235985018 Carrier Aggregation

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Copyright© ANRITSU

Carl Anderson

Sr. Business Development Manager

Carrier Aggregation

July 2014

Mobile Devices Solutions


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Topics

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• The Case for Carrier Aggregation

• Carrier Aggregation: Concepts, Drivers & Roadmap

• Network Deployment Options

• Overview of Carrier Aggregation in LTE-A

• Testing of Carrier Aggregation – Anritsu Solutions for LTE Carrier Aggregation

• Conclusions and Q&A


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The Case for

Carrier AggregationMobile Devices Solutions


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Mob ile Data Usage

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• Huge growth is predicted


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Spectrum Congest ion

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• Technology is reaching the limits of spectral efficiency (bps/Hz)

• Ever increasing user demand (applications) requires more bandwidth

• Few areas with large contiguous blocks of spectrum

– Mainly at frequencies greater than 3GHz

• Available “prime” spectrum is fragmented in small blocks

US Spectrum Allocation 300 MHz to 3 GHz


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Carrier Aggregation:

Concepts, Drivers & RoadmapMobile Devices Solutions


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Carr ier Aggregat ion (CA) Concepts

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• Increasing RF and Baseband chipset integration opens the possibilityto receive and transmit on more than one carrier simultaneously



CA Drivers

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• Intra-band Contiguous

aggregation driven by >5 MHz 3Glicenses and spectrum becoming

available from WRC07

– Scale to wider bandwidths whilestill supporting existing UEs

on a single CC• Inter-band aggregation driven by

existing licenses, mergers and

acquisitions, and digital dividend

– Piece together spectrum to

compete with carriers having

contiguous spectrum

Multi-Carrier UE

North American

Licensed Spectrum



CA Roadmap for LTE

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1 4 20

MHz

300 Mbps

4x4MIMO

4Layers

Release 8

1 4 20

MHz

75 Mbps

SISO/SIMO

1Layer

Release 8

D O W N

L I N K

U P L I N K

1 4 40

MHz

600 Mbps

4x4MIMO

4Layers

Release 10

1 4 40

MHz

300 Mbps

2x2MIMO

2Layers

Release 10

1 4 100

MHz

3000 Mbps

8x8MIMO

8Layers

Release 12+

1 4 100

MHz

1500 Mbps

4x4MIMO4Layers

Release 12+

1 4 40

MHz

1200 Mbps

8x8MIMO

8Layers

Release 11

1 4 40

MHz

600 Mbps

4x4MIMO4Layers

Release 11

Note: Likely Peak Performance Indicated



RFT-103 Carrier

Aggregation

WI-162 E-UTRA Carrier

Aggregation

Ind us try and Cert if icat ion Trends for CA

Trial/Planning: 30

Certification Start 2014Certification Started

Commercial CarriersDeploying/Pre-

Commercial

…& 3 more in

Kuwait and

Saudi Arabia

http://www.globalcertificationforum.org/?view=featuredhttp://www.ptcrb.com/index.cfm?tab=Home



Network Deployment

OptionsMobile Devices Solutions


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Netwo rk Deployment Opt ion s

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Identical Coverage

Intra-band Contiguous CCs

Diverse Coverage

• Using wideband transceiver in the eNB • Improve coverage at sector edges

f 1

f 2


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Netwo rk Deployment Opt ion s(cont inued)

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Remote Radio Heads

Inter-band Non-Contiguous CCs

CA in a Heterogeneous Network

f 1

f 2

• High frequency carrier used to provide hot-

spots of greater capacity

• Pico-cells / femto-cells used to offload the

macro-cell

• Intra-cell interference coordination used to

increase capacity

Note: Conceptual only. Distributed antennas not currently supported by 3GPP


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Carrier Aggregation

in LTE-AMobile Devices Solutions


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CA Band No tat ion and Rel. 11 Implementat ions

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• Format for CA Band Notation

Intra-Band

Contiguous

Intra-Band

Non-Contiguous

Inter-Band


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CA Band No tat ion and Rel. 11 Implementat ions

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• Rel. 10 and 11 Examples


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CA UE Bandw idth Classes

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Channel bandwidth BWChannel

[MHz] 1.4 3 5 10 15 20

Transmission bandwidth configuration N RB

6 15 25 50 75 100


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CA Band /Bandw idth Class Combinat ion s

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• Format for CA Band/Bandwidth Class Notation

