEH�WKH�PDMRU�URXWHV�SDWKRJHQV�PD\�WDNH�ZKHQ�HQWHULQJ�the body and explain the role of barriers in protecting the ERG\�IURP�LQIHFWLRQ��LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�UROHV�RI�VNLQ��VWRPDFK�DFLG��JXW�DQG�VNLQ�ÀRUD�

���([SODLQ�KRZ�EDFWHULDO�DQG�YLUDO�LQIHFWLRXV�GLVHDVHV�KDYH�D�VHTXHQFH�RI�V\PSWRPV�WKDW�PD\�UHVXOW�LQ�GHDWK��LQFOXGLQJ�the diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) and +XPDQ�,PPXQRGH¿FLHQF\�9LUXV��+,9��

���'HVFULEH�WKH�QRQ�VSHFL¿F�UHVSRQVHV�RI�WKH�ERG\�WR�LQIHFWLRQ��LQFOXGLQJ�LQÀDPPDWLRQ��O\VR]\PH�DFWLRQ��LQWHUIHURQ�DQG�phagocytosis.

���([SODLQ�WKH�UROHV�RI�DQWLJHQV�DQG�DQWLERGLHV�LQ�WKH�ERG\¶V�LPPXQH�UHVSRQVH�LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�LQYROYHPHQW�RI�SODVPD�FHOOV��macrophages and antigen-presenting cells.

���'LVWLQJXLVK�EHWZHHQ�WKH�UROHV�RI�%�FHOOV��LQFOXGLQJ�%�PHPRU\�DQG�%�HIIHFWRU�FHOOV��DQG�7�FHOOV��7�KHOSHU��7�NLOOHU�DQG�7�PHPRU\�FHOOV��LQ�WKH�ERG\¶V�LPPXQH�UHVSRQVH�

���([SODLQ�KRZ�LQGLYLGXDOV�PD\�GHYHORS�LPPXQLW\��QDWXUDO��DUWL¿FLDO��DFWLYH��SDVVLYH��

���'LVFXVV�KRZ�WKH�WKHRU\�RI�DQ�µHYROXWLRQDU\�UDFH¶�EHWZHHQ�pathogens and their hosts is supported by the evasion PHFKDQLVPV�DV�VKRZQ�E\�+XPDQ�,PPXQRGH¿FLHQF\�9LUXV��+,9��DQG�Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB).

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Unit 4 The Natural Environment and Species Survival

Section C © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

���'LVWLQJXLVK�EHWZHHQ�EDFWHULRVWDWLF�DQG�EDFWHULFLGDO�antibiotics.

18 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WR�LQYHVWLJDWH�WKH�HIIHFW�RI�GLIIHUHQW�DQWLELRWLFV�RQ�EDFWHULD.

���'HVFULEH�KRZ�DQ�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�RI�WKH�FRQWULEXWRU\�FDXVHV�of hospital acquired infections have led to codes of practice relating to antibiotic prescription and hospital practice relating to infection prevention and control.

���'HVFULEH�KRZ�WR�GHWHUPLQH�WKH�WLPH�RI�GHDWK�RI�D�PDPPDO�E\�H[DPLQLQJ�WKH�H[WHQW�RI�GHFRPSRVLWLRQ��VWDJH�RI�VXFFHVVLRQ��IRUHQVLF�HQWRPRORJ\��ERG\�WHPSHUDWXUH�DQG�GHJUHH�RI�PXVFOH�contraction.

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Concept approach

39Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

Unit 5 Energy, Exercise and Coordination A2 compulsory unit Externally assessed

4.1 Unit description

Topic 7: Run for your life

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Topic 8: Grey matter

7KLV�WRSLF�EHJLQV�E\�FRQVLGHULQJ�KRZ�SODQWV�GHWHFW�DQG�UHVSRQG�WR�FKDQJHV�LQ�WKHLU�HQYLURQPHQW��7KLV�LV�IROORZHG�E\�GHWDLOV�RI�WKH�VWUXFWXUH�DQG�IXQFWLRQ�RI�WKH�PDPPDOLDQ�QHUYRXV�V\VWHP��including imaging techniques to investigate the brain. This LV�GHYHORSHG�LQWR�DQ�HQTXLU\�LQWR�KRZ�LPEDODQFHV�LQ�EUDLQ�FKHPLFDOV�PD\�UHVXOW�LQ�FRQGLWLRQV�VXFK�DV�3DUNLQVRQ¶V�GLVHDVH�DQG�LWV�WUHDWPHQW�ZLWK�GUXJV��7KH�WRSLF�UHTXLUHV�VWXGHQWV�WR�GLVFXVV�WKH�HWKLFV�RI�WKH�+XPDQ�*HQRPH�3URMHFW�DQG�WR�FRQVLGHU�WKH�ULVNV�DQG�EHQH¿WV�DVVRFLDWHG�ZLWK�WKH�XVH�RI�JHQHWLFDOO\�PRGL¿HG�RUJDQLVPV�

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Unit 5 Energy, Exercise and Coordination

Section C © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

4.2 Assessment information

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� structured questions

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4.3 Topic 7: Run for your life

Students will be assessed on their ability to:

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Science Works areas listed in the table on page 13 of this VSHFL¿FDWLRQ�

�� 'HVFULEH�WKH�VWUXFWXUH�RI�D�PXVFOH�¿EUH�DQG�H[SODLQ�WKH�VWUXFWXUDO�DQG�SK\VLRORJLFDO�GLIIHUHQFHV�EHWZHHQ�IDVW�DQG�VORZ�WZLWFK�PXVFOH�¿EUHV�

3 Explain the contraction of skeletal muscle in terms of the VOLGLQJ�¿ODPHQW�WKHRU\��LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�UROH�RI�DFWLQ��P\RVLQ��WURSRQLQ��WURSRP\RVLQ��FDOFLXP�LRQV��&D2+���$73�DQG�$73DVH�

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Concept approach

41

Energy, Exercise and Coordination Unit 5

Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

�� 5HFDOO�WKH�ZD\�LQ�ZKLFK�PXVFOHV��WHQGRQV��WKH�VNHOHWRQ�DQG�OLJDPHQWV�LQWHUDFW�WR�HQDEOH�PRYHPHQW��LQFOXGLQJ�DQWDJRQLVWLF�PXVFOH�SDLUV��H[WHQVRUV�DQG�ÀH[RUV�

5 Describe the overall reaction of aerobic respiration as splitting of the respiratory substrate (eg glucose) to release carbon GLR[LGH�DV�D�ZDVWH�SURGXFW�DQG�UHXQLWLQJ�RI�K\GURJHQ�ZLWK�DWPRVSKHULF�R[\JHQ�ZLWK�WKH�UHOHDVH�RI�D�ODUJH�DPRXQW�RI�energy.

6 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WR�LQYHVWLJDWH�UDWH�RI�UHVSLUDWLRQ�SUDFWLFDOO\.

�� 5HFDOO�KRZ�SKRVSKRU\ODWLRQ�RI�$'3�UHTXLUHV�HQHUJ\�DQG�KRZ�hydrolysis of ATP provides an accessible supply of energy for biological processes.

8 Describe the roles of glycolysis in aerobic and anaerobic UHVSLUDWLRQ��LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�SKRVSKRU\ODWLRQ�RI�KH[RVHV��WKH�SURGXFWLRQ�RI�$73��UHGXFHG�FRHQ]\PH�DQG�S\UXYDWH�DFLG�(details of intermediate stages and compounds are not required).

9 Describe the role of the Krebs cycle in the complete oxidation RI�JOXFRVH�DQG�IRUPDWLRQ�RI�FDUERQ�GLR[LGH��&22���$73��reduced NAD and reduced FAD (names of other compounds are not required) and that respiration is a many-stepped SURFHVV�ZLWK�HDFK�VWHS�FRQWUROOHG�DQG�FDWDO\VHG�E\�D�VSHFL¿F�LQWUDFHOOXODU�HQ]\PH�

10 Describe the synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation DVVRFLDWHG�ZLWK�WKH�HOHFWURQ�WUDQVSRUW�FKDLQ�LQ�PLWRFKRQGULD��including the role of chemiosmosis and ATPase.

11 Explain the fate of lactate after a period of anaerobic respiration in animals.

12 Understand that cardiac muscle is myogenic and describe the QRUPDO�HOHFWULFDO�DFWLYLW\�RI�WKH�KHDUW��LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�UROHV�RI�WKH�VLQRDWULDO�QRGH��6$1���WKH�DWULRYHQWULFXODU�QRGH��$91��DQG�WKH�EXQGOH�RI�+LV��DQG�KRZ�WKH�XVH�RI�HOHFWURFDUGLRJUDPV��(&*V��FDQ�DLG�WKH�GLDJQRVLV�RI�FDUGLRYDVFXODU�GLVHDVH��&9'��and other heart conditions.

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Unit 5 Energy, Exercise and Coordination

Section C © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

���([SODLQ�KRZ�YDULDWLRQV�LQ�YHQWLODWLRQ�DQG�FDUGLDF�RXWSXW�enable rapid delivery of oxygen to tissues and the removal RI�FDUERQ�GLR[LGH�IURP�WKHP��LQFOXGLQJ�KRZ�WKH�KHDUW�UDWH�and ventilation rate are controlled and the roles of the cardiovascular control centre and the ventilation centre.

14 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WR�LQYHVWLJDWH�WKH�HIIHFWV�RI�H[HUFLVH�RQ�WLGDO�YROXPH�DQG�EUHDWKLQJ�UDWH�XVLQJ�GDWD�IURP�VSLURPHWHU�WUDFHV.

15 Explain the principle of negative feedback in maintaining V\VWHPV�ZLWKLQ�QDUURZ�OLPLWV�

16 Discuss the concept of homeostasis and its importance in maintaining the body in a state of dynamic equilibrium during H[HUFLVH��LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�UROH�RI�WKH�K\SRWKDODPXV�DQG�WKH�mechanisms of thermoregulation.

���([SODLQ�KRZ�JHQHV�FDQ�EH�VZLWFKHG�RQ�DQG�RII�E\�'1$�transcription factors including hormones.

