2019 Big Game Regulationsand Tag Numbers

OregonFish and Wildlife Commission

September 14, 2018Bandon, Oregon

1

Meeting Overview

• 2019 Regulations Proposals─ Species Specific: season dates, tag numbers, etc.

Ungulates Carnivores

─ General Regulations Standard Regulation Process

Regulation Simplification Process

2

Species Specific Information

• Population Overview/Monitoring

• 2019 Hunting Season Structure

• 2019 Tag Number Proposals

3

Ungulates

4

Bighorn Sheep Population Monitoring

0500

1,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,5005,000

Popu

latio

n

Year

Oregon Bighorn Population Trend

California Rocky Mountain

5

Bighorn Sheep Population Management

Capture planned for winter 2018 – 2019Disease Monitoring

• 10 in Burnt River• 20 in Steens Mountain• 20 Pueblo Mtns• 10 Coleman Rim• 20 Hart Mountain Refuge

6

Bighorn Sheep Tag & Season Proposals

10 Rocky Mountain Bighorn Tags in 2019• Includes 2 new hunts with 1 tag each

73 California Bighorn Tags in 2019

Expanded seasons for two Aldrich hunts

Six Non-Resident (7%)

One Day calendar shift for most hunts

7

Rocky Mtn. Goat Population Monitoring

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

Popu

latio

n

Year

Oregon Rocky Mtn. Goat Population Trend

8

Rocky Mtn. Goat Tag & Season Proposals

One Day calendar shift in 2019

24 Tags in 2019

Two Nonresident tags (8%)

9

Pronghorn Population Monitoring

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

Popu

latio

n

Year

Oregon Pronghorn Population

10

Controlled Pronghorn Tag Proposals

Hunt Type2018 Tags

Buck/Either Sex 1,395Bow/Muzzleloader 731Doe 164Youth 40Premium 27Total Pronghorn 2,357

2019 Tags

% Change

1,371 -1.7%719 -1.6%164 0%

40 0%27 0%

2,321 -1.5%

Combine North & South SumpterOne Day calendar shift for 2019

11

050,000

100,000150,000200,000250,000300,000350,000400,000

Popu

latio

n Si

ze

Year

Oregon Mule Deer Population

Population MO

Mule Deer Population Monitoring

12

100%

≤50%

51-75%

76-99%

% Of MO

2018 Mule Deer Population Status

SnakeRiver

Chesnimnus

SledSprings

Minam

WenahaWalla Walla

Mt. EmilyColumbiaBasinW

Biggs

Maupin

MalheurRiver

BeulahLookout Mt.

Keating

Imnaha

Starkey

Desolation

Northside

MurdersCreek

Silvies

Ochoco

Maury

Grizzly

Paulina

WhitehorseBeatysButte

Juniper

Interstate

SilverLake

Sprague

KlamathFalls

FortRock

Metolius

Pine Creek

E Biggs

Hood

13

General Deer Season Proposals

Season Bag Limit 2019 SeasonCoast Buck Rifle Buck, 2 pt+ Sept. 28 – Nov. 1

Cascade Buck Rifle Buck, 2 pt+ Sept. 28 – Oct. 11Oct. 19 – Nov. 1

Western General Bow Buck, 2 pt+ or One Deer Aug. 24 – Sept. 22

NW Late Deer Bow Buck, 2 pt+ or One Deer Nov. 16 – Dec. 8

SW Late Deer Bow Buck, 2 pt+ or One Deer Nov. 9 – Dec. 1

Eastern General Bow Buck w/Visible Antler Aug. 24 – Sept. 22

14

Controlled Deer Tag Proposals

Hunt Type2018 Tags

2019 Tags

% Change

Buck 51,472 50,626 -1.6%Bow/Muzzleloader 4,423 4,376 -1.1%Antlerless (600) 7,993 7,872 -1.5%Youth 1,196 1,243 3.9%Premium 67 67 0%Total Deer 65,151 64,184 -1.5%

2019 Hunt ChangesOne Day calendar shift for 2019Delete 619A Mill CreekDelete 624B East Tioga

15

Tiered approach for allocating Mule Deer LOP tagsTier 1: Population estimate > 80% of MO, 100 Series (Buck)