Inter-BandIntra-Band

Contiguous

Intra-Band

Non-Contiguous


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CA Band /Bandw idth Class Combinat ion s

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• Rel. 10 and 11 Band/Bandwidth Combinations


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3 Carrier CA

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• 3GPP RAN 4 is working on 3 Carrier Combinations as well as

FDD+TDD for Release 12

• The work needs to move to RAN5 and be finalized before test cases

for these features are known


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LTE-A CA Overv iew

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• Uses R8/9 backward-compatible carriers as the basic building blocks

• Signaling supports aggregation of up to 5 CCs in both UL and DL• One CC acts as the anchor (Primary) for mobility, others (Secondaries)

are added/released through signaling on Primary

• Supports Intra-band contiguous, non-contiguous, and Inter-band

• Supports use of Remote Radio

Heads and Relay Nodes

• Supports both symmetric and

asymmetric aggregations

Note: Although signaling supports up to 5 CCs, 3GPP Releases support specific configurations

Release 10: In DL max 2 DL inter or intra-band contiguous or non-contiguous CCs,

In UL max 2 intra-band contiguous CCs

Release 11: In DL same as Rel10,

In UL max 2 intra-band contiguous or non-contiguous CCs


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Changes from LTE to LTE-A

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• Introduction of PDSCH-only downlink

– Cross-carrier scheduling with Carrier Identifier Field (CIF) in PDCCH

• Measurements

– New event A6 added for Scell change

• DRX

– Added capability for S-Cell

activation/deactivation• BSR

– New BSR table added to support

higher data rates

PCC – Primary Component Carrier

SCC – Secondary Component Carrier


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LTE-A Upper Layers

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• NAS

– No impact; only uses

P-Cell

• RRC

– New signaling for

management of SCC

– New measurement

control

• PDCP/RLC

– Same architecture but

need to handle higherdata throughputs


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LTE Catego ries

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Carr ier Ac t ivation and DRX

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• Additional Scell CCs are Activated Through a MAC Control Element

(CE) – CC is Available for Scheduling 8 Subframes Later

• Timer Starts on SCell Activation

– If No Data is Scheduled by PDCCH for Timer Period, SCell is Deactivated


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Phys ical Layer Aspects o f CA (1)

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• Downlink Channel Quality

– CQI reported for each CC on the PUCCH or PUSCH if active• Uplink Control Signaling

– Rel. 8 HARQ bandwidth not adequate for additional CCs

– PUCCH format 3 created to allow for 10 ACK/NACK bits (FDD)

• Uplink Channel Quality

– Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) request and transmission on PCells andSCells enabled

• Uplink Transmit Power Control (TPC)

– PUCCH and 1 or more PUSCHs can be power controlled independently

– PDSCH TPCs on PDCCH of PCell or SCell


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Phys ical Layer Aspects o f CA (2)

• Downlink Radio LinkMonitoring – UE evaluates Radio Link quality and

failure through the Pcell

– More effective to deploy Pcells aslower frequency in inter-band CA

scenarios due to better propagation

• Timing and Synchronization – In the case of a co-located eNB,

timing advance the same regardlessof frequency (band)

• Cross-Carrier Scheduling – Decreases interference for HetNets – 3 Bit Carrier Indicator Field (CIF)

Allows for Up to 7 Carriers

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RRC Layer Aspects o f CA (1)

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• UE Capability Transfer Procedure

– UE Category• CA support implied by cat. 6-8 - CA config signaled separately

– Cross-Carrier Scheduling Support

– Simultaneous PUSCH and PUCCH TX

• Supports simultaneous PUSCH and PUCCH on different CCs

– Supported Band Combinations

• Support for specific frequency band and bandwidth comb.

– Event A6 Support

• Neighbor PCell becomes stronger than a serving SCell by D

– SCell Addition During Handover to E-UTRAN


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RRC Layer Aspects o f CA (2)

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• SCell Addition and Removal

– SCells cannot be added immediately at RRC establishment• Added and removed through RRC Connection Reconfiguration

procedure

– Since intra-LTE handover is treated as RRC Connection

Reconfiguration, CA “handover” is possible

• Handover Procedures for CA are Largely the same as

Release 8 and 9

– New event A6 when neighbor PCell becomes larger than service

SCell

• Handover to neighbor Pcell depending on network conditions


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Test ing of Carr ier Aggregat ion

- High -Level Test Requ irements

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• Potentially Large Numbers of Transmitters and Receivers