18 Analyse and interpret data on possible disadvantages of H[HUFLVLQJ�WRR�PXFK��ZHDU�DQG�WHDU�RQ�MRLQWV��VXSSUHVVLRQ�of the immune system) and exercising too little (increased ULVN�RI�REHVLW\��FRURQDU\�KHDUW�GLVHDVH��&+'��DQG�GLDEHWHV���recognising correlation and causal relationships.

���([SODLQ�KRZ�PHGLFDO�WHFKQRORJ\��LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�XVH�RI�NH\KROH�VXUJHU\�DQG�SURVWKHVHV��LV�HQDEOLQJ�WKRVH�ZLWK�LQMXULHV�DQG�GLVDELOLWLHV�WR�SDUWLFLSDWH�LQ�VSRUWV��HJ�FUXFLDWH�OLJDPHQWV�UHSDLU�XVLQJ�NH\KROH�VXUJHU\�DQG�NQHH�MRLQW�UHSODFHPHQW�using prosthetics.

���2XWOLQH�WZR�HWKLFDO�SRVLWLRQV�UHODWLQJ�WR�ZKHWKHU�WKH�XVH�RI�performance-enhancing substances by athletes is acceptable.

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Energy, Exercise and Coordination Unit 5

Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

4.4 Topic 8: Grey matter

Students will be assessed on their ability to:

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�� 'HVFULEH�KRZ�D�QHUYH�LPSXOVH��DFWLRQ�SRWHQWLDO��LV�FRQGXFWHG�along an axon including changes in membrane permeability to sodium and potassium ions and the role of the nodes of Ranvier.

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9 Locate and state the functions of the regions of the human EUDLQ¶V�FHUHEUDO�KHPLVSKHUHV��DELOLW\�WR�VHH��WKLQN��OHDUQ�DQG�IHHO�HPRWLRQV���K\SRWKDODPXV��WKHUPRUHJXODWH���FHUHEHOOXP�(coordinate movement) and medulla oblongata (control the heartbeat).

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���'HVFULEH�WKH�XVH�RI�PDJQHWLF�UHVRQDQFH�LPDJLQJ��05,���functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans in medical diagnosis and investigating brain structure and function.

���'LVFXVV�ZKHWKHU�WKHUH�H[LVWV�D�FULWLFDO�µZLQGRZ¶�ZLWKLQ�ZKLFK�humans must be exposed to particular stimuli if they are to develop their visual capacities to the full.

12 Describe the role animal models have played in developing H[SODQDWLRQV�RI�KXPDQ�EUDLQ�GHYHORSPHQW�DQG�IXQFWLRQ��LQFOXGLQJ�+XEHO�DQG�:LHVHO¶V�H[SHULPHQWV�ZLWK�PRQNH\V�DQG�kittens.

13 Consider the methods used to compare the contributions of QDWXUH�DQG�QXUWXUH�WR�EUDLQ�GHYHORSPHQW��LQFOXGLQJ�HYLGHQFH�IURP�WKH�DELOLWLHV�RI�QHZERUQ�EDELHV��DQLPDO�H[SHULPHQWV��VWXGLHV�RI�LQGLYLGXDOV�ZLWK�GDPDJHG�EUDLQ�DUHDV��WZLQ�VWXGLHV�and cross-cultural studies.

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15 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WR�LQYHVWLJDWH�KDELWXDWLRQ�WR�D�VWLPXOXV.

16 Discuss the moral and ethical issues relating to the use of DQLPDOV�LQ�PHGLFDO�UHVHDUFK�IURP�WZR�HWKLFDO�VWDQGSRLQWV�

���([SODLQ�KRZ�LPEDODQFHV�LQ�FHUWDLQ��QDWXUDOO\�RFFXUULQJ��brain chemicals can contribute to ill health (eg dopamine in 3DUNLQVRQ¶V�GLVHDVH�DQG�VHURWRQLQ�LQ�GHSUHVVLRQ��DQG�WR�WKH�GHYHORSPHQW�RI�QHZ�GUXJV�

���([SODLQ�WKH�HIIHFWV�RI�GUXJV�RQ�V\QDSWLF�WUDQVPLVVLRQV��LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�XVH�RI�/�'RSD�LQ�WKH�WUHDWPHQW�RI�3DUNLQVRQ¶V�disease and the action of MDMA in ecstasy.

���'LVFXVV�KRZ�WKH�RXWFRPHV�RI�WKH�+XPDQ�*HQRPH�3URMHFW�DUH�EHLQJ�XVHG�LQ�WKH�GHYHORSPHQW�RI�QHZ�GUXJV�DQG�WKH�VRFLDO��moral and ethical issues this raises.

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Unit 1 Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health AS compulsory unit Externally assessed

5.1 Unit description

Topic 1: Lifestyle, health and risk

7KLV�WRSLF�EXLOGV�RQ�VWXGHQWV¶�NQRZOHGJH�DQG�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�RI�the functioning of the circulatory system and the importance of lifestyle choices to health. The role of diet and other lifestyle factors in maintenance of good health is considered ZLWK�SDUWLFXODU�UHIHUHQFH�WR�WKH�KHDUW�DQG�FLUFXODWLRQ�DQG�WR�FDUGLRYDVFXODU�GLVHDVH��&9'���7KH�VWUXFWXUHV�DQG�IXQFWLRQV�RI�VRPH�FDUERK\GUDWHV�DQG�OLSLGV�DUH�DOVR�GHWDLOHG�ZLWKLQ�WKLV�FRQWH[W��,GHDV�DERXW�FRUUHODWLRQ��FDXVDWLRQ�DQG�WKH�FRQFHSW�RI�risks to health are covered.

Topic 2: Genes and health

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5.2 Assessment information

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5.3 Topic 1: Lifestyle, health and risk

Students will be assessed on their ability to:

�� 'HPRQVWUDWH�NQRZOHGJH�DQG�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�RI�WKH�SUDFWLFDO�DQG�LQYHVWLJDWLYH�VNLOOV�LGHQWL¿HG�LQ�QXPEHUV���DQG���LQ�WKH�table of How Science Works�RQ�SDJH����RI�WKLV�VSHFL¿FDWLRQ�

�� ([SODLQ�ZK\�PDQ\�DQLPDOV�KDYH�D�KHDUW�DQG�FLUFXODWLRQ��PDVV�transport to overcome limitations of diffusion in meeting the requirements of organisms).

2 ([SODLQ�WKH�LPSRUWDQFH�RI�ZDWHU�DV�D�VROYHQW�LQ�WUDQVSRUW��including its dipole nature.

8 ([SODLQ�KRZ�WKH�VWUXFWXUHV�RI�EORRG�YHVVHOV��FDSLOODULHV��arteries and veins) relate to their functions.

� 'HVFULEH�WKH�FDUGLDF�F\FOH��DWULDO�V\VWROH��YHQWULFXODU�V\VWROH�and diastole) and relate the structure and operation of the PDPPDOLDQ�KHDUW�WR�LWV�IXQFWLRQ��LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�PDMRU�EORRG�vessels.

11 Explain the course of events that leads to atherosclerosis �HQGRWKHOLDO�GDPDJH��LQÀDPPDWRU\�UHVSRQVH��SODTXH�IRUPDWLRQ��UDLVHG�EORRG�SUHVVXUH��

10 'HVFULEH�WKH�EORRG�FORWWLQJ�SURFHVV��WKURPERSODVWLQ�UHOHDVH��FRQYHUVLRQ�RI�SURWKURPELQ�WR�WKURPELQ�DQG�¿EULQRJHQ�WR�¿EULQ��DQG�LWV�UROH�LQ�FDUGLRYDVFXODU�GLVHDVH��&9'��

12 'HVFULEH�WKH�IDFWRUV�WKDW�LQFUHDVH�WKH�ULVN�RI�&9'��JHQHWLF��GLHW��DJH��JHQGHU��KLJK�EORRG�SUHVVXUH��VPRNLQJ�DQG�inactivity).

18 Analyse and interpret quantitative data on illness and mortality rates to determine health risks (including GLVWLQJXLVKLQJ�EHWZHHQ�FRUUHODWLRQ�DQG�FDXVDWLRQ�DQG�UHFRJQLVLQJ�FRQÀLFWLQJ�HYLGHQFH��

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49Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

19 Evaluate design of studies used to determine health risk IDFWRUV��LQFOXGLQJ�VDPSOH�VHOHFWLRQ�DQG�VDPSOH�VL]H�XVHG�WR�collect data that is both valid and reliable).

20 ([SODLQ�ZK\�SHRSOH¶V�SHUFHSWLRQV�RI�ULVNV�DUH�RIWHQ�GLIIHUHQW�from the actual risks (including underestimating and overestimating the risks due to diet and other lifestyle factors in the development of heart disease).

�� Analyse data on energy budgets and diet so as to be able WR�GLVFXVV�WKH�FRQVHTXHQFHV�RI�HQHUJ\�LPEDODQFH��LQFOXGLQJ�ZHLJKW�ORVV��ZHLJKW�JDLQ��DQG�GHYHORSPHQW�RI�REHVLW\�

3 'LVWLQJXLVK�EHWZHHQ�PRQRVDFFKDULGHV��GLVDFFKDULGHV�and polysaccharides (glycogen and starch – amylose and amylopectin) and relate their structures to their roles in providing and storing energy (!-glucose and cellulose are not required in this topic).

4 'HVFULEH�KRZ�PRQRVDFFKDULGHV�MRLQ�WR�IRUP�GLVDFFKDULGHV��VXFURVH��ODFWRVH�DQG�PDOWRVH��DQG�SRO\VDFFKDULGHV�(glycogen and amylose) through condensation reactions IRUPLQJ�JO\FRVLGLF�ERQGV��DQG�KRZ�WKHVH�FDQ�EH�VSOLW�WKURXJK�hydrolysis reactions.

5 Describe the synthesis of a triglyceride by the formation of HVWHU�ERQGV�GXULQJ�FRQGHQVDWLRQ�UHDFWLRQV�EHWZHHQ�JO\FHURO�DQG�WKUHH�IDWW\�DFLGV�DQG�UHFRJQLVH�GLIIHUHQFHV�EHWZHHQ�saturated and unsaturated lipids.

