Paper Reference(s)

5005 5025Edexcel GCSEScience (5005)Biology (5025)B1a – Topics 1 and 2Foundation and Higher TierMonday 5 March 2012 – MorningTime: 20 minutes

Materials required for examination Items included with question papersMultiple Choice Answer Sheet NilHB pencil, eraser and calculator

Instructions to CandidatesUse an HB pencil. Do not open this booklet until you are told to do so.Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Foundation tier candidates: answer questions 1 – 24.Higher tier candidates: answer questions 17 – 40.All candidates are to answer questions 17 – 24.

Before the test begins:Check that the answer sheet is for the correct test and that it contains your candidate details.

How to answer the test:For each question, choose the right answer, A, B, C or Dand mark it in HB pencil on the answer sheet.For example, the answer C would be marked as shown.

Mark only one answer for each question. If you change your mind about an answer, rub outthe first mark thoroughly, then mark your new answer.Do any necessary calculations and rough work in this booklet. You may use a calculator if you wish.You must not take this booklet or the answer sheet out of the examination room.

Printer’s Log. No.

P40180A

This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with Pearson Education Ltd copyright policy. ©2012 Pearson Education Ltd.

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*P40180A*

A B D

Surname Initial(s)

Signature

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Questions 1 to 16 must be answered by Foundation tier candidates only.Higher tier candidates start at question 17.

Ecosystems in rivers

Use the information and diagram to answer questions 1 to 4.

The diagram shows part of a food web for a river.

1. Which is the producer in this food chain?

A mussels B crab C algae D seal

2. How many types of organisms feed on the salmon?

A 2 only B 4 only C 6 only D 16 only

3. Which are the top carnivores in this food web?

A seal and salmon only B seal and heron only C seal and crab only D seal, heron and crab only

heron

seal

shrimp

algae

mussels

animal planton

salmon

stonefly larva

worm

crab

small fish

freshwater mollusc

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4. Which of the following is a correct food chain for this food web?

A algae → shrimp → salmon → seal B algae → mussels → crab → worm C heron → small fish → salmon → shrimp D worm → crab → mussels → algae

5. One species of salmon has 25 pairs of chromosomes. Where are chromosomes found in the cells of a salmon?

A cell membrane B nucleus C cytoplasm D chloroplast

6. Which row of the table is correct?

chromosomes contain chromosomes contain

A genes HGP

B genes DNA

C gametes HGP

D gametes DNA

7. Female salmon release eggs into a nest called a redd. A male salmon sprays the eggs with sperm.

This type of reproduction is called

A asexual B cloning C selective breeding D sexual

8. Eggs and sperm are examples of

A genotypes B alleles C gametes D phenotypes

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Organic farming

9. The pie chart shows the percentage of organic farming in six regions of the world.

Which of the six regions of the world has the lowest percentage of organic farming?

A Asia B Africa C North America D Oceania

10. Organic farming involves

A using only natural pesticides and fertilisers B using artificial pesticides and fertilisers C using both natural and artificial fertilisers D using artificial fertilisers and natural pesticides

11. What is the most likely reason for farmers changing to organic farming methods?

A crops have a longer shelf life B consistent crop growth C increased profit margins D increased crop production

Oceania 42%

Latin America

24%

Asia 4%Africa 1%

Europe 23%

North America

6%

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12. Which of these statements about the ethical reasons for the promotion of organic farming methods are correct?

1 organic farming methods reduce pollution of water by chemicals 2 the use of biological control reduces the use of toxic artificial pesticides

A 1 only B 2 only C both 1 and 2 D neither 1 nor 2

The Black Petunia

Petunias have pigments called anthocyanins that control the colour of their petals.

13. By breeding plants with the highest levels of anthocyanins, scientists have produced a nearly black-flowered petunia.

