Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Western Region EL & P

Chevron

STORAGE TANKS TANK SELECTION - (JAC) A, GENERAL B , BASIC DATA REQUIREDCAPACITY SEEVICEAND USE LIQUIDPROPERTIES SITE CONDITIONS FIREPROTECTION REQUI~EMENTS GOYERNMENTAL REGULATIONS C, TANK DIMENSIONS CONE ROOF TANKS SHELL THICKNESS LIMITATIONS SEISMICDESIGNLIMITATIONS D, ROOF SELECTION GENERAL VAPOR EMIssI ON CONTROL (EVAPORATION LOSSES) FIRE PROTECTION EXPLOSIONH A Z A ~ B VAPOR SPACE CORROSION E, GONE WOOFS F , BOTTOM GONFIGU2ATION11,

TANK DESIGN - (JAC) A, GENERAL

BPI STANDARD 650 A$ I IBt4OGRkY

SPEC IFHCATIBNS E6-967 AND E6-968AVAILABLE COMPUTER PROGWMS

BASIC DATA DESZGPJMETAL TEHPEXATUREM ~ x z i d u nFILLIHG AND EHPTYINGRATES DESIGN ~ H N VELQCISY D%ARTHQUAKE ZONE

ROOF

LOADING

OVERALL DESHGfl CONSIDERATIONS C ~ ~ R O S I ALLO~~ANCE ONBRITTLE FRACTURE AND QUALITYOF

STEEL

SULFIDE CRACKINGAND TANKSSTEELS

BOWOPI DESIGN!~ATER~ALS

ANF~ULWRBOTTOMPLATES AND SKETCH PLATES

PERHISSHBLE SETVLEHENT CATHODIC PROTECT ION

SHELL DESIGN

SELECTIO~I OF DESIGNBASIS WIND Ssasr~~r OF v BANK SHELLSEARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE CONE ROOF DESIGN\ATE~IALSOF

TANKS

FRANG 1BLE ROOF JOINT

K

MISCELLANEOUS

PREPRIMING OF TANK STEEL111, SELECTION O f APPURTENANCES - (JRS) A,

B,C,

IrdTRODUCTHBa FORMS EF-33C3 AND EF-3SFR COMPA!iY DRAW I IGS API STWblDAWDS MAtiUFACTURERS' STANDARDS

D,E, F,IV,

ECOtiOMY

I M SELECTIOj

TAMK OPENINGS - (JRS) A. BPI SHELL 14AflWOLES

B,C,

LARGER ACCESSWAY SMELL NOZZLES

D,

SWELL CLEANOUTSFLUSH-TYPE CLEANOUTS

3oow SWEETCLEANBUTSE, F, ELBOW 6UTiEB SIPHOf4-TYPE WATER

DRAWOFF

G,H,

WATER DRAWOFF SUF4PS

UtiDER-BO$TOH COliFiECTI Or4HATER D ~ A H O F ELBOWS F COMB I ~ ~ A T I O M CLEANOUT AND WATER DRAW

LARGE BOTTOM? ~ Q Z Z L E SBQTTOW SUMP

I, ROOF MANHOLES FUNCTION STANDARDAPI ROOF ~YANHOLE

J,K, L,V,

RECTANGULAR WOOF WINDOW SHEETS

?!ANHOLE

GAGE FLOAT I N INSPECTION HATCH API ROOF NOZZLES

GAGING AND SAPIPLING DEVICES - (JRS)

A,8,

VAPOR-TIGHT GAGE HATCH FUMNEL-TYPE THIEF AND GAGE HATCH MULTIPLE USE HATCH GAGE WELLS FIXED RQOF TANKS TANK GAGING

C,D,E,

VI,

OPERATING DEVICES - (JRS) A, SWING PIPESGENERAL

ELBOW SY I M G $0 I NTSCABLES

W~~cts~s

B,

CABLE SHEAVESFOR COME ROOF TANKS TANK HEATERS AND HEAT LOSSESGENERAL

INTERNAL HEATERS

EXTERNAL HEATERS TANK MIXERS PROPELLERTYPE TANK 1 4 1 x 1 ~ YOZZLES ~ THEUIAL CtOS i NG HANK VALVESGENE~AL

USESMA 1 NTENANCE TYPES OF VALVES

VII,

VAPOR RELIEF - FIXED ROOF - (JWSI A, GENERAL

B,

VEMTIYG CAPACITY At49 PRESSURESOPEN VEHTS

BREATHERVALYESEMERGENCY VENTS

VIII,

ACCESS - (JRS)A, LADDERS

B,

STAIRSHANDRAILS SPEC I A t NALKYAY%

C,

D,IX,

ORDERING DATA - (JWC)

A,B,

GENERAL TANK 8 APPURTENANCE SCHEDULE REFERENCE DRAidIdGS TANK SPECIFICATIBHS PLANT REGULATIONS OTHER DOCUIENTS L I S T SHEETS

C,

D,

En F,

G,

TANK LOCATIOM - (JAC) A, CONSIDERATIONS OPERATING REQUIRE~IENTS TOPOGZAPHY FIRE PRBTECTHONREQUI UTILIZATIONOF

REPENTS

PROPERTY

B,

LOCAT I Of4 AdD SPAC I MG GENERAL DISTANCE Ways SHELL-TO-SWELL SPACING SPACINGFROMFWO:4 ~ % ? O P E ~ T LINES Y AND

PUBLIC

OPERATING FACILITIES

C,

IMPOUNDING

AND D R A I ~ A G E

DRAINAGE TAMK YARD WALLS DIKE ENCLOSURE CAPACITY INTERMEDIATE CURBS OR DRAINAGE CHANNELS

TANK FOUNDATIONS - (JAC)

A, B, C,

SCOPE PURPOSE INTRODUCTIOII BACMGROUl\aT) SOIL PROPERTIES SETTLEMNT EDGE SETTLEWENT

D.

E, F,

BES I Gi4 GUIDELINESSITE COiiDITIO3IS SOIL TYPE SMALL TANKS CORROSION ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ADDITIONAL IMFORl4ATION

6,

H,J,XII,

I, APPURTE?iANCES

CONNECTING LINES (JAC)

A,

PURPOSE AND SCOPE

B,

C, D,E,

F, G, H,

REQUIZEFIEflTS FOR FLEXIBILITY METHODS O F PROVIDING FLEXIBILITY PIPING BENDS VALVES AND FITTINGS FLEXIBLE JOINTS FLEXIBLE METAL HOSE FLEXIBLE RUBBER HOSE

XIII,

TANK MAINTEMANCE - (MWM) A,SCOPE CLEAN I NG GENERAL ACCESS DOOR SHEETS@,AND

B,

ROOF

~INDOWS

SHELL GENERAL RERATINGAND

RETIRING

STRESSES

D,

FREQUENCY OF INSPECTI ON INSPECTION OF SHELL LAMINATED PLATE REFERENCES BOT'TOPIS GENERAL STRESSES EVIDENCE OF FAILURE INSPECTION AFTER CLEANING SANPLES SHELL TO BOTTOM CONNECTION UPPER SURFACE CORROSION REPAIR OF DEFECTS BY WELDING NAJQRBOTTOM REPAIR HETHQBS REFERENCES FIBERGLASS WE INFORCED POLYESTER COATINGS UNREINFORCED PLASTIC COATINGS METAL-BEAR ING COAT INGS

CONCRETE FILL

GEL^ MUD FILLS CATHODIC PROTECTION ROOFGENERAL

FOUIiDAY ION PADSETTLEHENT DUETO

CO~I!PRESSION

PROTECTIVE COATI iVGS

INTERNAL PROTECTIONUSEOF

GUWITEAND

?LAST1c COAT1MG

PATCH1NG

REFERENCESPAINTING REFERENCE APROMS ANII GUTTERSGENERAL

H,

XIV

HOT TAPPING OF TAHKS A,

IN SERVICE - (JAC)

B,C, D E,8

GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIBfiS

EQUIPMENTINSPECTIOf4 STAHDARDS PROCEDURE SMALL COMNECTIONS UPTO

F8

2 INCHES

G,XV

PIPE CONNECTIONS OVER 2 INCHES FIRE PROTECTION

DETERMINATION OF INSPECTION INTERVALS - (NWM) A, SCOPE B , OBJECTIVE C , DEFINITIONS B , INSPECTIONS E, I MSPECTIBN INTERVAL F, OTHER FACTORS G , CORROSION H, CORRECTIVE WORK I , REPORTS PRODUCTION TANKS - (JRS) A, I NTRODUCTION B, CODE AND STAPdDARDS API STANDARESOSjA ~ E G U L A T I O M S

XVI ,

C,

REGULATIONS DESI GM COiiSSDERATIOfiS SCOPE GENERAL COLD ~IEWTHER SERVICE W I N D STABILITY EARTHQUAKE STABILITYOTHER

I, TANK SELECTIOM

A,

GENERALTHEPURCHASE OF A TANK OR GROUP OF TANKS INVOLVESPHASES OF E N G I N E E R I N G WORM BEFORE CAN BE A

THREE

PRIMARY COVERING

CONTRACT

FA3RICATION

AND

ERECTION

COMPLETED, AND TYPEAND

THESE PHASESOF,

ARE:

SELECTFOR

THE TANK DIMENSIONSTHE SERVICE

ROOF

APPROPRIATE DESIGN THE

CONDITIONS SELECT

LOCATION,

TANK,

AND WORK AND

FINALLY,

THE

PROPER APPURTENANCES,

THIS

I S NECESSARY FOR THE

PREPARATION

OF

THEFOR

TANK

FORMS, EF-33CRFLOATING-ROOF DESCRIBINGAND

CONE-ROOF

APPURTENANCE SCHEDULE TANKS AND EF-33FW FORTANK,

TANKS,

WHICH ARE THE B A S I C DOCUMENTS F O 2 AAND

SPECIFYINGOF

FULLARE

SIZE

TRANSPARENC I ES

EF-33CR

EF-333

AVAILABLE

FROM

CORPOWATIOPI ENGINEERING,INFORMATION VERTICAL

THE

AND

GUIDANCE

PROVIDED

IS

DIRECTED TANKS FOR

TOWARD

ABOVE-GROUND SINCE THEY

WELDED

STEEL

ATMOSPHERIC

STORAGE

REPRESENT

THE

MAJORITY

OF TANKS USED WITHIN

THE

COMPANY,OF

THE

FOLLOWING

BIANUALS

THE

CORPORATION

ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT MUSTTANKS :

BE CONSULTED I N S E L E C T I N G AND D E S I G N I N S

IN ADDITION, THE FOLLOWING DESIGN PRACTICES OF THE CORPORATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT PROVIDE USEFUL TOOLS,.