LOP mule deer issued based upon the acreage table in OAR (2-14 tags/property)

Tier 2: Population estimate 60%-79% of MO, LOP buck tags limited to five tags or 15% of the tags authorized for the public for each hunt, whichever is greater

Tier 3: Population estimate < 60% of MO, LOP buck tags limited to five tags or 10% of the tags authorized for the public for each hunt, whichever is greater

Exceptions: High % private land (143A E Biggs, 144 Columbia Basin,

167A NE Owyhee)

High % white-tailed deer in the harvest (154A, 154B)

Limited LOP Mule Deer Tags

16

Limited LOP Mule Deer Tags (cont.)• 4,896 Limited LOP buck tags for 2019 (-2%)• 13 Hunts changed tier

Hunt Status Change2018 LOP

Sold2019 LOP

Avail138 Grizzly Unit Tier 1 to Tier 2 124 160140 Maupin Tier 1 to Tier 2 13 66141B White River Tier 2 to Tier 3 46 165150 Desolation Tier 3 to Tier 2 9 148156 Wenaha Tier 2 to Tier 3 6 49156M N Wenaha - E Sled Springs Tier 2 to Tier 3 3 30156R1 Wenaha Tier 2 to Tier 3 0 27158 Chesnimnus Tier 2 to Tier 3 18 55166 Malheur River Tier 2 to Tier 3 114 121166M N Malheur River Tier 2 to Tier 3 3 5170A Beatys Butte Tier 2 to Tier 3 24 16176 Silver Lake Tier 2 to Tier 3 2 198176M Silver Lake - E Fort Rock Tier 2 to Tier 3 3 5 17

Mule Deer Population Monitoring

• 1,031 animals radio-collared ̶ Delineate herd ranges̶ Estimate annual adult female survival

• Over 650,000 Location Estimates

18

Mule Deer Population Monitoring (cont.)

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Jun2015

Jul2015

Aug2015

Sep2015

Oct2015

Nov2015

Dec2015

Jan2016

Feb2016

Mar2016

Apr2016

May2016

Adul

t Doe

Sur

viva

l

Month

Blue MtnsN Blue MtnsS Blue MtnsE Blue MtnsGrizzlyMauryOchocoSumpter

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Jun2016

Jul2016

Aug2016

Sep2016

Oct2016

Nov2016

Dec2016

Jan2017

Feb2017

Mar2017

Apr2017

May2017

Adul

t Doe

Sur

viva

l

Month

Blue Mtns N Blue MtnsS Blue Mtns E Blue MtnsGrizzly MauryOchoco Cath. CrKeating Lookout MtnPine Cr. Snake R.

19

Mule Deer Population Monitoring (cont.)

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%

Jun2017

Jul2017

Aug2017

Sep2017

Oct2017

Nov2017

Dec2017

Jan2018

Feb2018

Mar2018

Apr2018

May2018

Adul

t Doe

Sur

viva

l

Month

Blue Mtns N Blue Mtns S Blue Mtns E Blue Mtns

Grizzly Maury Ochoco Cath. Cr

Keating Lookout Mtn Pine Cr. Snake R.

20

020,00040,00060,00080,000

Popu

latio

n Si

ze

Year

Population MO

Elk Population StatusRoosevelt Elk

020,00040,00060,00080,000

Popu

latio

n Si

ze

Year

Population MO

Rocky Mountain Elk

21

≥100%

≤50%

51-75%

76-99%

% Of MO

Roosevelt Elk Population MOs

Elk De-Emphasis Area

Applegate

EvansCreek

Chetco

Dixon

Indigo

Santiam

McKenzie

Powers

Tioga

Siuslaw

Alsea

Stott Mt. Trask

Wilson

SaddleMt.

Scappoose

Metolius

FortRock

22

≥100%

≤50%

51-75%

76-99%

% Of MO

Rocky Mtn. Elk Population MOs

Elk De-Emphasis Area

SnakeRiver

Chesnimnus

SledSprings

Minam

WenahaWalla Walla

Mt. EmilyColumbiaBasinBiggs

Hood

MalheurRiver

BeulahLookout Mt.