14 $QDO\VH�DQG�LQWHUSUHW�GDWD�RQ�WKH�SRVVLEOH�VLJQL¿FDQFH�IRU�health of blood cholesterol levels and levels of high-density OLSRSURWHLQV��+'/V��DQG�ORZ�GHQVLW\�OLSRSURWHLQV��/'/V���'HVFULEH�WKH�HYLGHQFH�IRU�D�FDXVDO�UHODWLRQVKLS�EHWZHHQ�EORRG�cholesterol levels (total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol) and &9'�

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9 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WKH�HIIHFW�RI�FDIIHLQH�RQ�KHDUW�UDWH�LQ�Daphnia�FDQ�EH�LQYHVWLJDWHG�SUDFWLFDOO\��DQG�GLVFXVV�ZKHWKHU�WKHUH�DUH�HWKLFDO�LVVXHV�LQ�WKH�XVH�RI�LQYHUWHEUDWHV.

16 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WR�LQYHVWLJDWH�WKH�YLWDPLQ�&�FRQWHQW�RI�IRRG�DQG�GULQN.

15 'LVFXVV�KRZ�SHRSOH�XVH�VFLHQWL¿F�NQRZOHGJH�DERXW�WKH�HIIHFWV�RI�GLHW��LQFOXGLQJ�REHVLW\�LQGLFDWRUV���H[HUFLVH�DQG�VPRNLQJ�WR�reduce their risk of coronary heart disease.

���'HVFULEH�WKH�EHQH¿WV�DQG�ULVNV�RI�WUHDWPHQWV�IRU�&9'��DQWLK\SHUWHQVLYHV��SODQW�VWDWLQV��DQWLFRDJXODQWV�DQG�SODWHOHW�inhibitory drugs).

5.4 Topic 2: Genes and health

Students will be assessed on their ability to:

�� 'HPRQVWUDWH�NQRZOHGJH�DQG�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�RI�WKH�SUDFWLFDO�DQG�LQYHVWLJDWLYH�VNLOOV�LGHQWL¿HG�in numbers 4 and 5 in the table of How Science Works on page 13�RI�WKLV�VSHFL¿FDWLRQ�

6 Describe the properties of gas exchange surfaces in living RUJDQLVPV��ODUJH�VXUIDFH�DUHD�WR�YROXPH�UDWLR��WKLFNQHVV�RI�VXUIDFH��GLIIHUHQFH�LQ�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ��DQG�H[SODLQ�KRZ�WKH�structure of the mammalian lung is adapted for rapid gaseous exchange.

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51Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

�� ([SODLQ�KRZ�PRGHOV�VXFK�DV�WKH�ÀXLG�PRVDLF�PRGHO�RI�FHOO�membranes are interpretations of data used to develop VFLHQWL¿F�H[SODQDWLRQV�RI�WKH�VWUXFWXUH�DQG�SURSHUWLHV�RI�FHOO�membranes.

5 'HVFULEH�KRZ�PHPEUDQH�VWUXFWXUH�FDQ�EH�LQYHVWLJDWHG�SUDFWLFDOO\��HJ�E\�WKH�HIIHFW�RI�DOFRKRO�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�RU�WHPSHUDWXUH�RQ�PHPEUDQH�SHUPHDELOLW\�

3 ([SODLQ�ZKDW�LV�PHDQW�E\�RVPRVLV�LQ�WHUPV�RI�WKH�PRYHPHQW�RI�IUHH�ZDWHU�PROHFXOHV�WKURXJK�D�SDUWLDOO\�SHUPHDEOH�PHPEUDQH��FRQVLGHUDWLRQ�RI�ZDWHU�SRWHQWLDO�LV�QRW�UHTXLUHG��

4 ([SODLQ�ZKDW�LV�PHDQW�E\�SDVVLYH�WUDQVSRUW��GLIIXVLRQ��IDFLOLWDWHG�GLIIXVLRQ���DFWLYH�WUDQVSRUW��LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�UROH�RI�$73���HQGRF\WRVLV�DQG�H[RF\WRVLV�DQG�GHVFULEH�WKH�involvement of carrier and channel proteins in membrane transport.

10 Describe the basic structure of mononucleotides (as a GHR[\ULERVH�RU�ULERVH�OLQNHG�WR�D�SKRVSKDWH�DQG�D�EDVH��LH�WK\PLQH��XUDFLO��F\WRVLQH��DGHQLQH�RU�JXDQLQH��DQG�WKH�structures of DNA and RNA (as polynucleotides composed of mononucleotides linked through condensation reactions) and GHVFULEH�KRZ�FRPSOHPHQWDU\�EDVH�SDLULQJ�DQG�WKH�K\GURJHQ�ERQGLQJ�EHWZHHQ�WZR�FRPSOHPHQWDU\�VWUDQGV�DUH�LQYROYHG�LQ�the formation of the DNA double helix.

14 2XWOLQH�WKH�SURFHVV�RI�SURWHLQ�V\QWKHVLV��LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�UROH�RI�WUDQVFULSWLRQ��WUDQVODWLRQ��PHVVHQJHU�51$��WUDQVIHU�RNA and the template (antisense) DNA strand (details of the mechanism of protein synthesis on ribosomes are not required at AS).

12 ([SODLQ�WKH�QDWXUH�RI�WKH�JHQHWLF�FRGH��WULSOHW�FRGH�RQO\��QRQ�overlapping and degenerate not required at AS).

13 Describe a gene as being a sequence of bases on a DNA molecule coding for a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

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� Describe the basic structure of an amino acid (structures of VSHFL¿F�DPLQR�DFLGV�DUH�QRW�UHTXLUHG��DQG�WKH�IRUPDWLRQ�RI�polypeptides and proteins (as amino acid monomers linked by peptide bonds in condensation reactions) and explain the VLJQL¿FDQFH�RI�D�SURWHLQ¶V�SULPDU\�VWUXFWXUH�LQ�GHWHUPLQLQJ�its three-dimensional structure and properties (globular DQG�¿EURXV�SURWHLQV�DQG�W\SHV�RI�ERQGV�LQYROYHG�LQ�WKUHH�dimensional structure).

8 ([SODLQ�WKH�PHFKDQLVP�RI�DFWLRQ�DQG�VSHFL¿FLW\�RI�HQ]\PHV�in terms of their three-dimensional structure and explain WKDW�HQ]\PHV�DUH�ELRORJLFDO�FDWDO\VWV�WKDW�UHGXFH�DFWLYDWLRQ�HQHUJ\��FDWDO\VLQJ�D�ZLGH�UDQJH�RI�LQWUDFHOOXODU�DQG�extracellular reactions.

9 'HVFULEH�KRZ�HQ]\PH�FRQFHQWUDWLRQV�FDQ�DIIHFW�WKH�UDWHV�RI�UHDFWLRQV�DQG�KRZ�WKLV�FDQ�EH�LQYHVWLJDWHG�SUDFWLFDOO\�E\�PHDVXULQJ�WKH�LQLWLDO�UDWH�RI�UHDFWLRQ�

11 Describe DNA replication (including the role of DNA SRO\PHUDVH���DQG�H[SODLQ�KRZ�0HVHOVRQ�DQG�6WDKO¶V�FODVVLF�H[SHULPHQW�SURYLGHG�QHZ�GDWD�WKDW�VXSSRUWHG�WKH�DFFHSWHG�theory of replication of DNA and refuted competing theories.

15 ([SODLQ�KRZ�HUURUV�LQ�'1$�UHSOLFDWLRQ�FDQ�JLYH�ULVH�WR�PXWDWLRQV�DQG�H[SODLQ�KRZ�F\VWLF�¿EURVLV�UHVXOWV�IURP�RQH�RI�a number of possible gene mutations.

16 ([SODLQ�WKH�WHUPV��JHQH��DOOHOH��JHQRW\SH��SKHQRW\SH��UHFHVVLYH��GRPLQDQW��KRPR]\JRWH�DQG�KHWHUR]\JRWH��DQG�H[SODLQ�PRQRK\EULG�LQKHULWDQFH��LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ�RI�JHQHWLF�SHGLJUHH�GLDJUDPV��LQ�WKH�FRQWH[W�RI�WUDLWV�VXFK�DV�F\VWLF�¿EURVLV��DOELQLVP��WKDODVVDHPLD��JDUGHQ�SHD�KHLJKW�DQG�seed morphology.

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Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health Unit 1

53Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

18 Describe the principles of gene therapy and distinguish �EHWZHHQ�VRPDWLF�DQG�JHUP�OLQH�WKHUDS\�

19 ([SODLQ�WKH�XVHV�RI�JHQHWLF�VFUHHQLQJ��LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ�RI�FDUULHUV��SUHLPSODQWDWLRQ�JHQHWLF�GLDJQRVLV�DQG�SUHQDWDO�testing (amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling) and discuss the implications of prenatal genetic screening.

20 Identify and discuss the social and ethical issues related to JHQHWLF�VFUHHQLQJ�IURP�D�UDQJH�RI�HWKLFDO�YLHZSRLQWV�

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55Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

Unit 2 Development, Plants and the Environment AS compulsory unit Externally assessed

6.1 Unit description

Topic 3: The voice of the genome

7KLV�WRSLF�IROORZV�WKH�GHYHORSPHQW�RI�PXOWLFHOOXODU�RUJDQLVPV� from single cells to complex individuals. Cell structure and XOWUDVWUXFWXUH��FHOO�GLYLVLRQ��WKH�LPSRUWDQFH�RI�IHUWLOLVDWLRQ��WKH�UROHV�RI�VWHP�FHOOV��JHQH�H[SUHVVLRQ��FHOO�GLIIHUHQWLDWLRQ�DQG�WLVVXH�RUJDQLVDWLRQ�DUH�DOO�FRQVLGHUHG�ZLWKLQ�WKLV�WRSLF��DV�is the role of the genotype and the effect of environment on phenotype.

Topic 4: Biodiversity and natural resources

7KH�WRSLF�IRFXVHV�RQ�ELRGLYHUVLW\�DQG�WKH�ZHDOWK�RI�QDWXUDO�UHVRXUFHV�XVHG�E\�KXPDQV��7KH�PHDQLQJ�RI�ELRGLYHUVLW\�DQG�KRZ�LW�FDQ�EH�PHDVXUHG�LV�FRQVLGHUHG�¿UVW�DQG�KRZ�DOO�WKLV�GLYHUVLW\�has come about through adaptation and natural selection. It has sections on both traditional and novel uses of plants and plant ¿EUHV�DQG�WKH�XVH�RI�FKHPLFDO�H[WUDFWV�IURP�DQLPDOV�DQG�SODQWV��The concern for disappearing biodiversity and loss of potential natural resources is used to highlight the need for biologists to LGHQWLI\��QDPH�DQG�FODVVLI\�VSHFLHV��7KH�WRSLF�¿QLVKHV�E\�ORRNLQJ�DW�WKH�UROH�RI�]RRV�LQ�FRQVHUYDWLRQ�RI�HQGDQJHUHG�VSHFLHV��General biological principles covered include the relationship of plant anatomy to function and the structure and role of cellulose and starch.