AND INFORMATION:

1, 2,3,"4.

D-131-8 D-131-9 D-131-10 D-131-15

FIRE PROTECTION FOR LARGE TANKS COHPUTEW PROGRAMS,WIND 1" AND WIND 2% COMPUTERPROGRAM,AP165" COMPUTERPROGRAN,TANKE

B,

BASIC DATA

THE NOMINALTHE SHELL

CAPACITY IS THE TOTAL VOLUME TO THE TOP OFEXPRESSED

IN

ROUND

NUHBERS;

THE

GROSS

CAPACITY IS THE SAME VOLUME ACCURATE STATED,

THE

OPERATING CAPACITY IS USABLE VOLUME,

THE

DIFFERENCE

REPRESENTS DEAD STORAGE WHICH IS UNAVAILABLE BECAUSE OF LIMITATIONS ON BOTH THE MAXIMUM FILLING HEIGHT AND THE

MI N I MUMHOLD TO

wI THDRAWALA MINIMUM

LEVEL.AND

UNAVAILABLESHOULD NOT

I NVENTORY SHOULD BE OVERLOOKED IN

S I Z I N G A TANK,

ROST

OPERATING O R G A N I Z A T I O N S HAVE

STANDARDS WHIC51 AND

S P E C I F Y THE SAFE F I L L I N G H E I G H T FOR NEW TANKS,

T H I S WILL F I X THE UNUSED STORAGE VOLUME AT THE TOP OF THE TANK,

FOR CONE ROOF TANKS, , . BE 6" TO 12" OF SHELL:5

THIS HEIGHT,

STOWAGE WILL GENERALLY

FOR

TANKS

LOCATED

IN

EARTHQUAKE BE GIVEN TO

ZONES

3

AND

4,THE

CONSIDERATION

SHOULD

INCREASING

UNUSED VOLUME A T THE TOP OF THE TANK TO ALLOW FOR SLOSHING OF THE CONTENTS THAT MAY OCCUR D U R I N G Afd EARTHQUAKE I M ORDER TO AVOID STOCK SPILLAGE AND

DANAGE TO THE ROOF AND UPPER SHELL.FREEBOARD OF

GENERALLY,

A

2

FEET

WILL

BE

SUFFICIENT,

INTHE

C O N S I D E R I N G WHETHER TO P R O V I D E T H I S FREEBOARD,

P R O B A B I L I T Y OF OCCURRENCE OF AN EARTHQUAKE W I T H A F U L L TANK AND THE PROBABLE LOSS DUE TO SLOSHING I F FREEBOARD IS NOT PROVIDED SHOULD BE WEIGHED

A G A I N S T THE VALUE OF THE UNUSED STORAGE C A P A C I T Y ,

IN THE

FINAL

DESIGNSSHOULD

EVERY REASONABLEBE GIVEN TO

AND ECONOMICTHIS

CONSIDERATION INVENTORY,

MINIrUIIZIMG

THEMUST

MINIMUM

OPERATINGTHE

LEVEL

FOR A CONE ROOF TANK

SATISFY

SUCTION

REQUIREMENTS

OF

THE

L I Q U I D WITHDRAWAL PUMPS,

THERETHAN

ARE

SITUATIONS

IN

NHICH

SERVICE

AND USE CONDITIONS.

BOTH PRESENT AND FUTURE8 WILL D I C T A T E TANK S E L E C T I O N RATHER THE LIQUID PROPERTIES AND REQUIRED CAPACITY OF THE

F I R S T STOCK TO BE STBREE).

MOSTCONE IN

OFTEN THESE WILL RELATE TO

THE TYPE OF ROOF SELECTED,JET FUEL MAY REQUIRE A

FOR EXAMPLE,WOOF ORDER TANK TO

STORAGE OF FINISHEDEQUIPPED MAINTAIN WITH AM

INTERNAL

FLOATING

ROOF

PRODUCT

S P E C I F I C A T I O N S W I T H RESPECT 80 WATER CONTENT,

DATA

ON THE FOLLOWING

LIQUID

PROPERTIES

IS

REQUIRED

FOR BOTH

TANK S E L E C T I O N AND TANK D E S I G N :

1, 2,3,

SPECIFIC

GRAVITYPSIA

4,

TRUE VAPOR PRESSURE, CORROSIVITY FLASHPOINT

KNOWLEDGEALLOWABLE FACTOR IN

OF

THE

SITE

CONDITIONS PRESSURE TANK

WILLMAY

BE BE

REQUI~ED, THE

THE

SOIL

BEARING THE

CONTROLLING DIFFERENTIAL

SELECTING

HEIGHT,

SOME

SETTLEMENT BETWEEN THE TANK P E R I P H E R Y AND THE CENTER OF THE TANK OVER CAN THE NORMALLY ENTIRE BE ACCOMMODATED, IS SELDOM A AND U N I F O R M SETTLEMENT EXCEPT IN THE

AREA

PROBLEM

D E S I G N OF TANK L I N E S ,

IN SEISMICALLYTO DETERMINE EARTHQUAKE,

A C T I V E AREAS, THE POTENTIAL

THE S I T E SHOULD B E I N V E S T I G A T E D FOR LIQUEFACTION DURING AM

OTHER

SITE

CONDITIONS

WHICH

MAY

AFFECT

TANK

DIMENSIONS

INCLUDE :

1,

SPACE

AVAILABLE

MAY

BE

RESTRICTED

REQUIRING

HIGHER

TANKS THAN M I G H T OTHERWISE TO ECONOMICAL,

2,

TOPOGRAPHY ANDLIMIT THE

REQUIREDOF

EARTHWORK MAY BETHE TANK AND

SUCH

AS

TO

DIAMETER

CORRESPONDINGLY

INCREASE THE H E I G H T ,

3,

PREVAILING

HEIGHT

IN

AN ESTABLISHED

TANK AREA MAY LIMIT

D E V I A T I O N THEREFROM I N ORDER TO M A I N T A I N l l N IFORM ACCESS BETWEEN TANKS, OTHER REASONS, GENERAL APPEARANCE OF THE GROUP, OR FOR

THE FIRE PROTECTION MANUALGOVERNMENTALOF TANK REQUIREMENTS D I M E N S I O N S AND THE

DEFINES

COMPANY,THE

INDUSTR ANDTYPE OF ROOF,

THAT

w ILL

AFFECT THE DETERHINAT ION

S E L E C T I O N OF

THESE INCLUDE : 1.SPACINGLINES,

OF

TANKS

AND

MINIMUM

DISTANCE

FROM

PROPERTY

2,

THEFEET

TYPE

OF

ROOF

REQUIRED

FOR CERTAIN

SERVICES,

FOR 120ANY OF

EXAMPLE,

FLOATING

ROOFS ARE REQUIRED ARE USED FOR

ON TANKS OVER STORAGE

DIANETER

THAT

THE

STOCK H A V I N G A F L A S H P O I N T LOWER THAN

100oF,

ASIDE

FROM

THE

FIRE

PROTECTION

THE

MAIN

THRUST

OF

GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS RELATED TO TANK SELECTION I S I N THE AREA OF A I R Q U A L I T Y CONTROL,

FOR ANYTHAT

GIVEN

CAPACITY

THERE WILL BE SEVERAL PRACTICALAND HEIGHT, HAVE

COMBINATIONSMAY

OF DIAMETER TANK

SITE

CONDITIONS

AFFECT

DIMENSIONS

BEEN PREVIOUSLY COSTS COSTSm

DISCUSSED,AND, TO A

OTHERSMINOR

ARE : LAND VALUE,EXTENT, TANK

FOUNDATIONSPAINTING

MINIMIZINGHIGHER TANK,

DEAD

STORAGE

FAVORS

A

SMALLER

DIAMETER,

WITH8

FEW EXCEPTIONS,

TANK HEIGHTSCOURSE

ARE MULTIPLESHEIGHTSINCE IT IS

OF

6

OR

FEET,

THEBY

LATTER

GENERALLYTHE

PREFERRED

TANK

FABRICATORS

REDUCES

NUMBER OF F I E L D CIRCUMFERENTIAL WELDS,

THE

CAPACITYHEIGHT

RANGE

OF

25,000

TOBE

lOO,OOOFEET,

BBLS

THE

ECONOMIC

WILL GENERALLYOVER

48

FOR LARGEDUETO

C A P A C I T Y TANKS,

200,00040

B B L S t THE ECONOMIC H E I G H T

WILL GENERALLY

DROP TO

FEET,

THIS

IS

THE

E X C E S S I V E COST OF P R O V I D I N G ADEQUATE ROOF SUPPORTS FOR H I G H E R TANKS,

THE.

LIMITATION

IN

API-650

ON

MAXIMUM

SHELL

THICKNESS

MAY ALSO L I M I T THE H E I G H T OF LARGE TANKS,

IN SEISMICALLYBE ECONOMIC, LIMITEDTO A

A C T I V E AREAS,

EARTHQUAKE D E S I G N C R I T E R I A WOULD OTHERWISE

MAY L I M I T TANKS TO H E I G H T S BELOW WHAT

TANKS INHEIGHT

SEISMIC

ZONE

4

WILL GENERALLY BEOF ABOUT

TO DIAMETER TO

RATIO

0,5:1BBL,

FOR SMALL

TANKS ON SOFT SOILS

0.6: 1

FOR LARGE TANKS

ON FIRM

SOILS.

