122 Nov 2008

Asian Institute of Technology School of Environment Resource and DevelopmentRegional and Rural Development Planning Field of Study

Information and Communication Technology for Development

(ICT4D) in Cambodia

Presented by: Young Sokphea ID: 108042Cambodian

ED77.01Rural and Regional Development Planning

2ICT4D Cambodia

Contents

1. Fact Sheet2. What is ICT?3. What is ICT for Development?4. Current ICT Status5. Level of ICT Development6. Stakeholders in ICT Development7. ICT Development Constraints8. ICT for Development9. Current ICT Development Projects10. Does ICT Help the Poor?11. Conclusion and Recommendation 12. References

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Capital Phnom Penh

Population 14.7 millions (es.2008)

Area 181,035 Sq.km

Coastline 440km

GDP per capita 513 USD (2006)

GDP growth % 10.8 (2006)

Currency 1USD=4000 Riels

Religions 95% Buddhism

Official language Khmer

National Poverty 35% (SESC 2004)

Major Economic Sectors

Textiles/Garment, tourism, and agricultural-based industry

Cambodia: Fact Sheet

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What is ICT?

“ICT Consists of the hardware, software, networks, and  media for the collection, storage, processing, transmission and presentation of information (voice, data, text, images), as well as related services” (WB, 2008)

ICT covers any product that store, retrieve, manipulate, transmit or receive information electronically in a digital form (tutor2u.net, retrieved on 10 Nov 2008)

ICT sector is a combination of manufacturing and services industries that capture, transmit and display data and information electronically (OEDC, 2007)

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What is ICT for Development?

Is the application ICT within the field of socio-economic development. ICT assist donors, NGOs and Government to improve socio-economic condition (Wikipedia.org, 08 Nov 2008)

ICT for Millennium Development Goals 8: "In cooperation with the private sector make available the benefits of new technologies, specifically information and communication.”

ICT can improve the performance of businesses and the efficiency of markets, empower citizens and communities, increase their access to knowledge, and help to strengthen and redefine governance at all institutional levels (UN-GAID, 2008)

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Current ICT Status in Cambodia

National ICT Policy Drafting ICT Policy in Education Cambodia is latecomer to internet service only

launched in 1997 (ITU, 2002)

There are roughly 40,000 Internet users (0.28 per cent of the total population)

There are approximately 200 computer hardware companies, 100 software (Brian Unger and Naomi Robinson, 2007)

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Current ICT Status (Con’t)ICT status in Cambodia

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Telecom Service Providers Fixed lines operators (4):

Telecom Cambodia Camintel Camshin (Shinawatra) Online

Mobile operators (8): TMIC (Hello 016) Excell ( CDMA 018) ) Latelz (010) Camshin (011) GSM (Mobitel 012) Applifone (Star Cell 098) Cadcomms (QB 013) Viettel Cam ( Coming up soon 097)

Source: Nouy Song, 2008 (NiDA)

Current ICT Status (Con’t)

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Current ICT Status (con’t)

Clicknet Online Ezecom Wireless IP Wicam Camintel Telecom Cambodia

Source: Nouy Song, 2008 (NiDA)

Guesys Telesurf CityLink Casacom Gogetel CamTech Ankgor Net Mekong NetServices provided include dial-up, xDSL, broadband wireless, and leased line connections

There are currently 15 ISPs in Cambodia:

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Current ICT Status (Con’t)

ItemCambodia

Stratum

Phnom Penh Other urban Rural

Number % Number % Number % Number %

Radio/stereo 1,355,660 51.8 153,285 73.9 158,027 56.7 1,044,348 49.0

TV 1,207,543 46.1 181,130 87.3 158,274 56.8 868,138 40.7

Cell phone/ Tel. 338,329 12.9 135,375 65.3 78,338 28.1 124,617 5.8

VCR 160,125 6.1 53,825 26.0 36,536 13.1 69,764 3.3

Camera 57,660 2.2 25,719 12.4 11,470 4.1 20,472 1.0

Satellite dish 12,638 0.5 1,473 0.7 1,579 0.6 9,586 0.4

Source: NIS, 2004

Communication Equipments in Cambodia (2004)

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Level of ICT Development of Cambodia KhmerOS initiative in 2004, translating and producing

free computer applications in Khmer language (word processing, spreadsheets, Internet software, e-mail, etc.)