This process is known as

A genetic modification B natural selection C selective breeding D survival of the fittest

14. The pollen and ovules of plants contain sex cells. These sex cells are examples of

A diploid genes B diploid gametes C haploid genes D haploid gametes

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15. Alleles determine characteristics such as petal colour. What is an allele?

A a complete chromosome B a complete DNA molecule C an alternative form of a gene D an alternative form of a gamete

16. What term is used to describe an organism with two of the same alleles for a characteristic?

A heterozygous B homozygous C genotype D phenotype

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Higher tier candidates start at question 17 and answer questions 17 to 40.Questions 17 to 24 must be answered by all candidates: Foundation tier and Higher tier.

Cloned meat – the future of food

In a recent report, the Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes (ACNFP) said there is no evidence of any difference between meat from cloned cattle compared to meat from conventionally-bred cattle.

17. Cattle cloned from one individual are genetically

A different from each other B identical to each other C identical to all conventionally-bred cattle D different from each other and all conventionally-bred cattle

18. Which statements are ethical concerns about the cloning of cattle?

1 there is no difference between the meat from cloned cattle and meat from conventionally-bred cattle

2 cloned cattle may have a shorter natural life span than conventionally-bred cattle

A 1 only B 2 only C both 1 and 2 D neither 1 nor 2

19. Some pressure groups are against the cloning of cattle. One pressure group stated ‘cloning will only encourage the move to industrialised dairy and

cattle farming’.

Why should people carry out further research before agreeing with statements from pressure groups?

A pressure groups never print the truth B pressure groups do not know anything about cloning C pressure groups always give a fair view D pressure groups are likely to print only one point of view

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Natural selection

Use the diagram to answer questions 20 and 21.

The diagram shows natural selection.

20. What was the end result after many generations?

A an increase in both types of beetles B a decrease in both types of beetles C an increase in grey beetles and a decrease in black beetles D an increase in black beetles and a decrease in grey beetles

21. The diagram shows

A interdependence between the birds and the beetles B a predator-prey relationship between the two types of beetles C intra-species competition between birds and beetles D a predator-prey relationship between birds and beetles

We love black beetles

. . .generations later. . .

. . .generations later. . .

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22. Natural selection results in

A evolution due to survival of the fittest B evolution due to artificial selection C extinction due to successful adaptation D extinction due to artificial selection

23. Computer models can be used to suggest the effects of natural selection. Computer modelling is used because computer models

A always produce accurate results B are more reliable than real data C enable predictions to be produced faster D never involve human error

24. Evidence to support the theory of evolution can be found using

A pyramids of biomass and pyramids of numbers B the mineralised remains of plants and animals C computer models of artificial selection D genetic diagrams of inheritance

TOTAL FOR FOUNDATION TIER PAPER: 24 MARKS

Foundation tier candidates do not answer any more questions after question 24.

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Questions 25 to 40 must be answered by Higher tier candidates only.Foundation tier candidates do not answer questions 25 to 40.

Genetic inheritance

Use the information to answer questions 25 to 28.

Retinitis pigmentosa is a disorder that damages the retina in the eye.Retinitis pigmentosa can be a genetically inherited disorder.An example of the inheritance of this disorder is shown in the pedigree diagram below.

25. This example of the genetic disorder is caused by

A a recessive allele B a dominant allele C both the dominant and recessive alleles D neither the dominant nor recessive alleles

26. Which row of the table is correct for the genotype and phenotype of these parents for the disorder Retinitis pigmentosa?

father mother

genotype phenotype genotype phenotype

A heterozygous affected homozygous not affected

B homozygous not affected heterozygous not affected

C homozygous affected homozygous affected

D heterozygous not affected heterozygous affected

affected son

father

(one parent affected)

mother

Dd dd

Dd dd Dd dd

normal daughter

affected daughter

normal son

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27. The affected daughter decides to have children. What would be the percentage chance of her passing the allele for Retinitis pigmentosa on to

her offspring?