– 5 CCs with 8 x n MIMO with Handover => 80 Transmitters – All may require independent up-conversion

– 5 CCs with n x 4 MIMO with Handover => 40 Receivers

– All may require independent down-conversion

• High Peak Data Rates – Up to 50K IP Packets/sec with some functions requiring processing per

packet (e.g. ROHC)

– e.g., Current solutions use 1Gbps Ethernet

• Logging

– Tracing problems may require very smart search and filter tools – Logging at each layer can generate huge amounts of data


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Test ing of Carr ier Aggregat ion

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• Development Testing

– New L1 and L2 features – New RRC signaling

– High rate bearers

– New connected mode mobility permutations

• Conformance Testing

– New RF tests for each band combination – New RRM tests for new measurement types

– New Protocol tests for L2 extensions and for R10 RRC signaling

• Carrier Acceptance Testing – Operator specific band combinations

– Device performance


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Device Test Market Model

Conf.& Carrier

Acceptance Test

Alternate Channel

Distribution/Integ.

Carrier

Distribution

Consumer AftermarketService

BB Chipset

Development

ODM

UE Integration

OEMIntegration

EMS

Factory

OEM

Factory


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CA Signal ing Test Examp les

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7.1.3.11 Addition of new CA test case: CA / Correct HARQ process handling / DCCH and DTCH /

Pcell and Scell Rel-10

7.1.4.21 CA / UE power headroom reporting / Extended PHR Rel-10

7.1.9.1 CA / Activation/Deactivation of SCells / Activation/Deactivation MAC control element

reception / sCellDeactivationTimer Rel-10

8.2.2.3 CA / RRC connection reconfiguration / SCell addition/modification/release / Success Rel-10

8.2.2.4 CA / RRC connection reconfiguration / SCell SI change / Success Rel-10

8.2.2.5 CA / RRC connection reconfiguration / SCell Addition without UL / Success Rel-10

8.2.4.17 CA / RRC connection reconfiguration / Handover / Success / PCell Change and SCell

addition Rel-10

8.2.4.18 CA / RRC connection reconfiguration / Handover / Success / SCell release Rel-10

8.3.1.17 CA / Measurement configuration control and reporting / Intra E-UTRAN measurements /

Event A6 Rel-10

8.3.1.18 CA / Measurement configuration control and reporting / Intra E-UTRAN measurements /

Additional measurement reporting Rel-10


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LTE Carr ier Aggregat ion Solut ions

Conformance

Test

Carrier

Acceptance

Test (CAT)

ProductionIntegration /

Functional Test

Chipset Design /

Core UE R&D

MS269xA & MS2830A

Signal Analyzer

MG3710A

Signal Generator

MD1230B

Data Quality Analyzer

MT8820CRadio Communication

Analyzer

(UE Calibration and

RF Parametric Test)

MT8820C

Radio Communication

Analyzer

(RF Parametric Test)

ME7873L

RF Conformance Test System

ME7834L

Mobile Device

Test Platform

MD8475A

Signaling Tester

(Application Test)

MD8430A

Signaling Tester with RTD

(L1/L2, Protocol Stack Test)

MD8475A

Signaling Tester

(Application Test)

ME7873L

RF/RRMConformance

Test System

ME7834L

Mobile Device

Test Platform

MT8870A

Universal Wireless

Test Set

(UE Calibration and

RF Parametric Test)


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MWC LTE Advanced CA Demos

2012 – Intra-Band CA with Signalion UEs 2013 – Inter-Band CA with Qualcomm FFA

B4 + B17


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MD8430A Carrier Aggregation Demos at MWC

2012 – Intra-Band CA with

Signalion UEs

2013 – Inter-Band CA with

Ref. Design B4 + B17

2014 – Cat. 6 Inter-Band CA

Intel 7260 Ref. Design


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Conc lus ions

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• Huge growth in mobile data usage is driving demand for

more network capacity – Carrier Aggregation provides a highly flexible solution with

excellent re-use of existing standards and an easy route to provide

backwards compatibility with legacy devices

• Carrier Aggregation Drives Complexity in both the Wireless

Device and Base Station Simulator (Test Equipment)

• Anritsu Supports the Evolution to Carrier Aggregation with

a Parallel Portfolio of Both HSPA and LTE Capabilities


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Thank You!

For more information on Anritsu’s products please visit:

www.anritsu.com or call

1-800-ANRITSU (267-4878)

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235985018 Carrier Aggregation