Based on International Telecommunication Union (ITU) measured the level of development of ICT globally by using Digital Access Indic (DIA), which ranked countries around the world into strength and weakness (Low Access, Medium Access, Upper Access, and High Access)

The calculation based on five areas, those are availability of infrastructure, affordability of access, educational level, quality of ICT services, and Internet usage ( ITU, 2002)

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UNESCO cited in GKP 2003

Comparison ICT Development within the Region and World

Level of ICT Development (Con’t)

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Phones Subscribers

Level of ICT Development (Con’t)

1.5 million (WB, 2007)

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Stakeholders in ICT Development in Cambodia

World Bank, cited in IIC, 2006

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ICT Development Constraints in Cambodia

The prolonged civil war in Cambodia destroyed nearly all of the country's infrastructures including education and telecommunication systems.

Cambodia's started from near zero in 1994 and the lack of clear, consistent, forward-looking policy and regulation place the country's ICT sector far behind those of its neighbor

Cost of telecommunications still high to help businesses and people at large. ICT should be made to work for the betterment of the poor.

Adult literacy 69.6% (NIS, 2004)

Electric grid coverage only 10 % (IIC, 2006)

The more Kwh consumed, the higher price (Phnom Penh)

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Source: Philippine Senate Economic Planning Office (2005)

Source: ITU (2002)

ICT Development Constraint (Con’t)

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No high level of research on ICT and development, (Norbert Klien, 2007)

Yet case studies are available

- Health

- Education

- E-government

ICT for Development in Cambodia

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ICT for Development (Con’t)

The iREACH (ICT for Rural Empowerment and Community Health) http://www.ireach.org.kh/ - Provided important service network to community such as computers, internet, e-mail and community sound information program which related with health, agriculture and education…etc.- 2 provinces (6 communes)

Love and Health for youth (http://www.healthandlove.org/)- Love and Friendship, Sexual health - Birth spacing - HIV/AIDs- Drug Telephone call & Access to web site: 4000 people per month

INTHANOU (http://www.inthanou.org), - 200 calls per day- HIV/AIDs, Man sex with Men, Drug

Health Sector

HIV/AIDS among population aged 15-49 has remarkably declined from 2.8% in 2002 to 1.9% in 2004.

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Education Sector Ministry of Education Youth and Sport

At least 50 out of the 283 High Schools in Cambodia have some computers for education. The number of computers in these High Schools varies from 10 to 100 (Sok T., 2008)

Universities Khmer Open Source Initiative (KhmerOS) www.khmeros.info

Development software in Khmer Language Digital Divide Data (DDD) www.digitaldividedata.com

2001, it is a social enterprise which provides work opportunities for disadvantaged groups by providing outsourced data services

Center for Information Systems Training (CIST) www.cistrain.orgA French NGO called Enfants du Mekong established CIST as a school for disadvantaged students to get a qualified job as ICT professionals in the country in 2005

American Assistance for Cambodia/Japan Relief for Cambodiawww.cambodiaschools.com, focusing on isolated villages to be connected to the global village, by providing access to the internet

ICT for Development (Con’t)

Source: www.afact.org

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ICT for Development (Con’t)E-government (http://www.nida.gov.kh/)

Now, 27 ministriesPhnom Penh Municipality7 districts 76 communes into online

Source: NiDA

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Current ICT for Development Projects

ICT4D Project in Cambodia

Most donors, have focused on human capacity development, and infrastructure development has been through bilateral cooperation (Miyata 2006, cited in Brian Unger and Naomi Robinson )

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Does ICT Help the Poor? Yes…

Ratanakiri Province 550 Km from Phnom Penh, around 1.5 day to reach there

Early every morning, five Honda motorcycles leave the hub in the provincial capitol of Banlung where a satellite dish, links the provincial hospital and a special skills school to the Internet for

telemedicine and computer training. The moto drivers equipped with a small box and antenna at the rear of their vehicle, that downloads and delivers e-mail through a wi-fi (wireless) card, begin the day by collecting the e-mail from the hub's dish, which takes just a few seconds. Then, as they pass each school and one health center, they transmit the messages they downloaded and retrieve any outgoing mail queued in the school or health center computer that is also equipped with a similar book-sized transmission box, and go on to the next school. At the end of the day they return to the hub to transmit all the collected e-mail to the Internet for any point on the globe.