Keating

Imnaha

Starkey

Desolation

Northside

MurdersCreek

Silvies

Ochoco

Maury

Grizzly

Paulina

Sumpter

WhitehorseBeatysButte

Juniper

Interstate

SilverLake

Sprague

KlamathFalls

FortRock

Pine Creek

23

General Elk Season ProposalsSeason Bag Limit 2019 SeasonCoast 1st Season One Bull Nov. 9 – Nov. 12

Coast 2nd SeasonOne Bull

Nov. 16 – Nov. 22One Spike Bull(Wilson, Trask, Siuslaw)

Cascade One Bull Oct. 12 – Oct. 18Rocky Mtn. 1st Season One Bull Oct. 23 – Oct. 27Columbia Basin

Extended SeasonOne Elk

One AntlerlessOct. 23 – Nov. 30Dec. 1 – Dec. 31

Rocky Mtn. 2nd SeasonOne Spike Bull

Nov. 2 – Nov. 10One Bull(Hood, Maupin, White R.,

W. Biggs)

General Bow Legal Bull Aug. 24 – Sept. 2224

2019 Controlled Hunt Changes

One Day calendar shift for 2019

Delete 224A Callahan & 224B Old Blue

Delete 253M Mount Harris

Starkey Experimental Forest: • Existing Bull hunt changing to Either Sex• Two New Antlerless Hunts

25

Hunt Type2018 Tags

2019 Tags

% Change

Bull / Either Sex 35,956 35,640 -0.9%Bow/Muzzleloader 9,255 8,957 -3.1%Antlerless 14,291 14,094 -1.4%Youth 1,264 1,273 -0.7%Premium 64 64 0.0%Total Elk 60,830 60,028 -1.3%

Controlled Elk Tag Proposals

26

2019 Western Gray Squirrel Seasons

1 Day Calendar shifts proposed for 2019• Western and South-central Oregon

Aug. 24 – Nov. 65/day, 15 in Possession

• Hood & White River UnitsSept. 7 – Oct. 133/day, 6 in Possession

• Portion of Rogue UnitJan. 1 – Dec. 31No Bag/Possession Limit

27

Bear and Cougar

28

• Harvest sustainable if median age of males >2 years, females >4 years, and all bears >3 years

• No indication of unsustainable take

Bear Population Monitoring

012345

Med

ian

Age L

Male Median Age

01234567

Med

ian

Age

Light Harvest (L)

0123456

Med

ian

Age

Median Age All Bears

L

Heavy Harvest (H)

Moderate Harvest (M)

MM

HH

Female Median Age

29

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%

% M

ales

5+

Light

Moderate

Heavy

Bear Population Monitoring Cont.Sex-age criteria to assess take level of black bears in Oregon. Criteria based on 3-year running averages

Criteria Light Moderate Heavy

% Males ≥5 yr old >35% 25–35% <25%

30

Bear Population Monitoring Cont.Sex-age criteria to assess take level of black bears in Oregon. Criteria based on 3-year running averages Criteria Light Moderate Heavy

% Females <30% 30–40% >40%

Light

Moderate

Heavy

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%

% F

emal

es

31

Spring Bear, 2019 Season Proposals

9,386 Spring Bear Tags • 4,986 Tags in 20 Controlled Hunts• 4,400 Tags in SW Oregon

Continue to Protect Cubs & Sows with CubsContinue Mandatory Check-in

Spring Bear

Year Estimated Harvest Teeth Check-In

Rate2015 577 533 92%2016 580 549 95%2017 607 545 90%2018 * 582 *

32

General Bear, 2019 Season ProposalsNo Change to General Season Dates

• Aug 1 – Dec 31 Western Oregon• Aug 1 – Nov 30 Eastern Oregon

Tag Sale Deadline September 27Maintain Season Structure

• 2 Bear Tag Opportunity• Protect Cubs & Sows with Cubs

Continue Mandatory Check-in

Fall General Season

Year Estimated Harvest Teeth Check-In

Rate2015 1,028 833 81%2016 1,003 825 82%2017 1,134 943 83% 33

General Bear Season Update

HB 2030 (2017) eliminated 3% limit on nonresident general season bear tagsHunt structure same for residents and nonresidentsGeneral Season Nonresident Tags • 2016 - 730 tags