6.2 Assessment information

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Unit 2 Development, Plants and the Environment

Section C © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

6.3 Topic 3: The voice of the genome

Students will be assessed on their ability to:

�� 'HPRQVWUDWH�NQRZOHGJH�DQG�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�RI�WKH�SUDFWLFDO�DQG�LQYHVWLJDWLYH�VNLOOV�LGHQWL¿HG�in numbers 4 and 5 in the table of How Science Works on page 13�RI�WKLV�VSHFL¿FDWLRQ�

3 Describe the ultrastructure of an animal (eukaryotic) FHOO��QXFOHXV��QXFOHROXV��ULERVRPHV��URXJK�DQG�VPRRWK�HQGRSODVPLF�UHWLFXOXP��PLWRFKRQGULD��FHQWULROHV��O\VRVRPHV��and Golgi apparatus) and recognise these organelles from EM images.

4 Explain the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) DQG�WKH�*ROJL�DSSDUDWXV�LQ�SURWHLQ�WUDQVSRUW�ZLWKLQ�FHOOV�DQG�LQFOXGLQJ�LWV�UROH�LQ�IRUPDWLRQ�RI�H[WUDFHOOXODU�HQ]\PHV�

2 'LVWLQJXLVK�EHWZHHQ�HXNDU\RWLF�DQG�SURNDU\RWLF�FHOOV�LQ�WHUPV�of their structure and ultrastructure.

6 ([SODLQ�WKH�UROH�RI�PLWRVLV�DQG�WKH�FHOO�F\FOH�IRU�JURZWK�DQG�asexual reproduction.

� 'HVFULEH�WKH�VWDJHV�RI�PLWRVLV�DQG�KRZ�WR�SUHSDUH�DQG�VWDLQ�D�URRW�WLS�VTXDVK�LQ�RUGHU�WR�REVHUYH�WKHP�SUDFWLFDOO\.

9 ([SODLQ�KRZ�PDPPDOLDQ�JDPHWHV�DUH�VSHFLDOLVHG�IRU�WKHLU�functions.

10 Describe the process of fertilisation in mammals and ÀRZHULQJ�SODQWV��VWDUWLQJ�ZLWK�WKH�DFURVRPH�UHDFWLRQ�LQ�PDPPDOV�DQG�SROOHQ�WXEH�JURZWK�LQ�SODQWV�DQG�HQGLQJ�ZLWK�WKH�IXVLRQ�RI�WKH�QXFOHL��DQG�H[SODLQ�WKH�LPSRUWDQFH�RI�fertilisation in sexual reproduction.

8 Explain the role of meiosis in the production of gametes and genetic variation through recombination of alleles and genes including independent assortment and crossing over (details of the stages of meiosis are not required).

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Development, Plants and the Environment Unit 2

Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

11 ([SODLQ�ZKDW�LV�PHDQW�E\�WKH�WHUPV�VWHP�FHOO��SOXULSRWHQF\�DQG�WRWLSRWHQF\�DQG�GLVFXVV�WKH�ZD\�VRFLHW\�XVHV�VFLHQWL¿F�NQRZOHGJH�WR�PDNH�GHFLVLRQV�DERXW�WKH�XVH�RI�VWHP�FHOOV�in medical therapies (eg regulatory authorities relating to KXPDQ�HPEU\R�UHVHDUFK��DELOLW\�RI�VWHP�FHOOV�WR�GHYHORS�LQWR�VSHFLDOLVHG�WLVVXHV��SRWHQWLDO�VRXUFHV�RI�VWHP�FHOOV��ZKR�FRXOG�EHQH¿W�IURP�WKH�WKHUDSLHV��SURFHGXUHV�WR�REWDLQ�VWHP�FHOOV�and their risks).

13 ([SODLQ�KRZ�FHOOV�EHFRPH�VSHFLDOLVHG�WKURXJK�GLIIHUHQWLDO�JHQH�H[SUHVVLRQ��SURGXFLQJ�DFWLYH�P51$�OHDGLQJ�WR�V\QWKHVLV�RI�SURWHLQV��ZKLFK�LQ�WXUQ�FRQWURO�FHOO�SURFHVVHV�RU�GHWHUPLQH�cell structure in animals and plants (details of transcription factors are not required at AS).

5 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WKH�FHOOV�RI�PXOWLFHOOXODU�RUJDQLVPV�FDQ�EH�RUJDQLVHG�LQWR�WLVVXHV��WLVVXHV�LQWR�RUJDQV�DQG�RUJDQV�LQWR�systems.

14 ([SODLQ�KRZ�SKHQRW\SH�LV�WKH�UHVXOW�RI�DQ�LQWHUDFWLRQ�EHWZHHQ�JHQRW\SH�DQG�WKH�HQYLURQPHQW��HJ�DQLPDO�KDLU�FRORXU��KXPDQ�KHLJKW��PRQRDPLQH�R[LGDVH�$��0$2$��DQG�FDQFHUV���EXW�WKH�data on the relative contributions of genes and environment LV�RIWHQ�GLI¿FXOW�WR�LQWHUSUHW�

���([SODLQ�KRZ�VRPH�SKHQRW\SHV�DUH�DIIHFWHG�E\�DOOHOHV�DW�PDQ\�ORFL��SRO\JHQLF�LQKHULWDQFH��DV�ZHOO�DV�WKH�HQYLURQPHQW��HJ�KHLJKW��DQG�KRZ�WKLV�FDQ�JLYH�ULVH�WR�SKHQRW\SHV�WKDW�VKRZ�continuous variation.

12 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WRWLSRWHQF\�FDQ�EH�GHPRQVWUDWHG�SUDFWLFDOO\�XVLQJ�SODQW�WLVVXH�FXOWXUH�WHFKQLTXHV.

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Unit 2 Development, Plants and the Environment

Section C © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

6.4 Topic 4: Biodiversity and natural resources

Students will be assessed on their ability to:

��� 'HPRQVWUDWH�NQRZOHGJH�DQG�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�RI�WKH�SUDFWLFDO�DQG�LQYHVWLJDWLYH�VNLOOV�LGHQWL¿HG�in numbers 4 and 5 in the table of How Science Works on page 13�RI�WKLV�VSHFL¿FDWLRQ�

13 Explain the terms biodiversity and endemism and describe KRZ�ELRGLYHUVLW\�FDQ�EH�PHDVXUHG�ZLWKLQ�D�KDELWDW�XVLQJ�VSHFLHV�ULFKQHVV�DQG�ZLWKLQ�D�VSHFLHV�XVLQJ�JHQHWLF�GLYHUVLW\��eg variety of alleles in a gene pool.

14 Describe the concept of niche and discuss examples of DGDSWDWLRQ�RI�RUJDQLVPV�WR�WKHLU�HQYLURQPHQW��EHKDYLRXUDO��physiological and anatomical).

��� 'HVFULEH�KRZ�QDWXUDO�VHOHFWLRQ�FDQ�OHDG�WR�DGDSWDWLRQ�DQG�evolution.

�� &RPSDUH�WKH�XOWUDVWUXFWXUH�RI�SODQW�FHOOV��FHOO�ZDOO��FKORURSODVWV��DP\ORSODVWV��YDFXROH��WRQRSODVW��SODVPRGHVPDWD��SLWV�DQG�PLGGOH�ODPHOOD��ZLWK�WKDW�RI�DQLPDO�cells.

3 Compare the structure and function of the polysaccharides starch and cellulose including the role of hydrogen bonds EHWZHHQ�!-glucose molecules in the formation of cellulose PLFUR¿EULOV�

�� &RPSDUH�WKH�VWUXFWXUHV��SRVLWLRQ�LQ�WKH�VWHP�DQG�IXQFWLRQ�RI�VFOHUHQFK\PD�¿EUHV��VXSSRUW��DQG�[\OHP�YHVVHOV��VXSSRUW�DQG�WUDQVSRUW�RI�ZDWHU�DQG�PLQHUDO�LRQV��

�� ([SODLQ�KRZ�WKH�DUUDQJHPHQW�RI�FHOOXORVH�PLFUR¿EULOV�LQ�SODQW�FHOO�ZDOOV�DQG�VHFRQGDU\�WKLFNHQLQJ�FRQWULEXWH�WR�WKH�SK\VLFDO�SURSHUWLHV�RI�SODQW�¿EUHV��ZKLFK�FDQ�EH�H[SORLWHG�E\�KXPDQV�

� ,GHQWLI\�VFOHUHQFK\PD�¿EUHV�DQG�[\OHP�YHVVHOV�DV�VHHQ�through a light microscope.

8 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WR�GHWHUPLQH�WKH�WHQVLOH�VWUHQJWK�RI�SODQW�¿EUHV�SUDFWLFDOO\.

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Development, Plants and the Environment Unit 2

Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

9 ([SODLQ�WKH�LPSRUWDQFH�RI�ZDWHU�DQG�LQRUJDQLF�LRQV��QLWUDWH��calcium ions and magnesium ions) to plants.

10 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WR�LQYHVWLJDWH�SODQW�PLQHUDO�GH¿FLHQFLHV�SUDFWLFDOO\.

�� 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WKH�XVHV�RI�SODQW�¿EUHV�DQG�VWDUFK�PD\�FRQWULEXWH�WR�VXVWDLQDELOLW\��HJ�SODQW�EDVHG�SURGXFWV�WR�replace oil-based plastics.

12 &RPSDUH�KLVWRULF�GUXJ�WHVWLQJ�ZLWK�FRQWHPSRUDU\�GUXJ�WHVWLQJ�SURWRFROV��HJ�:LOOLDP�:LWKHULQJ¶V�GLJLWDOLV�VRXS��GRXEOH�EOLQG�WULDOV��SODFHER��WKUHH�SKDVHG�WHVWLQJ�

11 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WR�LQYHVWLJDWH�WKH�DQWLPLFURELDO�SURSHUWLHV�RI�SODQWV.