13 Villages and the central province get benefit from this program

http://www.ratanakiri.com/

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Conclusion

Cambodia's ICT sector is developing at a slower rate compared to its neighboring countries and other LDCs. There is a lack of decisive and progressive government action towards implementing modern telecommunication and ICT policy and regulation. (Unger and Robinson, 2007)

ICT for Development has positive impact on poor, yet partial of poor people get benefit recently

Mostly control by government, social/development issue is not much brought to discussion by electronic means

Monopoly

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Recommendation Further research on the impact of ICT for Development Promote Investment on ICT for Development Project or

Digital Aid to enhance livelihood Promote competitive investment on ICT Promote solar energy Generate more electricity Improve the infrastructure in terms of telecommunication Bring down the price of telecommunication Expand the optic fiber to the isolated areas/provinces Promote Khmer Language software Finalize and implement policy Elaborate ICT in study curriculum from the basic

education

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References1. World Bank ICT Glossary Guide (2008), retrieved on 08 Nov 2008, available through the following link:

http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTINFORMATIONANDCOMMUNICATIONANDTECHNOLOGIES/0,,contentMDK:21035032~isCURL:Y~menuPK:282850~pagePK:210058~piPK:210062~theSitePK:282823,00.html#I

2. Definition of ICT http://tutor2u.net/business/ict/intro_what_is_ict.htm, retrieved on 10 Nov 2008) 3. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Countries (OEDC) (2007) Glossary of Statistic

Terms, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Countries 4. ICT4D definition: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICT_for_Development#Global_Alliance_for_ICT_and_Development 5. MDG and ICT4D: http://www.un-gaid.org/en/about/ict4d 6. Sok Tha (2008), Best Practice ICT education in Cambodia, Ministry of Education Youth and Sport,

Cambodia 7. ICT indicator in Cambodia: http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/icteye/DisplayCountry.aspx?code=KHM , retrieved on 9 Nov

20088. Digital Access Indic of International Communication Union:

http://www.itu.int/newsroom/press_releases/2003/30.html 9. International Communication Technology (2002), Khmer Internet: Cambodia Case Study, Geneva,

Switzerland 10. Electricity Rate from Philippine Senate Economic Planning Office (retrieved on 9 Nov 2008) available at

http://www.senate.gov.ph/publications/AG%202005-07%20-%20Electric%20Power.pdf 11. Lean T. (2002), Country Report of Electricity Reform in Cambodia, IEA/ASEAN Workshop on Electricity

and Gas Sector Reforms IEA Headquarters12. Adult Illiteracy Rate retrieved from National Institute of Statistic on 9 Nov 2008, which available through the

following link: http://statsnis.org/SURVEYS/CSES2003-04/table12.htm13. AFACT (2008), Country Progress Report Cambodia, accessed on 21 Nov 2008, at

http://www.afact.org/doctemp/00003/afact_353920060706180318.pdf 14. National Institute of Statistic (20004), Socio-economic Survey of Cambodia, NIS, Phnom Penh, Cambodia 15. IDRC (2008) Digital Review of Asia Pacific, 2007-2008, available online at http://www.idrc.ca/openebooks/377-

5/#page_122 16. Digital Review of Asia Pacific 2007-2008, accessed on 21 Nov 2008 at www.digital-review.org 17. NiDa, (2008) Presentation on Research Study on ICT Development in Cambodia, Euro-Southeast Asia

Cooperation Forum on ICT Research, Brussels18. International Institute of Cambodia, IIC, (2006), Cambodia Country Report, Asia Pacific Council for Trade

Facilitation and Electronic Business

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