• 2017 - 936 tags

• 2018 - 912 tags (as of Sept 5, 2018)Note: ~52,000 Resident General Bear Season Tags Sold Annually

34

ZONE EBLUE MOUNTAINS

Cougar Management Zones

ZONE ACOAST/

NORTH CASCADES

ZONE BSOUTHWEST CASCADES

ZONE CSOUTHEAST CASCADES

ZONE FSOUTHEAST

OREGON

ZONE DCOLUMBIA BASIN

35

Cougar Population MonitoringObjective 1: ODFW will manage for a stable cougar population that are to not to fall below 3,000 cougars statewide

Statewide Population Estimate of 6,643 in 2017

Zone A: Coast/N Cascades

Zone B: SW Cascades

Zone C: SE Cascades

Zone D: Columbia Basin

Zone E: Blue Mountains

Zone F: SE Oregon

36

Cougar Population Monitoring (cont.)• Three-year average proportion adult (3+ year old)

females in the total mortality ≤ 25-35%• No Cougar Zones exceed 35%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017

Prop

ortio

n Ad

ult F

emal

es

Year

Zone A Zone B Zone C Zone D Zone E Zone F

37

Cougar Population Monitoring (cont.)

Zone quotas (i.e. mortality caps) include all known cougar mortalities

When quotas are met, all harvest ceases for rest of calendar year, removals due to damage and conflict are still permitted

Quota

Total Mortality

Quota

Total Mortality

Zone 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017A Coast/North

Cascades 120 95 99 103 120 121 130 101 180 117 176 157

B SW Cascades 165 106 90 96 109 106 143 100 200 98 131 140C SE Cascades 65 25 25 20 15 24 21 17 80 25 42 43D Col. Basin 62 35 38 31 36 38 50 26 100 41 28 38E Blue Mts. 245 174 158 163 169 164 135 93 270 106 113 142F SE Oregon 120 57 63 69 57 77 52 45 140 42 54 51Total 777 492 473 482 506 530 531 383 970 427 544 571

38

39

Cougar, 2019 Season Proposals

Year-round Season

Two Cougar Tag Opportunity• September 27 Tag Sale Deadline for General Tag• No Deadline for Additional Cougar Tag

─ Must purchase first tag by deadline

Mandatory Check-in

Protect Kittens & Females with Kittens

40

Questions?

40

General Regulation Proposals

41

Department Owned Managed or Controlled Areas Not Listed in OAR Division 008:

• Proposing one addition to the “standard” rules for these areas

• 635-008-0200 (4) Open fires are prohibited from June 1 through October 31 except in designated areas. Open fires are prohibited during designated fire closures.

Area Regulations

42

Taxidermist Record Keeping Requirements:• 635-043-0003 (c) For game mammals and game

birds requiring tags, record the confirmation number of electronic tags, record the date (month/day/year) and time (hour/minute) of issuance of paper tags.

Taxidermy Regulations

43

Proposal similar to regulation for game birds:• 635-065-0735

It is unlawful:(2) To shoot game mammals from or with the help of any motorboat or sailboat unless the motor has been shut off and/or sail furled and movement caused by any motor or sail has stopped.

Hunting From a Boat

44

Electronic Devices on BowsCameras on bows not currently allowed

• Common request from hunters• No advantage for hunting effectiveness• Concern allowing cameras could lead to more

electronics allowed in the future

Proposed change• 635-065-0720 (7) Hunters shall not use any

electronic device(s) attached to bow or arrow except lighted arrow nocks ….. and cameras that have no other function (such as range-finding)are allowed.

45

Computerized ScopesScopes with internal rangefinders are not legal for hunting. Proposed clarification plus addendum

• 635-065-0745 It is unlawful: (4) To use an artificial light for hunting any wildlife, except raccoon, bobcat, and opossum provided the light is not cast from or attached to a motor vehicle. This includes laser sights or any other sights which project a beam to the target, including scopes with electronic rangefinders and scopes that receive information from a rangefinder or any electronic device. This does not include battery operated sights which only light the reticle.