16 Discuss the process and importance of critical evaluation of QHZ�GDWD�E\�WKH�VFLHQWL¿F�FRPPXQLW\��ZKLFK�OHDGV�WR�QHZ�taxonomic groupings (ie three domains based on molecular phylogeny).

���'LVFXVV�DQG�HYDOXDWH�WKH�PHWKRGV�XVHG�E\�]RRV�DQG�seedbanks in the conservation of endangered species and WKHLU�JHQHWLF�GLYHUVLW\��HJ�VFLHQWL¿F�UHVHDUFK��FDSWLYH�EUHHGLQJ�SURJUDPPHV��UHLQWURGXFWLRQ�SURJUDPPHV�DQG�HGXFDWLRQ��

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C Biology unit content

60 Section C © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

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61Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

Unit 4 The Natural Environment and Species Survival A2 compulsory unit Externally assessed

7.1 Unit description

Topic 5: On the wild side

This topic builds an appreciation that photosynthesis is the SULPDU\�SURFHVV�WKDW�XQGHUSLQV�WKH�PDMRULW\�RI�HFRV\VWHPV��DQG�SURYLGHV�VWXGHQWV�ZLWK�DQ�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�RI�KRZ�HFRV\VWHPV�ZRUN��7KH�WRSLF�FRQWLQXHV�E\�ORRNLQJ�DW�ZKHWKHU�FOLPDWH�FKDQJH�ZLOO�OHDG�WR�H[WLQFWLRQ�RI�VSHFLHV�RU�HYROXWLRQ�E\�QDWXUDO�VHOHFWLRQ��DQG�ORRNV�DW�WKH�HYLGHQFH�IRU�JOREDO�ZDUPLQJ�DQG�LWV�HIIHFWV�on plants and animals. By the end of the topic students should DSSUHFLDWH�KRZ�VFLHQWL¿F�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�FDQ�PDNH�XV�DZDUH�RI�RXU�UHVSRQVLELOLWLHV�DV�VWHZDUGV�RI�WKH�HQYLURQPHQW�

Topic 6: Infection, immunity and forensics

7KLV�WRSLF�VWDUWV�E\�ORRNLQJ�DW�KRZ�IRUHQVLF�SDWKRORJLVWV�XVH�D�ZLGH�YDULHW\�RI�DQDO\WLFDO�WHFKQLTXHV�WR�GHWHUPLQH�WKH�LGHQWLW\�RI�D�SHUVRQ�RU�RWKHU�DQLPDO��DQG�WR�HVWDEOLVK�WKH�WLPH�DQG�FDXVH�RI�GHDWK�RI�DQ�RUJDQLVP��LQFOXGLQJ�KXPDQV��,W�WKHQ�FRQVLGHUV�KRZ�bacteria and viruses use a variety of routes into their hosts and KRZ�KRVWV�KDYH�HYROYHG�EDUULHUV�DQG�LQWHUQDO�PHFKDQLVPV�WR�FRPEDW�LQIHFWLRQV��7KHVH�SURWHFWLRQV�DUH�QRW�DOZD\V�VXFFHVVIXO�DQG�PDQ\�SHRSOH�LQ�WKH�ZRUOG�VWLOO�GLH�IURP�LQIHFWLRXV�GLVHDVHV��This topic also investigates the evolutionary battles that take SODFH�EHWZHHQ�LQYDGLQJ�SDWKRJHQV�DQG�WKHLU�KRVWV��

7.2 Assessment information

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Unit 4 The Natural Environment and Species Survival

Section C © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

7.3 Topic 5: On the wild side

Students will be assessed on their ability to:

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11 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WR�FDUU\�RXW�D�VWXG\�RQ�WKH�HFRORJ\�RI�D�KDELWDW�WR�SURGXFH�YDOLG�DQG�UHOLDEOH�GDWD��LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�XVH�RI�TXDGUDWV�DQG�WUDQVHFWV�WR�DVVHVV�DEXQGDQFH�DQG�GLVWULEXWLRQ�RI�RUJDQLVPV�DQG�WKH�PHDVXUHPHQW�RI�DELRWLF�IDFWRUV��HJ�VRODU�HQHUJ\�LQSXW��FOLPDWH��WRSRJUDSK\��R[\JHQ�DYDLODELOLW\�DQG�HGDSKLF�IDFWRUV�.

10 Explain that the numbers and distribution of organisms in a habitat are controlled by biotic and abiotic factors.

12 ([SODLQ�KRZ�WKH�FRQFHSW�RI�QLFKH�DFFRXQWV�IRU�GLVWULEXWLRQ�DQG�abundance of organisms in a habitat.

13 Describe the concept of succession to a climax community.

14 2XWOLQH�WKH�FDXVHV�RI�JOREDO�ZDUPLQJ�±�LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�UROH�RI�JUHHQKRXVH�JDVHV��FDUERQ�GLR[LGH�DQG�PHWKDQH��&+4) in the greenhouse effect.

18 Analyse and interpret different types of evidence for JOREDO�ZDUPLQJ�DQG�LWV�FDXVHV��LQFOXGLQJ�UHFRUGV�RI�FDUERQ�GLR[LGH�OHYHOV��WHPSHUDWXUH�UHFRUGV��SROOHQ�LQ�SHDW�ERJV�and dendrochronology) recognising correlations and causal relationships.

19 'HVFULEH�WKDW�GDWD�FDQ�EH�H[WUDSRODWHG�WR�PDNH�SUHGLFWLRQV��WKDW�WKHVH�DUH�XVHG�LQ�PRGHOV�RI�IXWXUH�JOREDO�ZDUPLQJ��DQG�that these models have limitations.

20 'LVFXVV�WKH�ZD\�LQ�ZKLFK�VFLHQWL¿F�FRQFOXVLRQV�DERXW�FRQWURYHUVLDO�LVVXHV��VXFK�DV�ZKDW�DFWLRQV�VKRXOG�EH�WDNHQ�WR�UHGXFH�JOREDO�ZDUPLQJ�RU�WKH�GHJUHH�WR�ZKLFK�KXPDQV�DUH�DIIHFWLQJ�JOREDO�ZDUPLQJ��FDQ�VRPHWLPHV�GHSHQG�RQ�ZKR�LV�reaching the conclusions.

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The Natural Environment and Species Survival Unit 4

Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

15 'HVFULEH�WKH�HIIHFWV�RI�JOREDO�ZDUPLQJ��ULVLQJ�WHPSHUDWXUH��changing rainfall patterns and changes in seasonal cycles) on SODQWV�DQG�DQLPDOV��GLVWULEXWLRQ�RI�VSHFLHV��GHYHORSPHQW�DQG�life cycles).

16 Explain the effect of increasing temperature on the rate of HQ]\PH�DFWLYLW\�LQ�SODQWV��DQLPDOV�DQG�PLFUR�RUJDQLVPV�

�� 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WR�LQYHVWLJDWH�WKH�HIIHFWV�RI�WHPSHUDWXUH�RQ�WKH�GHYHORSPHQW�RI�RUJDQLVPV��HJ�VHHGOLQJ�JURZWK�UDWH��EULQH�VKULPS�KDWFK�UDWHV�.

3 Describe the overall reaction of photosynthesis as requiring HQHUJ\�IURP�OLJKW�WR�VSOLW�DSDUW�WKH�VWURQJ�ERQGV�LQ�ZDWHU�PROHFXOHV��VWRULQJ�WKH�K\GURJHQ�LQ�D�IXHO��JOXFRVH��E\�FRPELQLQJ�LW�ZLWK�FDUERQ�GLR[LGH�DQG�UHOHDVLQJ�R[\JHQ�LQWR�the atmosphere.

5 'HVFULEH�KRZ�SKRVSKRU\ODWLRQ�RI�$'3�UHTXLUHV�HQHUJ\�DQG�KRZ�K\GURO\VLV�RI�$73�SURYLGHV�DQ�LPPHGLDWH�VXSSO\�RI�energy for biological processes.

4 Describe the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis LQFOXGLQJ�KRZ�OLJKW�HQHUJ\�LV�WUDSSHG�E\�H[FLWLQJ�HOHFWURQV�LQ�FKORURSK\OO�DQG�WKH�UROH�RI�WKHVH�HOHFWURQV�LQ�JHQHUDWLQJ�$73��and reducing NADP in photophosphorylation and producing R[\JHQ�WKURXJK�SKRWRO\VLV�RI�ZDWHU�

6 Describe the light-independent reactions as reduction of carbon dioxide using the products of the light-dependent UHDFWLRQV��FDUERQ�¿[DWLRQ�LQ�WKH�&DOYLQ�F\FOH��WKH�UROH�RI�*3��*$/3��5X%3�DQG�58%,6&2��DQG�GHVFULEH�WKH�SURGXFWV�DV�VLPSOH�VXJDUV�WKDW�DUH�XVHG�E\�SODQWV��DQLPDOV�DQG�RWKHU�RUJDQLVPV�LQ�UHVSLUDWLRQ�DQG�WKH�V\QWKHVLV�RI�QHZ�ELRORJLFDO�PROHFXOHV��LQFOXGLQJ�SRO\VDFFKDULGHV��DPLQR�DFLGV��OLSLGV�DQG�nucleic acids).

2 Describe the structure of chloroplasts in relation to their role in photosynthesis.

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Unit 4 The Natural Environment and Species Survival

Section C © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

� Carry out calculations of net primary productivity and explain WKH�UHODWLRQVKLS�EHWZHHQ�JURVV�SULPDU\�SURGXFWLYLW\��QHW�primary productivity and plant respiration.

8 &DOFXODWH�WKH�HI¿FLHQF\�RI�HQHUJ\�WUDQVIHUV�EHWZHHQ�WURSKLF�levels.

9 'LVFXVV�KRZ�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�WKH�FDUERQ�F\FOH�FDQ�OHDG�WR�methods to reduce atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide (including the use of biofuels and reforestation).

21 'HVFULEH�KRZ�HYROXWLRQ��D�FKDQJH�LQ�WKH�DOOHOH�IUHTXHQF\��FDQ�come about through gene mutation and natural selection.