FOR SMALL

TAIVKS (UNDER ABOUT

3000

CAPACITY)

GREATER H E I G H T TO D I A M E T E R R A T I O S CAN B E USED

B Y ANCHOR IFIG THE T,1NK NOT PRACTICAL FOR

HOWEVER,TANKS

ANCHOR I NG I S GENERALLY AND NOT RECOMMENDED

LARGER

BECAUSE OF THE LARGE L O C A L L O A D I N G IMPOSED ON THE TANK S H E L L B Y THE ANCHORS,

D.

ROOF SELECTIOPJ

THEAND

TYPES OF ROOFS TO BE CONSIDERED AIIE:

1) CONE,

2)

FLOATING,

3)

A CONE ROOF TANK ROOF TANKS WITH

WITH VAPOR

AN

INTERNAL

ROOF,

4)

COME

RECOVERY

SYSTEMS,

FLOATINGPONTOONS,

ROOFS

CAN

BE

FURTHER

CLASSIFIED

AS

PAN,

AND DOUBLE DECK,

CONE

ROOF

TANKS

FILLING

LOSSES

PROPORTIONAL

TO

THE

THROUGHPUT AND BREATHING LOSSES ROUGHLY PROPORTIONAL TO

THE VOLUME

OF THE VAPOR SPACE

IN

THE

TANK.

FLOATING

TANKS W I T H A T I G H T - F I T T I N G

PRIWAliY AND SECONDARY SEALS

V I R T U A L L Y E L I M I N A T E THESE EVAPORATION LOOSES,

FIRE

PROTECTIONS

IS

NOT A

BASIC

CONSIDERATION

INFEET

THEIN

SELECTION OF A ROOF EXCEPT FOR TANKS OVER DIAMETER,

120

FOR

THESE

LARGE

TANKS

FLOATING

ROOFS

ARE

REQUIRED FOR ANY STOCK HAYING A FLASH LOWER THAN lOOOF AND, FOR HEAVIER OF THEIR STOCKS STORED AT TEMPERATURES W I T H I N

2OoF

FLASH POINT,

A

MORE

DETAILEDIS

DISCUSSION

OF

FIRE

PROTECTIOiV

CONS IDERATIONS

CONTAINED

IN

THE

FIRE PROTECTION

MANUAL D-131-8,

AND THE

ENGINEERING DEPARTPENT'S DESIGN PRACTICE

ALL

CONE ROOF TANKS C O N T A I N I N G V O L A T I L E STOCKS C O N T A I N TIMESIS

FLAMMABLE M I X T U R E S AT. SPACE,

I N A PORTION OF THE VAPQZ

EVERYIN PUT

PRECAUTIONROOF ON

TAKEN INBUT AS A

DEALING

WITHROOFS

SUCY

STOCKS

CONE

TANKAGE, TANKS BE

FLOATING SAFETY BY

ARE

SOMETIMES EVEN

SUCH MAY

PRECAUTION, EVAPORATION

THOUGH

THEY

NOT

WARRANTED

SAVINGS

SHELLHAVING

CORROSION STORAGE SIMILAR

IN

THE VAPOR SPACE OF A CONE ROOF TANKOF SOUR CRUDE O I L S CAN AND BE OTHER A STOCKS SERIOUS

USED FOR

CHARACTERISTICS

PROBLEM,

THE

USE OF A FLOATING

ROOF WHICH

ELIMINATESI N THESE

MOST OF THE VAPOR SPACE SHOULD B E CONSIDERED CIRCUMSTANCES,

E,

CONE ROOFS

A

COME

ROOF

IS

THE

LEAST

EXPENSIVE

AND

MOST

MAINTENANCE-FREE METHOD FOR COVERING A TANK,

THEY DOTO

HAVE A HIGH POTENTIAL FOR INCURRING EVAPORATION LOSSES.

THIS

CHARACTERISTIC GENERALLY

LIMITS THEIR USE

RELATIVELY LOW VAPOR PRESSURE STOCKS WHERE THE SAVI3iG

IN EVAPORATION LOSS IS NOT ENOUGH TO JUSTIFY THE HIGHERINVESTMENT OF A FLOATING WOOF,

CONE

ROOFS

CAN

EASILY

BE

DESIGNED

TO

SUPPORTREHOVAL

ANTICIPATED SNOW AND ICE LOADINGS, IS MOT THE OPERATING CONCERN THAT FLOATING ROOF,

THUS SNOW 16 COULD BE

WITH A

ROOF

SUPPORT IS PROVIDED BY INTERIaR

COLUMNS AND ROOF RAFTERS,

THE

HIGH POTENTIAL FOR EVAPORATION LOSS FROM A CONEA

ROOF DOES NOT NECESSARILY PRECLUDE THEIR USE WHEREGROUP OF TANKS IS INVOLVED,

IT

MAY BE MORE ECONOMICAL

TO INTERCONNECT THE VAPOR RECOVERY ROOFS, SYSTEM THAN TO

SPACES TO A COMMON VAPOR PROVIDE SEPARATE FLOATING

F,

BOTTOM CONFIGURATION

DRAWI NGPlPING

GB-12474 1,AND

ATTACHED,

SUMMARIZES

BASIC

CONFIGURATIONS FO3 TANK

BOTTOMS AND ARRANGEMENTS

FQQ AND

DRAINOF THE

COMNECTIOMSm DIFFERENT

ADVANTAGESDESIGNS ARE

DISADVANTAGES

LISTED,

CHOICE

OF DESIGN BEST SUITED FOR A PARTICULAR S E R V I C E

IS INFLUENCED BY:

(1)

OPERATING REQUIREHENTS FOR THE

PRODUCT TO BE STORED: AND

( 2 ) MAINTENANCE CONSIDERATIONS:

(3)

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUPPORTING SOIL,

TANK MANUAL

TANK SELECTON

I I, TANK DESIGN A,GENERALONCETHE DIHENSIOHS TANK, THE

AMD TYPE OF ROOF HAVE BEEN SELECTEDENGINEER HUST DESSGId AND/OR SPECIFY

FOR A

VARIOUS ELEMENTS OF THE TANK

I N ORDER TO CQHPLETE THE

FORMSEF-33CR OR EF-33FR, TANK AND APPURTENANCE SCHEDULE, REFERENCE COPIES OF THESE FORMS ARE I N SECTION I X OF T H I S MANUAL,"TANK DATA"PORTION QF

THE

REQUI~EMENTS

AND

DETAILS

COVERED

BY

API-0502EQUIRES THESE

REPRESENT MINIHUM

STANDARDS,AND

THERE AREOR

AREAS WHERE THE

CO:~PANY ' STHATAREAS ARE

EXPERIENCE

TECHNICAL

JUDGMENT

A P I STANDARDSSPECIFICALLYAND

BE

MODIFIED

EXCEEDED,

SET FORTH IN

SPECIFICATION

EG-

967

6-968,INTHISSECTION

THE

INFORMATIQN

AND

THE

FOLLOWING

SECTION ON TANK APPURTENANCES WILL PERMIT THE ENGINEER TO SPECIFY THE TANK ON

FORMEF-33CR on EF-33FR m I o n

TO

REQUESTING QUOTATIONS,

B,

API STANDARD 550

I S THE RECOGNIZED INDUSTZY STANDARD USED THROUGHOUT THE

COMPANY,

A

COPY OF THE LATEST E D I T I O N AND 'SUP?LE#ENT

I S MAINTAINED I N

SECTION 300

OF THE

TANK MANUAL,

C

I

A Q I MONOGRAM

THE A Q ISTANDARDS,

MONOGRAM

FOR

API-650

AND

API-628

TANKS

WAS

WITHDRAWN WITH

REVISIONA

2

OF THE

SIXTH EDITIONTHE

OF BOT#

IT WASSUBMIT IN

REPLACED B Y A

REQUIREMENT THAT THE TANK HAS

MANUFACTFJRER BEEN

C E R T I F I C A T I O N THAT ACCORDANCE WITH

FURNISHED

THE

APPLICASLE

STANDARD,

D,

.

SPECIFICATIONS EG-967 AND EG-968SPECIFICATIONAND FABRICATED

EG-967IN

COVERS

CONE

ROOF

TANKS

DESIGNED

ACCORDANCE WITH

API-650

AND HAS BEEN

PREPARED TO ALLOW THE E N S I N E E R OR FABRICATOR TO SELECT THE D E S I G N B A S I S AND S H E L L M A T E R I A L BASED UPON ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS,

WHERE MINIOF THESE

MUPI

IT HAS BEEN PREPARED TO CLEARLY COMPANY STANDARDS EXCEED API -650,REQUIREMENTS PROVIDE FOR

DEFINE

MOST

ADDED

INCREASED

P R O T E C T I O N A G A I N S T B R I T T L E FRACTURE AND REQUIRE THE USE OF HIGHER Q U A L I T Y M A T E R I A L S AND WELDING PROCEDURES AS

WELL AS MORE E X T E N S I V E R A D I O G R A P H I C E X A M I N A T I O N ,

E,

AVAILABLE COMPUTER PROGRAMS

THE

FOLLOWING DESIGN

TIMESHARE

COMPUTERARE

PROGRAMS AVAILABLE

TO

PERFORM

VARIOUS

CALCULATIONS

TH40UGY

?YE

CORPORATION ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT,

API-65 - AWITH

COHPUTER

PROGRAM

FOR

CALCULATING SHELL

THICKNESS SEQUIRED FOR HYDROSTATIC LOADS IN ACCORDANCE

API-658 REQUIREMENTS, DESIGNPRACTICED-131-18,AND

WIND1

WIND2

-

THESE ARE

TWO COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR

DETERMINING THE RESISTANCE OF STORAGE TANKS TO BUCKLINGFOR WIND LOADING,

DESIGN PRACTICED-131-9,THE CRITERIA OF

BOTH PROGRAMS USEFORLOADING.

