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AYURVEDIC SYSTEM OF MEDICINEGadade Dipak D.
Dept. of Pharmaceutics,
Shri Bhagwan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad
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INTRODUCTION Ayur (life) and veda (science or knowledge) Upaveda of Atharveda Ayurveda deals with -herbs plants, anatomy and physiology of body
and principles of tretment of diseases Charaka samhita- Oldest text of Ayurveda
edited from Agnivesh Samhita by Charaka (Physician of Kanishka)
Agnivesh- founder of medicine(diciple of Sage Atreya)
Sushruta samhita- author Sushruta (Father of surgical medicine)
Nagarjuna- App. Of chemistry, metallurgy & alchemy to medicine (Philosopher, Physician and alchemist)
He written Rasa-Ratnakar, Rasa-kachhaputa and Yoga Sataka
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Charka
Sushruta Nagarjuna
Dhanwantari
THEORY AND BASIC CONCEPTS
Ayurveda is based on three fundamental principles
Panchamahabhuta Siddhanta
Tridosha theory
Rasa-Guna-Virya-Vipaka-Prabhava Siddhanta
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PANCHA MAHABHUTA SIDDHANTA
Every substance is combination of panchamahabuta
Each of it have own chr’ features, properties & means of identification
Perfect balance of P.M.-healthy state Disturbed balance of P.M.-Illness
Prithvi- Shape and form of body
Apa- Moisture , Liquidity & lubrication
Tej- Agni & Fire- Heat & energy
Vayu- Prana-Vital force controlling respiration
Akash- Vacuoles and pores responsible for transportation of nutritional elements
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TRIDOSHA THEORY Dosha means impurities Imbalance of doshas cause diseased state
Vata- Vayu & Akash- Chr’: lightness & mobility balanced vata bring about by respiration and imbalace is bring by cold weather & vata quality dietPitta- Agni & Fire- Chr’: hot,bright & acidic balanced pitta helps in digestion & energy production and inbalance is caused by hot, spicy food & in summerKapha- Prithvi & Apa- Chr’: Watery & heavy balanced kapha affords lubrication of joints & stability of body while imbalance is by weeather, spring, heavy metal & too much rest
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RASA-GUNA-VIRYA-VIPAKA-PRABHAVA SIDDHANTA
• Important pharmacological principle of dravya or drug
• These principles cover all chr’s of drugRasa- Therapeutically active agentGuna- QualityVirya- Active principle by which potency is characterizedVipaka- End product of digestionPrabhava- Actual therapeutic activity of drug
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OTHER CONCEPTS
Tridosha- Dhatu- Mala Siddhanta
Dhatus: Rasa, Raktam, Mansa, Meda,
Asthi, Majja, shukra and oja
Mala: Purisha (Feaces), Mutra (Urine),
Sweda (Sweat)
• Triguna: Satva (Good), Raja
(Aggressiveness), Tama (Dullness)
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PANCHKARMA
• Procedures adopted for cleansing of body and mind accumulated wasteSnehan- Smoothing of body with massage with antivatic sesame oilSwedan- Steaming of body for removal of sweda and for lightningVaman- Expulsion of Kapha dosha with large quantities of qwathVirechan- Expulsion of sputum with of Rechak DravyaBasti- Cleansing of urino genital system with medicatedenemas.
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TREATMENTTreatment of the disease consists in
avoiding causative factors responsible for disequilibrium of the
body matrix through the use of Panchkarma procedures,
medicines, suitable diet, activity and regimen for restoring the
balance and strengthening the body mechanisms to prevent or
minimize future occurrence of the disease.
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TREATMENT
Types of Treatment : The treatment of disease
can broadly be classified as
Shodhana therapy (Purification Treatment
with panchkarma)
Shamana therapy (Palliative Treatment for
reconstituion of humor-doshas)
Pathya Vyavastha (Prescription of diet and
activity- do’s and don’ts of diet )
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TREATMENT
Nidan Parivarjan (Avoidance of disease
causing and aggravating factors)
Satvavajaya (Psychotherapy)
Rasayana therapy (use of
immunomodulators and rejuvenation
medicines)
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BRANCHES OF TREATMENT IN AYURVEDA
Sr. No. Types of Chikitsa Treatment
1 Kayachikitsa General Medicine
2 Shalakyatantra Opthalmology
3 Shalyatantra Surgery
4 Agada Tantra Toxicology
5 Rasayana Chikitsa Geriatrics
6 Vajeekaran Diseases of genital organs
7 Kumaryabhyatrya tantra
Pediatrics
8 Bhutvidya Psychitrics
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AYURVEDA AND DIET
An individual’s mental and spiritual development as well as his temperament is influenced by the quality of food consumed by him. Food in human body is transformed first into chyle or Rasa and then successive processes involve its conversion into blood, muscle, fat, bone, bone-marrow, reproductive elements and ojas. Thus, food is basic to all the metabolic transformations and life activities. Lack of nutrients in food or improper transformation of food lead to a variety of disease conditions.