���'HVFULEH�WKH�UROH�RI�WKH�VFLHQWL¿F�FRPPXQLW\�LQ�YDOLGDWLQJ�QHZ�HYLGHQFH��LQFOXGLQJ�PROHFXODU�ELRORJ\��HJ�'1$��SURWHRPLFV��VXSSRUWLQJ�WKH�DFFHSWHG�VFLHQWL¿F�WKHRU\�RI�HYROXWLRQ��VFLHQWL¿F�MRXUQDOV��WKH�SHHU�UHYLHZ�SURFHVV��VFLHQWL¿F�conferences).

22 ([SODLQ�KRZ�UHSURGXFWLYH�LVRODWLRQ�FDQ�OHDG�WR�VSHFLDWLRQ�

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The Natural Environment and Species Survival Unit 4

Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

7.4 Topic 6: Infection, immunity and forensics

Students will be assessed on their ability to:

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9 Describe the role of micro-organisms in the decomposition of organic matter and the recycling of carbon.

5 'HVFULEH�KRZ�'1$�SUR¿OLQJ�LV�XVHG�IRU�LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ�DQG�GHWHUPLQLQJ�JHQHWLF�UHODWLRQVKLSV�EHWZHHQ�RUJDQLVPV��SODQWV�and animals).

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11 ([SODLQ�KRZ�EDFWHULDO�DQG�YLUDO�LQIHFWLRXV�GLVHDVHV�KDYH�D�VHTXHQFH�RI�V\PSWRPV�WKDW�PD\�UHVXOW�LQ�GHDWK��LQFOXGLQJ�the diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) and +XPDQ�,PPXQRGH¿FLHQF\�9LUXV��+,9��

12 'HVFULEH�WKH�QRQ�VSHFL¿F�UHVSRQVHV�RI�WKH�ERG\�WR�LQIHFWLRQ��LQFOXGLQJ�LQÀDPPDWLRQ��O\VR]\PH�DFWLRQ��LQWHUIHURQ��DQG�phagocytosis.

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14 'LVWLQJXLVK�EHWZHHQ�WKH�UROHV�RI�%�FHOOV��LQFOXGLQJ�%�PHPRU\�DQG�%�HIIHFWRU�FHOOV��DQG�7�FHOOV��7�KHOSHU��7�NLOOHU�DQG�7�PHPRU\�FHOOV��LQ�WKH�ERG\¶V�LPPXQH�UHVSRQVH�

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3 ([SODLQ�WKH�SURFHVV�RI�SURWHLQ�V\QWKHVLV��WUDQVFULSWLRQ��WUDQVODWLRQ�PHVVHQJHU�51$��WUDQVIHU�51$��ULERVRPHV�DQG�WKH�role of start and stop codons) and explain the roles of the WHPSODWH��DQWLVHQVH��'1$�VWUDQG�LQ�WUDQVFULSWLRQ��FRGRQV�RQ�PHVVHQJHU�51$��DQWLFRGRQV�RQ�WUDQVIHU�51$�

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15 ([SODLQ�KRZ�LQGLYLGXDOV�PD\�GHYHORS�LPPXQLW\��QDWXUDO��DUWL¿FLDO��DFWLYH��SDVVLYH��

16 'LVFXVV�KRZ�WKH�WKHRU\�RI�DQ�µHYROXWLRQDU\�UDFH¶�EHWZHHQ�pathogens and their hosts is supported by the evasion PHFKDQLVPV�DV�VKRZQ�E\�+XPDQ�,PPXQRGH¿FLHQF\�9LUXV��+,9��DQG�Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB).

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18 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WR�LQYHVWLJDWH�WKH�HIIHFW�RI�GLIIHUHQW�DQWLELRWLFV�RQ�EDFWHULD.

19 'HVFULEH�KRZ�DQ�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�RI�WKH�FRQWULEXWRU\�FDXVHV�of hospital acquired infections have led to codes of practice relating to antibiotic prescription and hospital practice relating to infection prevention and control.

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Unit 5 Energy, Exercise and Coordination A2 compulsory unit Externally assessed

8.1 Unit description

Topic 7: Run for your life

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7KH�VFHQH�LV�VHW�E\�FRQVLGHULQJ�KRZ�WKH�ZRUNLQJ�RI�WKH�QHUYRXV�system enables us to see. Brain imaging and the regions of WKH�EUDLQ�DUH�FRQVLGHUHG��7KH�WRSLF�DOVR�GHPRQVWUDWHV�KRZ�DQ�understanding of brain structure and functioning is relevant to VXFK�LVVXHV�DV�WKH�UHVSRQVH�WR�VWLPXOL��WKH�GHYHORSPHQW�RI�YLVLRQ�DQG�OHDUQLQJ��,W�LQYHVWLJDWHV�KRZ�LPEDODQFHV�LQ�EUDLQ�FKHPLFDOV�PD\�UHVXOW�LQ�FRQGLWLRQV�VXFK�DV�3DUNLQVRQ¶V�GLVHDVH�DQG�LWV�WUHDWPHQW�ZLWK�GUXJV�DUH�LQYHVWLJDWHG��6WXGHQWV�GLVFXVV�WKH�HWKLFDO�LVVXHV�UDLVHG�E\�WKH�+XPDQ�*HQRPH�3URMHFW�DQG�WKH�ULVNV�DQG�EHQH¿WV�RI�XVLQJ�JHQHWLFDOO\�PRGL¿HG�RUJDQLVPV�

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Unit 5 Energy, Exercise and Coordination

Section C © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

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4 5HFDOO�WKH�ZD\�LQ�ZKLFK�PXVFOHV��WHQGRQV��WKH�VNHOHWRQ�DQG�OLJDPHQWV�LQWHUDFW�WR�HQDEOH�PRYHPHQW��LQFOXGLQJ�DQWDJRQLVWLF�PXVFOH�SDLUV��H[WHQVRUV�DQG�ÀH[RUV�

3 Explain the contraction of skeletal muscle in terms of the VOLGLQJ�¿ODPHQW�WKHRU\��LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�UROH�RI�DFWLQ��P\RVLQ��WURSRQLQ��WURSRP\RVLQ��FDOFLXP�LRQV��&D2+���$73�DQG�$73DVH�

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Energy, Exercise and Coordination Unit 5

Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

5 Describe the overall reaction of aerobic respiration as splitting of the respiratory substrate (eg glucose) to release carbon GLR[LGH�DV�D�ZDVWH�SURGXFW�DQG�UHXQLWLQJ�RI�K\GURJHQ�ZLWK�DWPRVSKHULF�R[\JHQ�ZLWK�WKH�UHOHDVH�RI�D�ODUJH�DPRXQW�RI�energy.

� 5HFDOO�KRZ�SKRVSKRU\ODWLRQ�RI�$'3�UHTXLUHV�HQHUJ\�DQG�KRZ�hydrolysis of ATP provides an accessible supply of energy for biological processes.

8 Describe the roles of glycolysis in aerobic and anaerobic UHVSLUDWLRQ��LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�SKRVSKRU\ODWLRQ�RI�KH[RVHV��WKH�SURGXFWLRQ�RI�$73��UHGXFHG�FRHQ]\PH�DQG�S\UXYDWH�DFLG�(details of intermediate stages and compounds are not required).

9 Describe the role of the Krebs cycle in the complete oxidation RI�JOXFRVH�DQG�IRUPDWLRQ�RI�FDUERQ�GLR[LGH��&22���$73��reduced NAD and reduced FAD (names of other compounds are not required) and that respiration is a many-stepped SURFHVV�ZLWK�HDFK�VWHS�FRQWUROOHG�DQG�FDWDO\VHG�E\�D�VSHFL¿F�LQWUDFHOOXODU�HQ]\PH�

10 Describe the synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation DVVRFLDWHG�ZLWK�WKH�HOHFWURQ�WUDQVSRUW�FKDLQ�LQ�PLWRFKRQGULD��including the role of chemiosmosis and ATPase.

11 Explain the fate of lactate after a period of anaerobic respiration in animals.

12 Understand that cardiac muscle is myogenic and describe the QRUPDO�HOHFWULFDO�DFWLYLW\�RI�WKH�KHDUW��LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�UROHV�RI�WKH�VLQRDWULDO�QRGH��6$1���WKH�DWULRYHQWULFXODU�QRGH��$91��DQG�WKH�EXQGOH�RI�+LV��DQG�KRZ�WKH�XVH�RI�HOHFWURFDUGLRJUDPV��(&*V��FDQ�DLG�WKH�GLDJQRVLV�RI�FDUGLRYDVFXODU�GLVHDVH��&9'��and other heart conditions.

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Unit 5 Energy, Exercise and Coordination

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13 ([SODLQ�KRZ�YDULDWLRQV�LQ�YHQWLODWLRQ�DQG�FDUGLDF�RXWSXW�enable rapid delivery of oxygen to tissues and the removal RI�FDUERQ�GLR[LGH�IURP�WKHP��LQFOXGLQJ�KRZ�WKH�KHDUW�UDWH�and ventilation rate are controlled and the roles of the cardiovascular control centre and the ventilation centre.

14 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WR�LQYHVWLJDWH�WKH�HIIHFWV�RI�H[HUFLVH�RQ�WLGDO�YROXPH�DQG�EUHDWKLQJ�UDWH�XVLQJ�GDWD�IURP�VSLURPHWHU�WUDFHV.

2 'HVFULEH�WKH�VWUXFWXUH�RI�D�PXVFOH�¿EUH�DQG�H[SODLQ�WKH�VWUXFWXUDO�DQG�SK\VLRORJLFDO�GLIIHUHQFHV�EHWZHHQ�IDVW�DQG�VORZ�WZLWFK�PXVFOH�¿EUHV�

15 Explain the principle of negative feedback in maintaining V\VWHPV�ZLWKLQ�QDUURZ�OLPLWV�

16 Discuss the concept of homeostasis and its importance in maintaining the body in a state of dynamic equilibrium during H[HUFLVH��LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�UROH�RI�WKH�K\SRWKDODPXV�DQG�WKH�mechanisms of thermoregulation.