API-650, SECTION 3,gc

CHECKING TANK SHELL FOR STABILITY AGAINST WIND

DESIGN PRACTICED-831-9,DETERMINES THE MAXIP~UM WIND VELOCITY

THE PROGRAM WIND1

AN UNSTIFFEMED TANK CAN WITHSTAND WITHOUT BUCKLING AS THE SHELL THICKNESS IS REDUCED BY CORROSION1

THE

PROGRAM

WIND2

ALSO DETERMINES THE

MAXIMUM WIMa

VELOCITY BUCKLING,

AN

UNSTIFFENED TANK

CAN WITHSTAND WITHOUT

IF

THE CALCULATED VALUE IS BELOW THE DESIGN

WIND VELOCITY THE SHELL THICKNESS IS INCREASED SO IT CAN WITHSTAND THE DESIGN WIND VELOCITY,

TANKETANKS

-

A

COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR CHECK I NG NON-ANCHOREDSEISMIC LOADING COMPLIANCE WITH

FOR

API-650

APPENDIX E, DESIGN PRACTICED-831-15,

F,

BASIC DATA

THE

DESIGN

METAL TEMPERATURE IS

THE LOWEST ONE-DAYTHE

MEANIS

AMBIENT TO BE

TEMPERATURE

I N THE L O C A L I T Y WHERE

TANK

INSTALLED,MAJOR OF

PLUS

15F,

DESIGN

METAL TE~YPERATURESARE

USED A S

COMPANYTHIS

INSTALLATIONS

TABULATEDONE-DAY

OH

FIGURE 1

SECTION,

THEIN

LOWEST

MEAR

TEMPERATURE FORAND SOUTHERN

OTHER

LOCATIONS

THEFROM

UNITED

STATESIN

CANADA

CAN BE OBTAINED

FIGURE 2-1

AP 1-658,THETHE DESIGN

METAL TEMPERATURE ISOF MATERIAL,

AN IWPORTAMT

FACTOR IN

SPECIFICATION

DRAW I NG GD-D1047,

STANDARD MATERIAL~PECIFICAT~~N NO,I N T H I S REGARD,

REQUIREMENTS FOR TANKS CONSTRUCTED TO EG-967, D E F I N E S ~ O M P A N Y REQUIREMENTS

THE

MAXIMUM

FILLING

ANDROOF

EMPTYING TANKS

RATES

MUSTRATES

BE

SPECIFIED,

FOR

COME

THESE

WILL

DETERMINE THE NUMBER AND S I Z E OF BREATHER V A L V E S ,

THE

DESIGN

WIND IS

VELOCITY

USED

AT

MAJOR OF THISWIND AT

COHPANYSECTION,

INSTALLATIONS

TABULATED ON

FIGURE 1

FOR OTHERABOVE

LOCATIOHS

THE USE OF A DESIGN

VELOCITY

EQUAL TO THE ANNUAL GROUND,

EXTREME M I L E VELOCITY MEAN RECURRENCE

30

FEET

50-YEAR

INTERVAL

4S

RECOMMENDED UNDER MOST CIRCUMSTANCES,

CHARTS

OF

FIGURE 2

SHOW THE

50-YEAR AND 108-YEARANNUAL

EXTREME MILE

VELOCITIES

FOR THE

UNITED STATES,

THE

APPROPRIATE SHOULD

EARTHQUAKE ZONE BE DETERMINED

FOR

SEISMIC

DESIGN

OF

TANKS

FOR

THE

SPECIFIC

TANK

LOCATION,OF

THE SEISMIC ZONE MAPSSHOW EARTHQUAKE

INCLUDED

IN

APPENDIX EFORTHE

API-658

ZONE

DESIGNATIONS

ALSO, PRACTICE NO. 11. THEUNITEDSTATES,MAJOR THISCOMPANY

SEE

APPENDIX V IDESIGNATIONIS

OF

RECOMMENDEDATOF

ZONE

APPLICABLE

INSTALLATIONS

TABULATED ON

FIG, 1

SECTION,

THEIS

BASIC

DESIGN

CRITERIA

FOR THE LIVE

LOAD ON THE ROOF FO2

25

PSF,

IN ADDITION,

P R O V I S I O N S MUST BE MADE

OTHER LOADS THAT MAY BE IMPOSED ON THE ROOF,

G,

OVERALL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONC O ~ R OIS O N ALLOWANCE

THEIS

CORROSION

ALLOWANCE

USED FOR NEW TANKAGE SHOULD BE

BASED ON THE S E R V I C E AND L O C A T I O N FOR WHICH THE TANKAGE

REFERENCE CORROSION PREVENTION MANUAL,BEING

BUILT,

SHOULD ALSO#

BE MADE TO THEFOR

TANKAGE SECTION 240,IF ADDITIOIVAL

A C O M P I L A T I O N AND D I S C U S S I O N OF CORROSION RATE DATA FOR

- TANKAGE I N T Y P I C A L S E R V I C E S ,REQUIRED,

GUIDANCE I S

THE

CORPORATION

ENGINEERING'S

MATERIALS

DIVISIONDESIGNFOR

SHOULD BE CONSULTED,

OF TANKAGE SERVICES

IN A

ACCORDANCE WITH BUILT-IN, OR

API-650

PROVIDESCORROSION

MOST

INHERENT,

VALUES FIGURES3 AND 4 ,ALLOWANCE,

FOR TYPICAL

TANKS ARE PRESENTED IN

RECOMMENDEDREQUIREMENTS DESIGNS,MECHANICS

PRACTICE

20

DEFINES BRITTLE

THE

MATERIAL

FOR PREVENTING

FRACTURE IN

COMPANYFRACTURE

IT ALSOAND

INCLUDES

A SUMMARY OF BASICBY WHICH

SUGGESTS

TECHNIQUES

FRACTURE-

SAFE D E S I G N S CAN BE DEVELOPED,

GENERALLY,CONCERNING

THE

HISTORY

OF

API

TANKS

HAS

BEEN

eooD

PROTECTION

AGAINST

BRITTLE

FRACTURE,

HOWEVER,WHICH

IN

1954.28FAILURES

AN

API

COHMITTEE COMPLETED A SURVEY

RECORDED

WELDED

API 12CTHIS

(PREDECESSOR UNDER COLD

TO

API-

650)MORE

TANK

WHICH

OCCURRED

WINTER

CONDITIONS,

AS

A RESULT OF

APIOF

SURVEY AND OTHER BRITTLE FRACTURE, IN

FUNDAHENTAL

INVESTIGATIONS STANDARDS

MINIMUMTHIS

COMPANY

EXCEEDING

API

STANDARDS

AREA WERE ADOPTED IN

1955,PROVI

SPECIFICATIONAPPROXIMATELY FOR ALL TANKS,

EG-967WITH

INCLUDES

s IONS

TO

PROVIDE

EQUAL PROTECTION A G A I N S T CONSIDERATION INHERENT

BRITTLE FAILURE TO MATERIAL, SIZE, ON

GIVEN

D E S I G N B A S I S AND R I S K

I N PROBABLE TANK

MATERIALS HAVE BEEN SORTEQ INTO QUALITY DRAWING GD-Dl047 (REFER TO SEC, 1x1. FORMANYDESIGNS, IT

GROUPINGS

WILL

BETO

NECESSARY QUALIFY

TO

PURCHASE

HIGHER

QUALITY

MATERIALS O W TESTING,

LOWER Q U A L I T Y COSTS OF TANK

MATERIALS

BY IMPACT

STEELS ARE PRESENTED IN

APPROXIMATE FIGURES5 AND 6.

IT ISSHOULD

CONCLUDED

THATNOT

GROUPS I V .BE USED

IVA, VFOR THE

AND

VI

STEEL

GENERALLY SOUR TO DO

INTERMEDIATE

STORAGE OF INCENTIVE

F L U I D S SIlVCE THERE SO, AND BECAUSE A

I S L I T T L E ECONBWIC RISK OF SULFIDE

C R A C K I N G E X I S T S I N SOME SERVICESw

H,

BOTTOM DESIGN

REFER

TO

DRAWING GD-Dl047

FOR

ACCEPTABLE

MATERIAL

SPECIFICATIONS

FOR THE BOTTOM PLATES

ASTM A-283 GRADE C

I S THE MOST COMMONLY USED M A T E R I A L ,

ANNULAR BOTTOM PLATES AND SKETCH PLATESTANKBOTTOMS ARE FABRICATED OF

I/~-INCH P L A T E EXCEPTGROUPS IV, IVA, VOR

WHEN THE BOTTOM SHELL

COURSE IS

VIA

MATERIAL,BUTT-WELDEDIS

THESETANK BOTTOMSOUTER C I R C L E OF

ARE

REQUIRED

TO

HAVE

P L A T E S TO WHICH THE S H E L L

ATTACHED (ANNULAR BOTTOM PLATES),

TO

PROVIDE

EARTHQUAKE

STABILITY TANKS

UNDER

THE

DESIGW

PROVISIONS BARRELS

OFMAY

APPENDIX E,REQUIRE

SMALLEQ

THAN

100,000AND THE

ANNULAR

BOTTOM

PLATES

ANNULAR P L A T E S FOR LARGER TANKS MAY NEED TO BE T H I C K E 9 THAN R E Q U I R E D OTHERWISE,

THE

BOTTOM PLATE

WHICH

COVERS THE

CATCH BASIS

AND TO

WHICH THE WATER DRAW-OFF SKETCH PLATE,

NOZZLE I S ATTACHED

I S CALLED A

SPECIFICATION

EG-967

REQUIRES

THAT THIS

P L A T E HAVE A MINIPIUM T H I C K N E S S OF

1/2

INCH,

TANKIS

BOTTOC~SCAN TOLERATE

APPRECIABLE

SETTLEMENT,

AN

A N A L Y S I S OF MAXIMUM P E R M I S S I B L E TANK

BOTTOM SETTLEMENT

INCLUDED

IN

SECTION X I , FOUNDATIONS,

THE REFER

USE

OF

CATHODIC

PROTECTION

MAY

BE

CONSIDERED.

