5.2 Asexual Reproduction o A clone is an identical genetic copy of its parent. o Many organisms...
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5.2 Asexual Reproduction o A clone is an identical genetic copy of its parent. o Many organisms naturally form clones via asexual reproduction. o Cloning
5.2 Asexual Reproduction A clone is an identical genetic copy of
its parent.Many organisms naturally form clones via asexual
reproduction.Cloning is also used in agriculture and research to
copy desired organisms, tissues and genes.
Types of Asexual Reproduction1. BINARY FISION When a single
celled organism (ex. amoeba, paramecium) splits into identical
copies through the process of mitosis.
Types of Asexual Reproduction2. BUDDINGWhen areas of some
multicellular organisms (ex. hydra, sponge) undergo repeated
mitosis to form an identical organism. Buds sometimes detach to
form a separate organism.
Types of Asexual Reproduction 3. FRAGMENTATIONWhen a part of an
organism breaks off due to injury, and the part grows into a clone
of the parent.
Types of Asexual Reproduction 4. VEGETATIVE REPRODCUTIONWhen
parent plants grow new plants which remain attached for a time and
may break off to form new adult plants.
Types of Asexual Reproduction 5. SPORE FORMATIONWhen some
bacteria, micro-organisms and fungi can form spores - single cells
that can grow into a whole new organism.
Advantages & Disadvantages
Human Assisted CloningHumans use all the asexual cloning methods
in order to produce desired results with organisms. This is done in
several ways.
Human Assisted CloningReproductive cloning - purpose is to
produce a genetic duplicate of an existing or dead organism. Steps
involved:Remove nucleus from an egg cellA mammary gland cell is
removed from an adult femaleElectricity fuses mammary and egg
cellFused cell begins dividingDividing embryo is inserted into
surrogate mother
Human Assisted CloningTherapeutic cloning - purpose is to
correct health problems
Very important to therapeutic cloning are stem cells - cells
that can become different types of cellsStem cells can be used to
replace cellsdamaged from injuries or diseaseDiabetes, spinal
injuries, Parkinsonsdisease are only a few that canbenefit from
stem cell therapyControversial because the beststem cells are from
embryos whichare destroyed when harvesting cells