18 Analyse and interpret data on possible disadvantages of H[HUFLVLQJ�WRR�PXFK��ZHDU�DQG�WHDU�RQ�MRLQWV��VXSSUHVVLRQ�of the immune system) and exercising too little (increased ULVN�RI�REHVLW\��FRURQDU\�KHDUW�GLVHDVH��&+'��DQG�GLDEHWHV���recognising correlation and causal relationships.

19 ([SODLQ�KRZ�PHGLFDO�WHFKQRORJ\��LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�XVH�RI�NH\KROH�VXUJHU\�DQG�SURVWKHVHV��LV�HQDEOLQJ�WKRVH�ZLWK�LQMXULHV�DQG�GLVDELOLWLHV�WR�SDUWLFLSDWH�LQ�VSRUWV��HJ�FUXFLDWH�OLJDPHQWV�UHSDLU�XVLQJ�NH\KROH�VXUJHU\�DQG�NQHH�MRLQW�UHSODFHPHQW�using prosthetics.

20 2XWOLQH�WZR�HWKLFDO�SRVLWLRQV�UHODWLQJ�WR�ZKHWKHU�WKH�XVH�RI�performance-enhancing substances by athletes is acceptable.

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Energy, Exercise and Coordination Unit 5

Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

8.4 Topic 8: Grey matter

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3 'HVFULEH�WKH�VWUXFWXUH�DQG�IXQFWLRQ�RI�VHQVRU\��UHOD\�DQG�PRWRU�QHXURQHV�LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�UROH�RI�6FKZDQQ�FHOOV�DQG�myelination.

� ([SODLQ�KRZ�WKH�QHUYRXV�V\VWHPV�RI�RUJDQLVPV�FDQ�FDXVH�HIIHFWRUV�WR�UHVSRQG�DV�H[HPSOL¿HG�E\�SXSLO�GLODWLRQ�DQG�contraction.

4 'HVFULEH�KRZ�D�QHUYH�LPSXOVH��DFWLRQ�SRWHQWLDO��LV�FRQGXFWHG�along an axon including changes in membrane permeability to sodium and potassium ions and the role of the nodes of Ranvier.

2 'HVFULEH�KRZ�SODQWV�GHWHFW�OLJKW�XVLQJ�SKRWRUHFHSWRUV�DQG�KRZ�WKH\�UHVSRQG�WR�HQYLURQPHQWDO�FXHV�

5 'HVFULEH�WKH�VWUXFWXUH�DQG�IXQFWLRQ�RI�V\QDSVHV��LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�UROH�RI�QHXURWUDQVPLWWHUV��VXFK�DV�DFHW\OFKROLQH�

6 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WKH�QHUYRXV�V\VWHPV�RI�RUJDQLVPV�FDQ�GHWHFW�VWLPXOL�ZLWK�UHIHUHQFH�WR�URGV�LQ�WKH�UHWLQD�RI�PDPPDOV��WKH�UROHV�RI�UKRGRSVLQ��RSVLQ��UHWLQDO��VRGLXP�LRQV��FDWLRQ�channels and hyperpolarisation of rod cells in forming action potentials in the optic neurones.

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9 Locate and state the functions of the regions of the human EUDLQ¶V�FHUHEUDO�KHPLVSKHUHV��DELOLW\�WR�VHH��WKLQN��OHDUQ�DQG�IHHO�HPRWLRQV���K\SRWKDODPXV��WKHUPRUHJXODWH���FHUHEHOOXP�(coordinate movement) and medulla oblongata (control the heartbeat).

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Unit 5 Energy, Exercise and Coordination

Section C © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

10 'HVFULEH�WKH�XVH�RI�PDJQHWLF�UHVRQDQFH�LPDJLQJ��05,���functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans in medical diagnosis and investigating brain structure and function.

11 'LVFXVV�ZKHWKHU�WKHUH�H[LVWV�D�FULWLFDO�µZLQGRZ¶�ZLWKLQ�ZKLFK�humans must be exposed to particular stimuli if they are to develop their visual capacities to the full.

14 'HVFULEH�KRZ�DQLPDOV��LQFOXGLQJ�KXPDQV��FDQ�OHDUQ�E\�habituation.

12 Describe the role animal models have played in developing H[SODQDWLRQV�RI�KXPDQ�EUDLQ�GHYHORSPHQW�DQG�IXQFWLRQ��LQFOXGLQJ�+XEHO�DQG�:LHVHO¶V�H[SHULPHQWV�ZLWK�PRQNH\V�DQG�kittens.

16 Discuss the moral and ethical issues relating to the use of DQLPDOV�LQ�PHGLFDO�UHVHDUFK�IURP�WZR�HWKLFDO�VWDQGSRLQWV�

�� ([SODLQ�KRZ�LPEDODQFHV�LQ�FHUWDLQ��QDWXUDOO\�RFFXUULQJ��brain chemicals can contribute to ill health (eg dopamine in 3DUNLQVRQ¶V�GLVHDVH�DQG�VHURWRQLQ�LQ�GHSUHVVLRQ��DQG�WR�WKH�GHYHORSPHQW�RI�QHZ�GUXJV�

18 ([SODLQ�WKH�HIIHFWV�RI�GUXJV�RQ�V\QDSWLF�WUDQVPLVVLRQV��LQFOXGLQJ�WKH�XVH�RI�/�'RSD�LQ�WKH�WUHDWPHQW�RI�3DUNLQVRQ¶V�disease and the action of MDMA in ecstasy.

19 'LVFXVV�KRZ�WKH�RXWFRPHV�RI�WKH�+XPDQ�*HQRPH�3URMHFW�DUH�EHLQJ�XVHG�LQ�WKH�GHYHORSPHQW�RI�QHZ�GUXJV�DQG�WKH�VRFLDO��moral and ethical issues this raises.

20 'HVFULEH�KRZ�GUXJV�FDQ�EH�SURGXFHG�XVLQJ�JHQHWLFDOO\�PRGL¿HG�RUJDQLVPV��SODQWV�DQG�DQLPDOV�DQG�PLFUR�organisms).

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Energy, Exercise and Coordination Unit 5

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13 Consider the methods used to compare the contributions of QDWXUH�DQG�QXUWXUH�WR�EUDLQ�GHYHORSPHQW��LQFOXGLQJ�HYLGHQFH�IURP�WKH�DELOLWLHV�RI�QHZERUQ�EDELHV��DQLPDO�H[SHULPHQWV��VWXGLHV�RI�LQGLYLGXDOV�ZLWK�GDPDJHG�EUDLQ�DUHDV��WZLQ�VWXGLHV�and cross-cultural studies.

15 'HVFULEH�KRZ�WR�LQYHVWLJDWH�KDELWXDWLRQ�WR�D�VWLPXOXV.

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i Apparatus and materials are handled correctly and safely and manipulative techniques are used in an appropriate and safe manner.

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Practical Biology and Research Skills Unit 3

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9.2 Part 2: Visit or issue report

6WXGHQWV�DUH�H[SHFWHG�WR�IROORZ�WKH�FRQYHQWLRQV�IRU�WKH�collection and presentation of data set out in the document issued by the Institute of Biology:

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Unit 3 Practical Biology and Research Skills

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Identify and describe a question or problem in an area of biology relevant to a visit made or issue researched.

0–4 marks

Describe the biological methods and processes involved in producing data or solutions to problems or questions relevant to a visit made or issue researched.

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Use information or arguments obtained from three or more VRXUFHV��LQFOXGLQJ�DW�OHDVW�RQH�ZHE�EDVHG�DQG�RQH�QRW�ZHE�EDVHG��ZKHQ�UHVHDUFKLQJ�WKH�YLVLW�RU�LVVXH��&OHDUO\�identify any quotes from sources.

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Practical Biology and Research Skills Unit 3

Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

9.4 Organisation of the visit

7KH�YLVLW�PD\�WDNH�D�YDULHW\�RI�IRUPV��SURYLGHG�LW�JLYHV�VWXGHQWV�DQ�RSSRUWXQLW\�WR�PHHW�WKH�DVVHVVPHQW�FULWHULD�JLYHQ�DERYH��there are no restrictions on the nature of the visit. Some WHDFKHUV�PD\�ZLVK�WR�DUUDQJH�D�ZKROH�FODVV�YLVLW�WR�DQ�LQGXVWULDO�or research institution. Some students may prefer to make their RZQ�DUUDQJHPHQWV�WR�YLVLW�D�ORFDO�YHQXH��VXFK�DV�D�KRVSLWDO��JDUGHQ�FHQWUH�RU�VXSHUPDUNHW��+RZHYHU�WKH�YLVLW�LV�DUUDQJHG��WHDFKHUV�VKRXOG�HQVXUH�WKDW�VWXGHQWV�DUH�DZDUH�RI�WKH�FULWHULD�E\�ZKLFK�WKHLU�ZRUN�ZLOO�EH�DVVHVVHG�DQG�HQVXUH�WKDW�WKHVH�FULWHULD�may be met under the particular circumstance of the proposed visit(s).

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9.5 Organisation of the issue

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Unit 3 Practical Biology and Research Skills

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7KH�UHSRUW�PXVW�VKRZ�HYLGHQFH�VRXJKW�IURP�D�UDQJH�RI�VRXUFHV�and be targeted to a named audience. Students are expected to H[SORUH�WKH�ELRORJ\�WKH\�LGHQWLI\�ZKHQ�UHÀHFWLQJ�RQ�WKHLU�FKRVHQ�issue and this exploration should contribute to their reports. A VWXGHQW�ZKR�KDV�LGHQWL¿HG�DQ�LVVXH��UHVHDUFKHG�DQG�UHDG�WKH�UHOHYDQW�OLWHUDWXUH�IURP�D�UDQJH�RI�VRXUFHV��DQG�GLVFXVVHG�LW�ZLWK�RWKHUV�ZKHUH�DSSURSULDWH��VKRXOG�EH�DEOH�WR�PHHW�WKH�UHOHYDQW�assessment criteria.