TO

SECTION X I FOUNDATIONS,

I, SHELL DESIGN

IN THEOF

~ T H EDITION

OF

API-650 APPENDICESOF

D,

G,

AND PART

K,

OF THE ~ T H EDITION

API-650,

HAVE BEEN D E L E T E D

AND T H E I R A P P L I C A B L E REQUIREMENTS ARE INCORPORATED I N T O THE B A S I C STANDARD,

THE

B A S I C TANK OF THE ~ T H EDITION

OF

API 650

IS

NOW COVERED BY

APPENDIX A,

THE

BASIC

D E S I G N NOW P E R M I T S A D E S I G N BASED ON PRODUCT

SPECIFIC

GRAVITY

AND A HIGHER

STRESS DURING

THE HYDROTEST.

THE

APPENDIX AA JOINT L E S S THAN

DESIGN

USES A MAXIMUM

STRESS OF

21,000OF

PSI,

E F F I C I E N C Y OF

,85,

A

SPECIFIC

GRAVITY

NOT

1.0,

AND THE ONE FOOT T H I C K N E S S METHOD.

IN

OTHER WORDS, STRESSES,

HYDROSTATIC STRESSES CANNOT EXCEED DESSGlhd

THE

GOAL

IN

DESIGNING

THE TANK SHELL

IS

TO ACHIEVEACHIEVED SINCE

THEBYTHE

LOWEST ERECTED COST.MINIMIZING THE

THISOF

IS

NOT ALWAYSREQUIRED PREMIUM

TONNAGE

STEEL

. HIGHER

QUALITY

STEELS

COMMAND

A

PRICE,AS OF

THE1975

FOLLOWING

GUIDELINES

ARE BASED ON EXPERIENCE

AND MAY NOT BE V A L I D FOR A L L S I T U A T I O N S ,

1,

TANKS

OF

LESS

THAN

~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ - B A R CA wPE AC LI T Y

W I L E PLATEWHICH

GENERALLY THICKNESS

BY

APPENDIXIN

A

DESIGN,IS

WAXIMUM 1/2INCH

ALLOWED

APPENDIX A

L I M I T S THE MAXIMUM S I Z E TO ABOUT

30,000

BARRELS,

2,

TANKS FROM 30,000GENERALLY BE

BARRELS TO

150,000

C A P A C I T Y WILL WITH AN

CONSTRUCTED

WITH

MATERIAL

ALLOWABLE

STRESS LESS

THAN

21,000

PSI.

(FORMERLY

APPENDIX D DESIGN),3,

HIGHERWILLTANKS

STRENGTH MATERIALGENERALLY OF RE USED

GROUPS IV,ON THE O W

Iva, vMORE

AND

VIOF

LOWER

COURSES

2000000

BARRELS

CAPACITY,

(FORMERLY APPENDIX G DESIGN),

4,

THE

HIGHER

STRENGTH

STEELS

WILL

ALMOST

NEVER BE

USED ON A L L COURSES OF THE TANK,

5,

THEOR

THICKNESS

OF

"VARIABLE

DESIGN POINTlOO,OOOTO

~ETHOD" BARRELS

WILL GENERALLY BE USED ON TANKS OFMORE CAPACITY,

(FORMERLY APPENDIXIS

K DES 1 ~ ~ 4 )CHECK

COMPUTER PROGRAM API-65

AVAILABLE

S H E L L T H I C K N E S S E S QUOTED B Y S U P P L I E R S .

TANK

SHELLS

MAY

BE

SUBJECT

TO

BUCKLING

UNDER

WIND

PRESSURE,

APH-650 SECTION 3.9OF

PROVIDES

A FORMULA FOR

D E T E R M I N I N G THE MAXIMUM H E I G H T OF U N S T I F F E N E D S H E L L FOR

A WIND VELOCITY

1QQ MPH,DEVELOPMENT OF

BACKGROUND ONMAY

THE IN A

API-658OF THE

REQUIREMENTS

BE

FOUND

PAPER,

"STABILITY

API-650 TANK

SHELLS, R, V.OF

MCGRATH: PROCEEDI~GSOF

REFINING,AND

VOL.

43 (111) (1963).ARE AVAILABLE

A P I DIVISION COMPUTER PROGRAMSPERFORM

WIND1

WIND2

TO

THESE

CALCULATIONS,

TANKS

WAS

MADE

BY

CORPORATIONFOR

ENGINEERINGWIND

TO

EVALUATE

TANK

DESIGNS

STABILITY,

GENERALIZEDA,

COWCLUSIOMS

OF THIS

STUDY WERE:

THE API-658APPROPRIATEPROVIDED

EQUATIONSBASIS

APPEARFOR

TO

PROVIDE

AN

WIND

RESISTANCE METHOD

THAT

THE

"TRANSPOSED

wIDTH~

I S USED,

B,

USE

OF A

DESIGN

WIND

VELOCITYAT

EQUAL

TO

THE

ANNUAL EXTREME-MILEGROUND)

VELOCITY

30

FT,

ABOVE IS

50-YEAR MEAN

RECUISRENCE

INTERVAL

RECOMMENDED UNDER MOST CIRCUMSTANCES,

C8

AS

EXPECTED)

TANKS

FILLED

TO

A

SUBSTANTIAL

LEVEL

(AT

LEAST

HALF

FULL)IN

DEMONSTRATED WIND

A

SIGNIFICANT COHPARED TO A

INCREASE TANKS

RESISTANCE LEVELS, IN UNTIL WIND THE

FILLED

TO

LOWER

GENERALLYRESISTANCELIQUID

SIGNIFICANTNOT BE

INCREASEOBTAINED

WILL

LEVEL REACHES ABOUT HALF HEIGHT,

OTHER

FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED

IN

DESIGN

FOR WIND

R E S I S T A N C E OF TANKS ARE AS FOLLOWS:

A,

11'4

GENERAL* TO

B U C K L I N G DUE TANK DAMAGE THAT

TO WIND CAN VARY

RESULTS

IN

DAMAGE MODEST

THE TO

FROM VERY EXTENS % V E

REQUIRING

R E B U I L D I N G O R t R A R E L Y * SCRAPPING,

3,

HOW

TO

HANDLE

CORROSION

ALLOWANCE

IS

A

DIFFERENT QUESTION SINCE:

1)

THE

CORROSIONIS

RATE

THATTO

WILL

ACTUALLYAND IT

OCCUR

DIFFICULT

PREDICT

WOULD B E U N D E S I R A B L E TO FURTHER I N C R E A S E THE I N I T I A L COST B Y R E Q U I R I N G D E S I G N FOR FULL WIND RESISTANCE IN THE CORRODED

CONDITION,

2)

NON-UNIFORMP I T T I N G WILL

CORROSION NOT

SUCH

AS

LOCAL

APPRECIABLY

REDUCE THE

W I N D R E S I S T A N C E STRENGTH OF S H E L L S ,

3)

THE APITO THE

RULES FOR WINDSOME MARGIN

RESISTANCEOF SAFETY

APPEARABOVE MAY METAL

PROVIDE DESIGN

WIND

VELOCITY FOR

WHICH OF

PARTIALLY

COMPENSATE

LOSS

DUE TO CORROSION,

4)

ALTHOUGHCAN B E

AT A HIGHERIN THE

COST,

WIND

GIRDERSTHEIR

ADDED

FUTURE

WHEN

NEED I S KNOWN FROM T H I C K N E S S SURVEYS,

IN SUMMARY,RECOMHENDED AS

THE A

FOLLOWING MINIMUM IN

PRACTICES CONSIDERING

ARE WIND

S T A B I L I T Y OF TANKS,

A,

NEWTANKS

2)

CHECK

MAXIMUM

DESIGN

WIND

VELOCITY

IN

THE CORRODED C O N D I T I O N ,

3)

CORROSIONACCORDANCE

ALLOWANCE

CONSIDERED

IN

w ITH "OTHER RELATED FACTORS"

S E C T I O N ABOVE,

4)

USE 50-YEAR EXTREMEEXCEPT RESULT WHERE IN A

MILE OF

WIND A LOSS

VELOCITY WOULD AS IN

BUCKLING CRITICAL

TANK

SUCH

S H U T T I N G DOWN A R E F I N E R Y OR P I P E L I N E WHICH CASE USE OF THE

100-YEAR

WIND

SHOULD B E CONSIDERED,

5)

USE

"TRANSPOSED

WIDTH"

METHOD

FOR

CALCULATING TANK SHELL STABILITY,

1)

ESTABLISH

WIND RESISTANCE CRITERIA AS A

PART OF TANK INSPECTION RECORDS,

2)..

ESTABLISH

OPERATING PROCEDURES TO

BE

FOLLOWED UPON

RECEIPT

OF

WARNINGS

OF

HIGH (HURRICANE VELOCITY) WINDS, WHICH SHOULD INCLUDE:

A)

CONSIDERATION OF

FILLING OF TANKS

IN CRITICAL SERVICE AND TANKS WITH

LOW SHELL STABILITY,

B)

SECURING OF

MATERIAL WHICH COULD

BECOME AIRBORNE,

C)

TURNINGOFFSIMILAR

UNESSENTIAL POWER TO

TANKFIELD LIGHTING, TANK MIXERS AND EQUI PMENT TO REDUCE IN OR

POTENTIAL SOURCES OF CASE OF LEAKAGE FROM

IGNITION BUCKLED

SPLIT TANK SHELLS,

EXPERIENCESTORAGE

IN

PASTARE

EARTHQUAKESSUSCEPTIBLE

HASTO

SHOWN LOWER

THAT

TANKS

COURSE

SHELL BUCKLING AND, IN FOR

I N RARE OCCASIONS,

TO BUCKLING

THE UPPER COURSES,EA9THQUAKE GROUND

NEW

TANKS SHALL BE DESIGNEEIN ACCORDANCE WITH

MOTION

APPENDIXPROVI

EOF

OF

API-650

AND

THE

SUPPLEMENTAL

s IONS

RECOMMENDED PRACTICE NO, 11,NOT INTENDED TO UPGRADE EXISTING

IT ISTANKSSOME BE

GENERALLY

TO MEET THETANKS

CRITERIA

FOR

NEW TANKS, SERVICE, OF

FORI T MAY

I N EXTREMELY TO REDUCE

CRITICAL THE RISK

JUSTIFIED

EARTHQUAKE

DAMAGE (SEE

RP-111,

APPENDIX E CONNECTING LINES,SEEIN TANK LINES FITTINGS,

OF

API-650DETAILS OF

AND

SECTIONOF FLEXIBILITY VALVES

XI1AND

FOR REQUIREMENTS

AND

TANK

TANK ROOF

SUPPORTS COLUMNS I N SEI SMICALLY ACTIVE

AREAS PREFERABLY SHOULD BE CONSTRUCTED OF PIPE AND SHOULD BE DESIGNED FOR EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION INACCORDANCE WITH

APPENDIX VI

OF

RP-11,

THERE ARE

OTHER KINDS OF DAMAGE TO TANK DETAILS

WHICH HAVE BEEN SUSTAINED IN PAST EARTHQUAKES,

MODIFICATIONSEITHER

I N DETAILS TO AVOID THESEWITH NORMAL OPERATHHG

RISKS

INTERFERE

TANK

FUNCTIO#S OR ARE MORE CCISTLY THAN REPAIRING OF CONVENTIONAL DETAILS,

J,

CONE ROOF DESIGN

ROOF

PLATES ARE NORMALLY

3/16

INCH,

GD-Dl047

FOR ACCEPTABLE MATERIAL

ORAWING SPECIFICATIONS, ASTMTO

REFER

CONE

ROOF TANKS WHICH DO NOT HAVE A

ROOF-TO-SHELL.