46

Night Vision EquipmentNight vision technology generally uses infrared energy (heat), or amplifies low levels of available light

• Cost now varies from ~$50 to thousands• Legal for game mammals as long as not a sight

Proposed change• 635-065-0745

It is unlawful: (5) To hunt or locate or scout for the purpose of hunting any wildlife with infrared or any other "night vision" sight or equipment except trail cameras.

47

Regulation Simplification Proposals

48

Simplification

49

Regulation Simplification Process

• 3 Phased approach; Phase 2 culmination today

• Public outreach started April 2018

• Commission presentation/testimony June 2018

• Public meetings in July 2018

• Commission consideration September 2018

• Summary table of proposals – Attachment 4

50

#2 – SW Limited Spring Bear Hunt

IssuesSimplification opportunities:

• Exceptions add complication to the regulations• SW Limited Over-the-Counter Spring Bear Hunt is the only

“Limited” hunt

Management opportunities:• Was previously a controlled hunt• Tags sell out by mid-January, however <45% of tag holders

actually hunt

Proposal• Return SW Spring Bear to a controlled hunt consistent with all

other spring bear hunts

51

#12 to 20 - Weapon Restriction Proposals

Focus of proposals:• Easier to understand weapon restrictions

• Support efforts to recruit, retain and reactivate hunters

• Give hunters the opportunity to choose equipment based on performance and personal preference

• Allow hunters to tailor their setup to their individual requirements, abilities, and hunting situation

52

Weight of Big Game Mammals

SpeciesMale Weight

(pounds)Pronghorn 88-140

Cougar 117-220Mt. Goat 99-309

Deer 100-330Bighorn 128-315

Bear 200-500Elk 600-1100

53

#13 - Minimum Centerfire Caliber

Issues• Minimum .24 - bighorn sheep and mountain goat• Minimum .22 - bear, cougar, deer, and pronghorn• Similar sized species with different restrictions• Complexity to regulations• Lethal .22 options

Proposal• Reduce minimum to .22 centerfire for sheep and goat• Elk remain at .24 • Anticipate very little change in weapons used for these

species54

#13 - Western States Minimum Caliber

StateMin Centerfire

Caliber State Min Centerfire CaliberAlaska None Nevada .22

Arizona None New Mexico None

California None Utah None

Colorado .24 Washington .22 cougar, .24 all other

Idaho None Wyoming .22 pronghorn, deer.24 bear, elk, moose, sheep, goat

Montana None Oregon .22 pronghorn, deer, bear.24, elk, sheep, goat

55

#14 - Minimum Muzzleloader Caliber

Issues• Minimum .50 - bighorn sheep and mountain goat• Minimum .40 - bear, cougar, deer, and pronghorn• Similar sized species with different restrictions• Complexity to regulations• Lethal options below .50

Proposal• Reduce minimum to .40 for sheep and goat• Elk remain at .50 • Anticipate no change to weapons used for these species

56

#14 - Western States Minimum Caliber

StateMin Muzzleloader

Caliber StateMin Muzzleloader

CaliberAlaska .45 Nevada .45

Arizona None New Mexico None

California .40 Utah None

Colorado .40 deer, pronghorn, bear, sheep, goat.50 elk or moose, larger if round ball

Washington .40 deer, pronghorn, bear.50 elk, sheep, goat

Idaho .45 deer, pronghorn,cougar, wolf.50 elk, sheep, goat

Wyoming .40

Montana .45 Oregon .40 pronghorn, deer, bear.50 elk, sheep, goat

57

#15 to 17 – Muzzleloader Restrictions

Issues• One of the most commonly confused sections of regulations• Have some of the most complicated regulations in the

country• Regulate caliber, ignition type and source, powder type,

bullet type, size and material, material of patches and type of sights

Objective• Primitive, short-range weapon

Approach• Accomplish objective through the least regulation possible

58

#15 – Muzzleloader Ignition

Issues• “Open Ignition” confuses customers• Intent is to keep weapon primitive• Muzzleloaders are primitive – hand loading, single