A 25% B 50% C 75% D 100%

28. Which Punnett square is correct for the genetic cross shown in the pedigree diagram?

D d

D DD Dd

d Dd dd

D d

d Dd dd

d Dd Dd

d d

d Dd dd

d Dd dd

d d

D Dd Dd

d dd dd

A B C D

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Trends in cancer

Use the graphs to answer questions 29 and 30.

The graphs show the incidence of different cancers in males and females between 1975 and 2003.

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year of diagnosis

rate

per

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,000

pop

ulat

ion

prostate

lung and bronchus

colon and rectum

urinary bladder

male

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year of diagnosis

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breast

lung and bronchuscolon and rectumuterine corpus

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29. Which row of the table shows the most common types of cancer in males and females between 1975 and 2003?

male female

A breast prostate

B lung and bronchus colon and rectum

C colon and rectum lung and rectum

D prostate breast

30. For a female population of 2 million, how many cases of breast cancer were there during 1987?

A 130 B 260 C 1300 D 2600

31. Research is being carried out into treating breast cancer with gene therapy. This is possible because of

A research into animal cloning and genetic engineering B the outcomes of the HGP and research into genetic engineering C the outcomes of the HGP and research into animal cloning D research into ‘designer babies’ and transgenic animals

32. Gene therapy involves

A identifying and adding new alleles into affected cells B removing the allele that causes a disorder from each cell C mutating the gene that causes a disorder to produce new cells D changing the whole human genome to remove the disorder

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Hydroponics

There is an increase in the use of hydroponics for growing salad vegetables.Hydroponics involves growing plants with their roots in water rather than soil.

Jeff Carroll / Agstockusa / Science Photo Library

33. Plants grown using hydroponic systems have a higher crop yield than traditional methods. What is essential for plant growth?

A nitrogen B fats C protein D fibre

34. A plant with yellow leaves may not be making enough chlorophyll. Which mineral ions are essential for chlorophyll formation?

A nitrate and phosphate ions B nitrate and magnesium ions C nitrate and potassium ions D nitrate ions only

35. Biological control is often used when growing plants with hydroponics. What does biological control involve?

A using natural fertilisers to increase plant growth B using artificial fertilisers to increase plant growth C spraying with pesticides to remove insect pests D using predators to reduce the pests that feed on crop plants

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36. Crop plants can be genetically modified to increase crop yield. During genetic modification

A enzymes are used to remove genes and hormones are used to insert genes B hormones are used to remove genes and enzymes are used to insert genes C enzymes are used to both remove and insert genes D hormones are used to both remove and insert genes

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Classification of animals

Use the diagram to answer questions 37 and 38.

The diagram shows the main groups of classification of some animals.

37. To which family does the domestic cat belong?

A catus B Felis C Felidae D Carnivora

38. Which classification details are correct for the domestic dog?

species Canis

genus familiaris

family Canidae

order Carnivora

species Canis

genus familiaris

family Carnivora

order Canidae

A B

species Carnivora

genus Canidae

family Canis

order familiaris

species familiaris

genus Canis

family Canidae

order Carnivora

C D

Felis Mephitis Lutra Canis

Felidae MustelidaeCanidae

Carnivora

Felis catus(domestic cat)

Mephitis mephitis(striped skunk)

Lutra lutra

(European otter)

Canis familiaris(domestic

dog)

Canis lupus(wolf)

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39. Which of these statements about classification are correct?

1 there are five main vertebrate groups – mammals, reptiles, birds, amphibians and fish

2 there are more similarities between organisms in the same family than organisms in the same genus

3 plants and animals form the only two known kingdoms

A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 1, 2 and 3

40. It is difficult to classify transgenic organisms. The reason for this is because transgenic organisms

A are hybrids produced by mating two different species together B have the genes from a different species put into their genome C are clones of the original species D can produce designer milk

TOTAL FOR HIGHER TIER PAPER: 24 MARKS

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