CONNECTION THAT FAILS PREFERENTIALLY TO THE SHELL-TOSHELL AND SHELL-TO-BOTTOM CONNECTIONS SHALL BE EQUIPFEE

WITH ADEQUATE EMERGENCY VENTING,

(REFER

TO SECTION

VII),K,

MISCELLANEOUS

PREPRIMING OF

THE STEEL PLATES I N THE FABRICATOR'S SHOPJOB SITE IS RECOMMENDED,IS GENERALLY DONE

PRIOR TO SHIPMENT TO THE

APPLICATION OF THE FINISH PAINT COATS BY A CONTRACTOROTHER THAN THE TANKTHE TANK IS TESTED AND PUT IN SERVICE,

FABRICATOR AFTER

TANK MANUAL

T.4NK 9ESIGN

FIGURE 1TYPICAL TANK DESIGN CRITERIA FOR VARIOUS COMPANY LOCATIONS Design Metal Temperature F Design Wind Velocity (MPH) Seismic Zane Desig narion

*

Richmond

El SegundoPascaqou la P e n h Amboy Salt Lake Alaska ( K e m i Area) Burnaby (Vancouver) Baltimore

5

-252510

Note:

This d a t a for other localities can frequently be ascertained by referring to t h e Basic Design Data Sheets f o r t h e particular project.

T A N K MANUAL

T A N K DESIGN

EXTREME WIND VELOCITIES

Charts from lVew Disnibulion of Exrrerne Winds in the U.S. by H.C.S. Thorn. Copyright Arnencan Society of Civil Engineers 1968. Reproduced by special permiss~on.

4/8 1

100- 17

FIGURE 3 APPENDIX A T.WiS INHERENT CORROSION ALLCJWANCX

CALCULATIONS DEC.

1970

r/

'

1

j

EZZ-0 660.0 ZS!'O nOZ-0 LSZ'O OLE-0

SLE'O ilZil'0 OS9'0 9LB.O 201 ' L trSS ' L SLE'O

L 9 S il

BZE' o

E2 L

i E9E.O

8 9L trZ Z E Oil 8tl 95

OSZ OSZ 0 sZ 0 SZ OSZ OSZ OSZ SZZ

/ OOL'O

8

/

ttzZEOil Bh 9s

i iiiZ'0 1 680'0 LEL-0 1 tr8L'O / LEZ.0 6LZ'O

'1

ELZ'O 9LO'O 911.0 9SL'O L6L'O LEZ'O 8LZ'O OSL'O 6ZZ.0 890'0 trOL'0 LilL'O LLL'O ELZ'O

ZOZ'O 250'0 080'0 8OL.O 9EL.O tr9L'O 261'0 OOp'O 612.0 LtrO'O ZLO'O 860'0 EZL'O Rill'O

L6L'O 6ZO'O SilO'O 090'0 9LO-0 260'0 LOL'O 058'0 602' 0 920'0 OilO' 0 ilSO'0 890'0

ERO'O591-0 EZO- 0 9E0'0

081'0 900'0 600'0 ELO'O 910'0 610'0 220'0 006'0 OOZ'O 500'0 800'0 110'0 trl0'0 LLO'O

691'0 000'0 000'0 000'0 000'0 000'0 000'0 OS6'0=3( 061'0 I 000'0 000'0 000'0 000'0 000'0

9L

Szz szz

szz

SZZ SZZ SZZ

2 8 ~ ~ 0E L L ' o 190.0 ZilO'O E6O'O t90'0

ZLE'O

1

szL-o

LBO-o601'0 Zil'O trSL ' 0 00s-o

etro' o190'0 ELO'O 980'0

I

~ii:-o 1 6L0'0 I LZL'O I hgL-o 902'0 BilZ.0 062'0

LSL'O 061'0 ZZZ'O

6EE'O OZS'O LOL'O 288 ' 0 E90' L EtrZ' L

j OOL-0I 902-o

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Lill-o 000'0 000'0 000'0 000'0 000'0 000'0 os6'0=3i ~ 9 i~ 000'0 000'0

9

Sil

081'0 LLZ'O1

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SLL SL L SLL SL L SLL SL L

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ttZZ EOtl

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202' 0 SLO'O LZO' 0 9E0.0 9ilO'O SSO'O

561'0 190'0 900"O 800'0 600'0 110'0

681'0 LtrO'O 000'0 000'0 000'0 000'0

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SO0"C 900'0 800'0 600'0 LLC'O 006'C OSI'O ~80-o

I

osa-o osz-o092" o 051.0Li7ti.C

8 91tlz

I

00: OOL

I

1

ZOL'O 6SL.O CS!'0 ! g:O 00, C O S : C 0Z!'G lgc-o

BLC-otrZC' C

i70c.o

I O O L

s cil

Z EOti

OED-cLEC'C EtiCa c PSF'L

115I

EII(XUP,

ZBC'C E3. ' 0 ?ZLaC S c . 'CCL--C

LES'O

i3

gtrG.0 E9C'G 6LC.C' S6C'@ L COL'C

Zic.0 itrC'0 SSC"C yC'C LLC'GOOE'G

SOG'O 90C'C 80C'O 60C'Cl

60Z'C 1 L60'0 000'0 000'0 000'0 000'0 000'0 056'C=f 1 OSL'O 1 +,LO-o OOO'O 000"O 000'0 j OOC'G 1 000'0 11

I

ZF'O16230JPXk

8h 954

I

II

001 00 L 001 001

1

oot-c

o S ~ ' G = ~66JLIXs7U

I

~

j

JaaneTt

~ 2aa, ~

asJncg

- qz

91)

TANK MANUALFIGURE 5A U,S. P r o d u c e s r s 2an.

TANK DESISN

7975 P r i c e s f o r St.?el P l a t e s by Q u a l i t y G r ~ u p i n q Thickness 43/4" 1-1/2" Max 1/2" i%x 1-1/2" Max 3/4" t o 1-1/2" 1 'I Faxi ~ n

A S % MS p e c i f i c a t i o n

C o s t , $ / t o n (Note 1 ) j

Rimmed

Semi-Kill &

FuUy-Killed,

FGP

1-l/ZR Max 1-1/ZW Max

41

Normalized

* **0required f o r toughness.

AM-DH AES-EH Normany not used f o r tankage e x c e p t where

Pressure vessel quality s t e e L

*

**1.

2,

k g e n e r a l , b , e r e b ~ t l e n e e d f o r u s e o f Amerriran B u s e a u o f S h i p p i n q S t e e l s . They a r e not readily aMilable in t h e U.S. Price includes mandatory i m p a c t testing to C v = 50 R-lb a t 14F. Except as noted below, t h e s e costa a r e base pr5ces. They do not include many e m s , such as odd thickness, tonnage, e t c . C osts do include an e x t r a f o r width and thickness of 1d/ #. Actual e x t r a varies fYu m 0.55d to 2,70d/#.

Comparison o f U.S.

and J a p a n e s e S t e e l P r i c e s U.S.

rS t e e l Base P r i c e Semi-Killed P l a t e Fine g r a i n practice, f u l l y k i l l e d N o r n a l i z e d , impact t e s t on h e a t l o s t b a s i s Normalized, Three impact t e s t s p e r p l a t e 3. 4. Normalizing c o s t s v a r y w i t h t h . i c k n e s s . By s p e c i a l r e q u e s t .

- $/ton271. 336 35 1

Japanese

-

S / ton

225. 237. 247. 257. (Note 4 )

i I

~

1

1

TANK MANUAL

?.WK 3ESISN

Cost o f Impact T e s t i n g ( $ / T e s t )

II.Heat l o t b a s i s (If a v a i l a b l e

I

- s e e Note

-

I

Longitudinal1)

Transverse

30th

j

St r u c t u s a l S t e e l s Temperature t o be agreed upon

II. P l a t e - a s - r o l l e d b a s i s 2

i /

Structural Steels T e s t +40 F o r above T e s t below +40 F Pressure Vessel S t e e l s T e s t +40 F o r above T e s t below +40 F

NOTE 1: It appears t h a t obtaining guaranteed impacts on e i t h e r a h e a t l o t basis c r for steels which are not h e a t t r e a t e d is diffScult o r i m p k b l e in t h e U .S. Discusdons with two U . S . steel suppliem indicates they w i l l conduct guaranteed i m p a c t tests only on h e a t t r e a t e d material3 and only on a plate-srolled basis. On individual cases they may conduct t e s t s on non-heat t m a t e d plate, c r on a h e a t Pot basis, f o r information only. NOTE 2: Costs do not include an e x t r a f a - normallzing. When normalizing is not included in t h e applicable materiala specification an additional $35 per %n must be added to t h e above costs.