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9.6 The report of the visit or issue

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Practical Biology and Research Skills Unit 3

Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

6WXGHQWV�VKRXOG�EH�DOORZHG�D�SHULRG�RI�DW�OHDVW�WZR�WR�WKUHH�ZHHNV�IROORZLQJ�WKH�LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ�RI�WKH�LVVXH�RU�RI�PDNLQJ�WKH�YLVLW�WR�ZULWH�DQG�VXEPLW�WKHLU�UHSRUWV��7KH�UHSRUW�ZLOO�EH�PDUNHG�out of a total of 40 marks against the assessment criteria. A PDUN�RI���ZLOO�EH�JLYHQ�LI�WKH�ZRUN�VXEPLWWHG�LV�XQZRUWK\�RI�DQ\�FUHGLW��:KHQ�D�VWXGHQW�IDLOV�WR�VXEPLW�ZRUN�E\�WKH�GXH�GDWH�VSHFL¿HG�E\�WKH�FHQWUH��WKLV�VKRXOG�EH�LQGLFDWHG�E\�UHFRUGLQJ�$�(for absence) in the mark record.

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Unit 6 Practical Biology and Investigative Skills A2 compulsory unit Internally assessed

10.1 Practical biology and investigative skills

The requirements at A2 level require further progression by the student as evidenced by the submission of an individual investigation in Unit 6.

Teachers should make the practical and investigative skills FULWHULD�DYDLODEOH�WR�VWXGHQWV�WR�HQDEOH�WKHP�WR�XQGHUVWDQG�ZKDW�is expected of them.

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i Apparatus and materials are handled correctly and safely and manipulative techniques are used in an appropriate and safe manner.

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b Produce and record reliable and valid results

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Unit 6 Practical Biology and Investigative Skills

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Practical Biology and Investigative Skills Unit 6

Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

10.2 Part 2: Individual investigation (45 marks)

6WXGHQWV�ZLOO�SUHVHQW�D�ZULWWHQ�UHSRUW��RI�DQ�H[SHULPHQWDO�investigation they have devised and carried out. The Individual ,QYHVWLJDWLRQ�LQ�8QLW���LV�DQ�LQGLYLGXDO�SUDFWLFDO�SURMHFW��ZKLFK�LV�GHVLJQHG�WR�VKRZ�SURJUHVVLRQ�IURP�WKH�LQWHUQDO�DVVHVVPHQW�in the AS course.

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Unit 6 Practical Biology and Investigative Skills

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10.3 Organisation

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Practical Biology and Investigative Skills Unit 6

Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

10.4 Preparation

Students should do some background research for their individual investigation. This research should help them LGHQWLI\�DQG�GH¿QH�D�ELRORJLFDO�TXHVWLRQ�RU�SUREOHP�WKDW�can be addressed and provide a clear rationale for their ZRUN��7KH\�VKRXOG�FRQVXOW�DSSURSULDWH�VRXUFHV��ZKLFK�PD\�LQFOXGH�WH[WERRNV��PDJD]LQHV�DQG�MRXUQDOV��&'�520V�DQG�WKH�ZRUOGZLGH�ZHE��5HSRUWV�VKRXOG�LQFOXGH�D�ELEOLRJUDSK\�RI�the sources consulted and references to electronic materials VKRXOG�JLYH�WKH�GDWH�RI�DFFHVV�DQG�FRQWDLQ�VXI¿FLHQW�GHWDLO�WR�DOORZ�WKH�UHDGHU�WR�FKHFN�WKH�VRXUFH�

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Unit 6 Practical Biology and Investigative Skills

Section C © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

10.5 Experimentation

Students are expected to use safe and skilful practical techniques that are appropriate to the purpose of the investigation and for the apparatus available. They should demonstrate an ability to set up apparatus correctly and use it HIIHFWLYHO\�ZLWK�GXH�UHJDUG�WR�VDIHW\�

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10.6 The report

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Practical Biology and Investigative Skills Unit 6

Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

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Unit 6 Practical Biology and Investigative Skills

Section C © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

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a There is some attempt to provide a rationale for the choice of investigation in terms of its scope and its relation to biological principles.

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a There is a partial rationale for the choice of investigation. The biological background to the investigation is developed to some extent.

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D� 7KH�UDWLRQDOH�IRU�WKH�LQYHVWLJDWLRQ�LV�FOHDU��LQ�WHUPV�RI�LWV�scope and relationship to biological principles.

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Practical Biology and Investigative Skills Unit 6

Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

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D� 7KHUH�LV�D�FOHDU�SODQ�RI�DFWLRQ��ERWK�IRU�DQ�LQLWLDO�WULDO�SKDVH�and for the main period of data collection. Apparatus selected and methods chosen are appropriate to the investigation. 7KHUH�LV�GLVFXVVLRQ�DERXW�KRZ�YDULDEOHV�DUH�FRQWUROOHG��manipulated or taken into account and about the collection of relevant observations or data.

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Unit 6 Practical Biology and Investigative Skills

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a Measurements and observations are recorded methodically DQG�DFFXUDWHO\�LQ�DSSURSULDWH�XQLWV��DQG�VRPH�WKRXJKW�LV�JLYHQ�to precision and repeatability.

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a Data are processed using appropriate methods that reveal trends and patterns. The chosen statistical tests are appropriate to the data to be analysed and the hypothesis to be tested. Calculations of statistical tests are clearly set RXW�DQG�LQWHUSUHWHG��XVLQJ�D�QXOO�K\SRWKHVLV�DQG���SHU�FHQW�FRQ¿GHQFH�OHYHOV�ZKHUH�DSSURSULDWH��7UHQGV�DQG�SDWWHUQV�DUH�LGHQWL¿HG�

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Practical Biology and Investigative Skills Unit 6

Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section C

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d There is some discussion of the credibility of sources used.

3–4 marks

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C Biology unit content

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Administration of internal assessment

1 Internal standardisation

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97Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section D

D Assessment and additional information

Assessment information

Assessment requirements

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D Assessment and additional information

98 Section D © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

Performance descriptions

Performance descriptions give the minimum acceptable level for a grade. See Appendix 1 for the performance descriptions for this VXEMHFW�

Unit results The minimum uniform marks required for each grade for each unit:

Unit 1

Unit grade $ % C D E

Maximum uniform mark = 120 �� �� 72 �� ��

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Unit 2

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Unit 3

Unit grade $ % C D E

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Unit 4

Unit grade $ % C D E

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Page 103: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

Assessment and additional information D

99Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section D

Unit 5

Unit grade $ % C D E

Maximum uniform mark = 120 �� �� 72 �� ��

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Unit 6

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Qualification results

The minimum uniform marks required for each grade:

Advanced Subsidiary Cash-in code 8BI01

4XDOL¿FDWLRQ�JUDGH $ % C D E

Maximum uniform mark = 300 240 210 ��� 150 120

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D Assessment and additional information

100 Section D © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

Quality of written communication

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Additional information

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102 Section D © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

Prior learning and progression

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103Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section E

E Resources, support and training

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Appendix 2 Glossary of terms used 117

Appendix 3 How Science Works mapping 121

Appendix 4 Wider curriculum 129

Appendix 5 Codes 131

Appendix 6 Further resources and support 133

Appendix 7 Mathematical requirements 135

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F Appendices

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Appendix 2 Glossary of terms used

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Page 122: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

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Page 123: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

119Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section F

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Page 124: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

F Appendices

120 Section F © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

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121Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section F

Appendix 3 How Science Works mapping

How Science Works mapped to learning outcomes

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Page 126: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

Appendix 3 How Science Works mapping

122 Section F © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

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Page 127: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

How Science Works mapping Appendix 3

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Page 128: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

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Page 129: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

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Page 130: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

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Page 131: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

127Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section F

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Page 132: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

F Appendices

128 Section F © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

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129Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section F

Appendix 4 Wider curriculum

Signposting

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Page 134: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

F Appendices

130 Section F © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

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131Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section F

Appendix 5 Codes

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Unit codes Each unit is assigned a unit code. This unit code is used as an entry code to indicate that a student ZLVKHV�WR�WDNH�WKH�DVVHVVPHQW�IRU�WKDW�XQLW��&HQWUHV�ZLOO�QHHG�WR�XVH�WKH�HQWU\�FRGHV�RQO\�ZKHQ�HQWHULQJ�students for their examination.

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Page 136: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

F Appendices

132 Section F © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

Page 137: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

133Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section F

Appendix 6 Further resources and support

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Books Biological Nomenclature – standard terms and expressions used in

the teaching of biology��Third Edition��,QVWLWXWH�RI�%LRORJ\��������ISBN 0900490365

Signs, Symbols and Systematics, The ASE Companion to 16–19

Science �$6(��������,6%1�����������

Topics in Safety��Third Edition��$6(��������,6%1�����������

Useful websites ZZZ�HGH[FHO�FRP�JFH����

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Other support 7KH�6DOWHUV�1XI¿HOG�$GYDQFHG�%LRORJ\�SURMHFW�WHDP�RI�WKH�University of York Science Education Group runs in-service courses IRU�WHDFKHUV�DQG�WHFKQLFLDQV�IURP�FHQWUHV�WKDW�DUH�IROORZLQJ��RU�SUHSDULQJ�WR�IROORZ��WKLV�*&(�%LRORJ\�VSHFL¿FDWLRQ��

7KH�SURMHFW�WHDP�DOVR�UXQV�DQ�DGYLFH�VHUYLFH�WR�KHOS�ZLWK�TXHVWLRQV�concerning the teaching of the course.

,QVWLWXWH�RI�%LRORJ\ +HDG�RI�(GXFDWLRQ�DQG�7UDLQLQJ Institute of Biology 9 Red Lion Court London EC4A 3EF

7HOHSKRQH�� ������������� :HEVLWH�� ZZZ�societyofbiology.org

1DWLRQDO�&HQWUH�IRU�%LRWHFKQRORJ\�(GXFDWLRQ The University of Reading Science and Technology Centre Earley Gate Reading RG6 6BZ

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Page 138: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

134 Section F © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology

Appendix 6 Further resources and support

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Page 139: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

135Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE in Biology © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Section F

Appendix 7 Mathematical requirements

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1. Arithmetic and numerical computation

Recognise and use expressions in decimal and standard form.

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Use a simple statistical test.

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Substitute numerical values into algebraic equations using appropriate units for physical quantities

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Page 141: 6SHFL¿FDWLRQ Specification_Bio.pdf · 2017-03-16 · Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Biology (8BI01) First examination 2014 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE

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Publications Code UA035220All the material in this publication is copyright© Pearson Education Limited 2013

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Publication code UA035220

For more information on Edexcel and BTEC quali!cations please visit our website: www.edexcel.com

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