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TYPES OF DRUG FORMULATIONPowders Liquids Semisolids Solids
Churna Taila Kalka Vatika
Bhasma Asava Ghrita Gutika
Satva Arishta Malham Vati
Kshar Arka Avleha
Mandur Kwath Rasayoga
Parpati Hima
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IMP. AYURVEDIC DRUGS AND THEIR USES
Sr. Ayurvedic Drugs Type of formulation
Uses
1 Arjunaristha Arishtha Heart Diseases
2 Khadirarishtha Arishtha Skin Diseases
3 Kumaryasava Asava Liver Tonic
4 Triphala churna Churna General tonic, Stomachic
5 Sitophaladi churna Churna Cough, Asthama
6 Parad bhasma Bhasma Antidiarrhoeal
7 Yasad bhasam Bhasma In eye diseases
8 Shatavari ghruta Ghruta Piles
9 Amrutprabha Vati Vati Indigestion
10 Medohar Vati Vati Hypolididemic12/29/10
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IMP. AYURVEDIC DRUGS AND THEIR USES
Sr. Ayurvedic Drugs Type of formulation
Uses
11 Dhananjaya Vati Vati In Cough
12 Chirayata Arka Arka Antipyretic
13 Kasturi Gutika Gutika Aphrodisiac
14 Sarpagandha Churnayog
Yog Heart diseases
15 Vidangasava Asava Antimicrobial
16 Adulasa Kshar Kshar Expectorant
17 Shankhapushpi Sharbat
Sharbat Memory tonic
18 Dashmukha Qwath Qwath Ailments of Kapha & Vata
19 Balant Kadha Kadha For pregnant womens after pregnancy
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INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR. DOSAGE FORMS…
Arishtha:• Mediacted weak alcoholic liquors prepared
by fementation• Raw material: Veg. juices with honey or
jaggery • plants parts like roots, leaves & barks cut
into pieces and Decoction is prepared• Honey or jaggery is mixed with Decoction
of drug• Fermentation is carried out for about 7 to
10 days in hot condition and 15 to 30 days in cold conditions.
• eg. Arjurishtha, Khadirarishtha
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INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR. DOSAGE FORMS
Asava• Mediacted alcoholic liquors prepared by fementation• Raw material: Veg. juices with honey or jaggery • plants parts like roots, leaves & barks cut into pieces
and infusion is prepared• Honey or jaggery is mixed with infusion of drug• Fermentation is carried out for about 6 months• generally used as stomachic, stimulant, tonic &
astringent, etc.• Eg. Kumariasava,
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INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR. DOSAGE FORMS…
Vatika:• Decoction of crude drug is prepared and
converted to soft extrat to thick consitancy• It is mixed with powdered medicines, raw
sugar, honey, gum, etc. to form pill mass• Pill mass is converted to pill pipe and pills are
prepared from it to form vatika
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INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR. DOSAGE FORMS…
Churna:• Powdered mixtures of minerals, animal or
vegetable substances prepared in morter-pestle
• Powdered mixture then passed through cloth, linen or fine sieve.
• Equal quantity of jaggery or double the quantity of sugar is mixed with powdered mixture.
• It is taken with milk, hot water or cow’s urine.• Eg. Sitophaladi churna, Ashwagandha churna
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INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR. DOSAGE FORMS…
Tailas:• Medicated oils are prepared by boiling
drugs in water, milk, or other liquids• Water is completely removed from
preparation• Tailas are generally used for external
local application some are also used internally
• Eg. Nilgiri Taila (Eucalyptus Oil) , Til Taila (Sesame Oil)
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INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR. DOSAGE FORMS…
Ghrita• These are medicated ghees or clarified butter• Ghees or butter is heated on fire to remove
water• Little turmeric juice is then added to purify it.• Purified ghruta mixed with drug powder or
decoction of drug and heated in earthen pot, copper pot or iron pan to remove traces of water.
• It is strained through cloth and preserved for use.
• Used internally.
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Sushruta performing Surgery 4,000 years ago. Published by MNC Park Davies Drug company
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