,

III

,I

I I I, SELECT1ON OF APPURTENANCESA,

INTRODUCTION

THIS

SECTION

HAS

BEEN

DIVIDED

INTO

THE

FOLLOW5NG

CATEGORIES OF APPURTENANCES:

B,

GAGING

AND

SAMPLING DEVICES

B,

FORMS EF-33 CR 8 EF-33 FR

THESE FORMS,A LIST

WHICH ARE INCLUDED I N

SECTION V I ,

CONTAINS

OF ALL COMMONLY

USED TANK APPURTENANCES.

THEY

SERVE BOTH AS A CHECK L I S T WHEN SELECTING APPURTENANCES AND AS A SCHEDULE BY WHICH THESE APPURTENANCES CAN BE S P E C I F I E D I N A TANK PURCHASE CONTACT,

C,

COMPANY DRAWINGS

ALTHOUGHCOHMONLY INCLUDED

THE DISCUSSIONUSED ONLY

OF APPURTENANCES WILL COVER ALLFOR TANKS, NHICH DRAWINGS HAVE ARE BEEN

APPURTENANCES FOR

APPURTENANCES

DEVELOPED

BY

CORPORATE

DEPARTMENTS

AND

OPERATIPIG

COMPANIES AS A

RESULT OF NOT HAVING SUITABLE STANDARDSOR

API

OR

MANUFACTURER' AUGWENT

s

A V W ILABLE,

THESE

DRAW1NGSTOSUIT

API

MANUFACTURER'S

STANDARDS

PART1 CULAR REQUIi?EMENTS,

D,

APH STANDARDS

THE API

HAS STANDARDS FOR APPURTENANCES IN

SECTION 3

OF

SHELL

MANHOLES

(3,7,5>(3,7,6>

SWELL NOZZLES

AND FLANGES

FLUSHTYPE CLEANOUT FITTINGS (3,7.7> FLUSHTYPE SHELL CONNECTIONS (3,7,8> ROOF MANHOLES (3,8,4> ROOF NOZZLES (FLANGED AND SCREWED),ROOF NOZZLE IS NOT SATISFACTORY

THEFOR

FLANGE3 VENTING

(3,8,5> DRAW-OFF SUMP ( 3 8 6a

SCAFFOLD CABLE UNDER-BOTTOM

(3,8,7> CONNECTIONS (APPENDIXSUPPORT

0-CONTAINS

RECOMHENDED PRACTICES ONLY, )

E,

MNUFACTURERS' STANDARDS

MANUFACTURERSCATEGORIES INDUSTRY. DEVICES

HAVE DEVELOPED AP$UETENANCES AXEACCEPTEDAS

I N CERTAIN THE

THAT

" S T W M D A R D S ~ BY

EXAHPLES OF(GAGE HATCHES BEATHER

THESE APPURTENANCES ARE GAGINGOF

VARIOUS

TYPES,

AUTOF~ATIC

GAGING), FITTINGS#

VALVES,

AND

FLOATING

ROOFS

AND

F,

ECONOMY I N SELECTION

THREE

GOOD

RULES

FQR ECONOMY

IN

THE

SELECTION

OF

APPURTENANCES ARE:

A,

USE

AN

APPURTENANCE

ONLY

IF

THERE

IS

A

KNOWN

REQUIREMENT,

B,

DOUBLE

UP OW THE USE OF AN APPURTENANCE WHEZEVER

POSSIBLE ( Ia E . GAGE INSPECTION

,

A ROOF MANHOLE MAY ALSO SERVE AS A

HATCH OR AM EMERGENCY VENT HATCH)

I

C,

SPECIFY

HANUFACTURER'S

S T A N D A ~ D DESIGN,

WHEREVER

USABLE, RATHEi? THAN OUR OWN DESIGN,

A

I

6

I1 7 "3'-0'1

Ca ' . ~ "5'. 0"/!

IsK vS2'-4"d ' 2 ' .2 ' 7~4./"/(I/ I .

DC-I)

I(-1) THE s u n p AHO NOZIIEASSERULY SIIALL

-E

CONSTRUCTION NOTES

Tan& s h e / / -

-

23-

/4' / & . , I

---

31-b" 6 ' .9"4 , . 0"

5 ' . 3'5 ' .9 ' -6 ' . 0 '

M A T E R I A L S AND F A B R I C A I I O N SUALL LOHFORH TO 5 P E L I F I C A T I O N E G - 9 6 7 AN0 TO A P I STAHDARD 6 5 0 . LATEST E O I T I O N . n t IHERMLLY 1 0 I.100.f STRESLfOR A

To" 5'.6**7 ' 3 ' '

/'- 7 .

~.

4 5

/B" - 4'.6* --20" 5"

. /'. 8. . ---

-

2'-q;/i

7: 6"8'0"

/I-

9 ' ' 2,.,/q

/y4* - -. .. . .

R E L I E V E D A T A T E W E M T U R E OF 1.100'F

PERIOD OF ONE HOUR PER INCH OF r H I c m E s S OF THE B o T T o nP L A r E , U l T H A n l H l n W PERIOD OF ONE HOUR FOR U1) T H I C U I E L S . L-3) GASKET SUHFALE OH M l S L D FACE F L h l l C t TO UE C O M L K I A L L Y smorn ( 5 0 0 RHS MXIRW R O U G ~ N E S S ) . FLAHCE BOLT I l O L L S SHALL L T M U D L L C i N T E h L l n E . THE EXTERNAL SUHFACtS OF THC S M P , ' N U I I L f ASSEMBLY ANU TAHK BOTTOR R E l N i D R C l H G PLATE SHALL B t SANOBLASTED TO A COnnERC l A L NEAR-WHITE F I N I S H (SSPC S P - 1 0 ) AND P A I H T E O WITH 3 H I L S (DRY T H I C U E S S ) OF IHOHLAHIC Z I H C R I C H COATING; HAPKO 51 ( 1 1 3 7 8 ) . AHEROR D l n f T c o T E D-6. CAHBOLINE CARBOZIHC II OR NOBlL CHtHlCAL HOBIL-ZINC I . THE W T A L LOGES TO BE F I E L D Y E L L 0 SHALL BE THOROUGHLY CLEANED OF COATIHG BEFORE U E L D I Y C TO PREVENT Z l H C CONTPAINATION OF UELO RETAL,

6'.0"

6'.6" / ' . / / "

3'.3v/g

/y+"-

C-4) (-5)

(-6)

THE suw TO u u T r d n R ~ I N F O R C I N C PLAIE F I ~ L Ou t ~ u SIIALL BE COHPLETELY O I L C H E C U O AFTER TrlE R3OT PASS A l l 0 AFTER THE COVER PASS.T l l l C U l E S S E S OF S U W UALL, SunP BOTTOH P L A T E PdlU RElNFORCllIG P L A T E INCLUDE 1 / 1 6 " CORROLIOH ALLOUAIICE. THE TRnK SUPPORT U t M 5 dUST bE PI.ACEU AND CHOUIEO BEFORE F I E L D u E ~ O l l r GTHE SUI1P TO TllE d D l T O H REINFORCIIIG PLATE. SEE STANDARD UKAUlNG GC-QIOIS.

(-7)

'-8)

PLAN

o f t a n k she// fo SU/?

rejoforr/oy p/aCe.

REFERENCE D R A W I N G S

.

~

- .. . .... .. . . . .

- -

~

.. . . . . . . . . ~.

~~

-.

. .. . . . .-. . -.. .. . ..

\

Sqmrnetrical aboutPermissable ~ l t e r n a t e

40 -

h o l e s for i . 9 bolts, equally spaced - s t r a d d l e flanqe 4

Field n o t e : W h e n A i s less t h a n t qrind c o r n e r s r o u n d , all around, after weldinq

-

--.

DESIGN

AND

CONSTRUCTION

NOTES-

p~

7

square cut

I. L e l t e r d i r n e n s i o r ~ s~ r e f e r t o v a l u e s g i v e n i n Table 3-2 2 0 " s h e l l m a n h o l e , a n d a r e ttre same a s tlrose s h o w n in Fig.3.6 of API S t a n d a r d 6 5 0 c u l - r e n t e d i t i o n .

X-I

Cover plaie - min. thick. u e r T a b l e 3 - I API 5td

650,

2. N o t e s g i v e n ill API L t a r ~ d a r d 650 c u r r e n t e d i t i o n ,f o r 2 0 " c i r c u l a r s h e l l rnanlnolr d r s i q r l a n d c o n b t l - u r t i o n

slbrll b e applicable t o t h i s

drawinq.

I

-

5 . E d g e o f cower t o be f i n i s h e d bnrooth and outside corner o f piale l o L e slightly rounded.

SHOWING COVER -

KwJ-

to

suit

curvature

of thnkJ

COVER -REMO -V. E -D

ELEVATIONp-

1159

,

.

I

DETAIL OF GASKET

v 0REVISIONS-~

Chtulan

-Stal~dard Oil Co~npany 01 Cal~lo~n~aL I , ~ " ' . " " ~ ~ UIY.IIII~LIII s111 tr*"cll'" . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . .

I A?C-,'c/I

NOTE : F A B R I C A T I O N A N D A T T A C H M E N T OF NOZZLES SHALL CONFORM T 3 THE A P I S T A N D A R D 6 5 0 LATEST EDIT_ION n REDRAWN

I

EN61WEERIWG DEPARTMEWT

SAW FRANCISCO

T A N K W A T E R DRAWOFFPntNrso IN u.s.A.

STANDARD D R A W I N G

IV,

TANK OPENINGSA,

A P I SHELL MANHOLESAPI30"STANDARDS SPECIFY MANHOLES I N SIZES OF

20".

24",LARGrR

AND

36' (SEE FIG, 3-4A,IS MOST COMMONLY

A P I 650,) THE 24" R O U N DUSED,

MANHOLE

HOWEVER,

MANHOLES MAY BE J U S T I F I E D FOR ACCESS FOR CLEANING,

I N S T A L L A T I O N OF HEATERS, INSTALLATIOR

R E P A I R M A T E R I A L S AND

- OF HEATERS.

USUAL 40'FROM

PRACTICE

IS

TO PROVIDE

ONE MANHCLE

FOR TANKS UP TOTANKS TWO OR

RANGINGTHREE

50' 40'-50'OR

DIAMETER,TO

TWO MANHOLES F O R DIAMETER,DEPENDING

100'-110'TANKS,

AND

MANHOLES

FOR

LARGER

a?!

THEIR SERVICE,

B,

LARGER ACCESSWAY - DWG, GC-D99761SOMEOPERATORSREQUIRE ONE

20" x 36"

MANHOLE

ON

EACH

F L O A T I N G ROOF TANK TO P E R M I T MOVING EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS THROUGH THE SHELL, ESPECIALLY DRAIN-PIPE JOINTS,

IT IS

SOMETIMES USED ALSO FOR CONE ROOF TANKS WHEN A LARGER S H E L L ACCESSWAY I S REQUIRED,

SHELL NOZZLESAPISTANDARDS ARE USED FOR SHELL NOZZLES AND PROVIDE

1

FOR TWO NOZZLE HEIGHTS,

~~EGULAR AND FLUSH,POSSIBLE YET TO

GENERALLY~TO ALLOW THE FULFILL ALLOW

NOZZLES SHOULD BE PLACED AS LOW AS MAXIMUM TANK OPEWING OF CAPACITY AND HEIGHT

REQUIREMENTS REINFORCING

SUFFICIENT

FOX TANKTO

PADS,

SHELL

NOZZLES

FLUSH WITH

THE

BOTTOM ARE P R I M A R l L Y USED W I T H F L O A T I N G ROOF TANKS

PERHIT

HAXIHUMPROVIDES

LOWERINGDETAILS

OF ROOFS,TO DESIGN

STANDARD DRAWING GGFLUSH NOZZLES AND HAS

D 1069

BEEN INCLUDED I N THE ~ T H EDITION

OF

A P I 650,

D.

SHELL CLEANOUTS

GENERALLY.AS

THE COMB IMAT ION

CLEANOUT AND WATER DRAW-OFFWILLSERVEAS

SHOWN ON

DRAWING GA-099765

WELL AS

A P I 8" x 16" AND 24" x 24" SIZES AND IS MORE ECONOMICAL, LARGEFLUSH-TYPE CLEANOUTS ARE EXPENSIVESTANDARDAND SHOULD BE I N S T A L L E D ONLY WHEN FREQUENT C L E A N I N G OF

HEAVY SLUDGE DEPOSITSEITHERSTANDARD

IS ANTICIPATED,

FOR THIS

PURPOSE

APH 36"

x 48"

OR

48" x 48"

CLEANOUT

SHOULD BE USED,

A

DOOR SHEET

I S USED WHEN LARGE EQUIPMENT

I S REQII;?ED

FOR C L E A N I N G OPERATIONS,

I[T C O N S I S T S OF A LARGE i C - E

I N THE BOTTOM COURSE OF A TANK COVERED BY A LARGE SHEET OF THE SAME THICKNESS AS THE BOTTOM COURSE AND BOLTED I N PLACE,

INLARGEDOOR

TANKS DESIGN OF THE V E R T I C A L J O I N T BETWEEN THE AND

SHEET

SMELL

IS

DIFFICULT.

IT MAY

INVOLYE

SEVERAL ROWS OF BOLTS AND I T I S D I F F I C U L T TO M A I N T A I N A TIGHT J O I N T ,

E,

ELBOW OUTLET - DWG, GC-D39627

THISLOWER RATES

OUTLETLEVEL

PERMITS AND

WITHDRAWAL

OF

TANK

CONTENTS TO A HIGH FLOW

CHECKS VORTEX

FORMATION AT

F,

SIPHON-TYPE WATER DRAW-OFF-DWG, GE-931732

THIS

IS

USED

WHERE

IT

IS

NOT

NECESSARY

TO

HAVE

A

PERMANENT COHNECTION I N THE TANK BOTTOM FOR WATER DRAlPE OR CLEANING

(MARKETING

TANKS AND CONE DOWN BOTTOM TANKS

ARE AN EXAMPLE),

6,

WATER DRAW-OFF SUPIPS API-650FIG,

3-15

PROVIDES

A

STANDARD

FOR

DRAW-OFF

SUMPS LOCATED NEAR THE EDGE OF THE TANKS,

UNDER-BOTTOfl CONNECTIONS API-658.BOTTOM

APPENDIX 0, "RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR UNDERCONNECTIONS, CONTAINS BASIC RECOMMENDATIONS TOI1

BE CONSIDERED FOR THE D E S I G N AND CONSTRUCTION OF UNDERBOTTOM CONNECTIONS FOR STORAGE TANKS,

THESE INLET/OUTLETAND WITHDRAWING FORMBTION,

NOZZLES PERMIT VERY HIGH AT LOW L I Q U I D LEVELS

FLOW RATES.VORTEX

,

WITHOUT

I,

ROOF MANHOLES

THE

PRIMARY

FUNCTION

OF A

ROOF MANHOLES TANK BEFORE

IS

TO PROVIDE

A

MEANS

FOR V E N T I L A T I N G

ENTRY

B Y WORKERS

AND TO P R O V I D E NATURAL L I G H T W H I L E WORK I S B E I N G DONE,

THEYLINES,

MAY

ALSO

BE

USED A S

AN

ACCESS

TO

END OF

SWING

A N I N S P E C T I O N HATCH FOR TANK GAGE,

OR A B A S E F @ 2

EMERGENCY VENT ATTACHMENTS,

STANDARDAPI WOOF MANHOLE

API 650, FIG. 3-12,MANHOLES,

PROVIDES

20"

AND

24"

DIAMETER MANHOLE

ROOF

SOME

OPERATORS PREFER THE

20"

AND IT

I S Q U I T E S A T I S F A C T O R Y FOR SMALLER TANKS,

FOR

LARGERIT

TANKS

A

24" x 36"GREATER EASIER

MANHOLEAMOUNT OF

IS

PREFERRED

BECAUSE

PROVIDES A AND AN

L I G H T I N G AND MAINTENANCE

VENTILATION, OPERATIONS,

ACCESS

DURING SHOULD

THETANKS,

HIGHER

MANHOLE

BE

USED

FOR;

INSULATED

FROMONE

TO THREE

OF THESE MANHOLES

ARE U S U A L L Y I N S T A L L E D DEPENDING ON TANK D I A M E T E R ,

WINDOW SHEETSALARGEROOF OPENING

(UP TO

5' x 8'USED,

DIPIEIUSIONS)

CALLED LOWERING

A WINDOW SHEET IS

SOMETIMES

IT PERMITS

OF LARGE EQUIPMENT THROUGH THE ROOF AND ALLOWS A LARGE AMOUNT OF NATURAL LIGHTING TO THE AND VENTILATION,

ITSSELDOR IS

CONSTRUCTION WITH A

I S SIMILAR ANGLE FRAMEl

24" x 3611TANKS PATCHING THAT

ROOF NANHOLE ARE

gN

ONAND

OPENED,

COLD

CUTTING

THE

ROOF

ECONOMICAL,

GAGE FLOAT INSPECTION HATCH AGAGE F L O A T I N S P E C T I O N HATCH I S REQUIRED FOR INTERIOR

I N S P E C T I O N OF TANK GAGE AND FLOAT ONLY I F AN OPENING I S NOT OTHERWISE P R O V I D E D FOR THE PURPOSE,

APH ROOF NOZZLES

API-650.ROOF

FIG. 3-13ARE

AND

3

4

ROOF

NOZZLE

HEIGHTS

ARE

NOT SATISFACTORYNOZZLES

FOR MOUNTIIVGINTENDED

VENTINGFOR

EQUIPMENT, USE WITH

WHENVENTING

MACHINES,

THE H E I G H T OF THE NOZZLES S H A L L BE

INCREASED

V,

GAGING AND SAMPLING DEVICES

A,

VAPOR-TIGHT GAGE HATCH

THESEBE

ARE

NEEDED ONLYON

ON VAPOR-TIGHT

T A ~ ~ KAND S SYOULD

PLACED

ALL

VAPOR-TIGHT

TATiKS

EQUIPPED

WITH

BREATHER V A L V E S ,

SEVERAL

MAWUFACTUDE?S HAKES S T A N D i l 2 3

EQUIPMENT WHICH I S S A T I S F A C T O R Y ,

B,

. FUIMEL-TYPE THIEF AND GAGE HATCH

THISDIRTY,

IS

A

NON-GAS-TIGHT

HATCH

USEE ON

TANKS

HOLDING

LO%-VAPOR-PRESSURE

STOCK,

IT IS

USED

FOR

C A T C H I N G D R I P S FROM SAMPLE B O T T L E S AND GAGE TAPES AND ALSO P R O V I D E S A RACK FOR S A M P L I N G EQUIPMENT,

C,

MULTIPLE USE HATCH

THE

COMBINED

GAGE HATCH,

BREATHER,

AND MANHOLE FOR NOM-

GAS-TIGHT GAS-TIGHT

TANKS SERVES A T R I P L E FUlVCTION ON SMALL NONTANKS,

IT HAS

BEEN USED FOR SMALL GREASE AND

SLUDGE TANKS,

D.

GAGE WELLS

SLOTTEDGUARD

GAGE

WELLS

FOR

FIXED

ROOF

TANKS

ARE

USED TOREFINED

AGAINST

STATIC

HAZARD

I N TANKS

STORING

PRODUCTS WHERE VAPOR SPACE MAY BE I N E X P L O S I V E RANGE,

E,

TANK GAGING

TANK LEVEL GAGINGFORPROCESS

IS

DEFINED

BY THE

API

AS "A

PROCESS:I

OF MEASURING THE H E I G H T OF A L I Q U I D I N A STORAGE TANK,

LEVELCAN

MEASU~EMENTBE

ACCURACY MECHANICAL

REBU I REHEHBSGAGES*

(8.1XCELLS,

TO

1%)

MET WITH

DIP

TORQUE

TUBE D I S P L A C E R S ,

OR A V A R I E T Y OF OTHER,

UNCONVENTIONAL SYSTEMS,

A

I

B

I

C

I

D

I

E

1

F

I

G

I

ti

O R D E R IC.\JG D A T A