shot, and other restrictions

Proposal• Eliminate requirement for open ignition

59

#16 – Muzzleloader Projectiles

Issues• Complex and confusing• Many bullets in Oregon stores are not legal• Intent is to limit the range by not allowing advanced

bullets• Limited options for non-lead hunting

Proposal• It is unlawful to hunt with or have in possession while

hunting, sabots, or bullets with plastic or synthetic parts

60

#17 – Muzzleloader Propellant

Issues• It is illegal to hunt with pelletized powders or propellants• Intent is to limit the range Range is limited by other regulations - no scopes, no centerfire

primer ignition and bullet restrictions Primary advantage of pelletized powder is when used with 209

primers and sabots which are illegal

Proposal• Eliminate requirement to use granulated powder

61

#18 – Mechanical Broadheads

• Oregon is one of two states that prohibit their use• Quality and performance has changed drastically since 1991• Oregon bowhunters have been requesting to use this tool• Department did not make a recommendation in June• Staff recommendation is to allow mechanical broadheads• Summary of justification for this recommendation

62

#18 – Mechanical Broadheads

• When compared to fixed blade broadheadsLarger cutting diameter, more lethal woundsLess drag in flight, increased arrow speedFlight performance closer to field point, increased accuracy

• Disadvantage, less penetration

• Hunters can mitigate with increased arrow weight and reduced shot distance

• Fixed broadheads generally recommended with low draw weight bows, however there are mechanical alternatives

• Considered ethical means of harvest by P&Y Club

63

#18 – Mechanical Broadheads

• Request for science to inform decision

• Only modern study we are aware of comparing the two broadheads

• “A Comparative Study on the Effectiveness of Fixed Blade and Mechanical Broadheads” – Journal of the SEAFWAControlled archery deer harvest at naval facility in MarylandBowhunters recovery rates with compound bowsoFixed blade – 82% (79.5-84.3)oMechanical – 88.8% (83.0-92.8)

Significantly less wounded animals with mechanical broadheads

64

#18 – Mechanical Broadheads

In absence of published studies rely on:

• Experience from other states

• Industry data on performance

• Professional judgement

65

#18 – Mechanical Broadheads

Table of other western states – legal or NotWestern State Legal Western State Legal

Alaska Yes Nevada Yes

Arizona Yes New Mexico Yes

California Yes Utah Yes

Colorado Yes Washington Yes

Idaho No Wyoming Yes

Montana Yes Oregon No

66

#18 – Mechanical Broadheads

• Peterson’s Bowhunting 2017 and 2018 broadhead tests

• Each year test 10-16 broadheads; alternate fixed and mechanical

• Relevant results comparing mechanical to fixed:53% increase in cutting diameter36% less drag 0.5” group vs. 1.75” group

67

#18 – Mechanical Broadheads

Broadhead Penetration (inches)

Fixed 1 16.33

Fixed 2 12.33

Mechanical 1 16.66

Mechanical 2 19.5

Mechanical 3 18.66

Hybrid 1 14

Hybrid 2 13.5

• Jon Syversen Penetration Test

• 70 pound bow, 30” draw, 3 trials

• Ballistics gel covered by cow hide

68

#18 – Mechanical Broadheads

Broadhead Penetration (inches)

Fixed 1 7.042

Fixed 2 6.083

Mechanical 1 7.083

Mechanical 2 7.833

Mechanical 3 6.167

Hybrid 1 5.042

Hybrid 2 5.833

• Jon Syversen Penetration Test

• 40 pound bow, 26” draw, 3 trials

• Ballistics gel covered by cow hide

69

#18 – Mechanical Broadheads

Conclusions:• Accuracy and lethality of archery equipment is

complicated and based on many variables

• Most important is shot placement, mechanical can be easier to shoot accurately

• Hunters need to select gear based on personal preference, equipment performance, individual abilities, species hunted, and the hunting situation

• Staff propose mechanical broadheads as a viable option for big game hunting in Oregon

70

#20 – Minimum Archery Draw Weight

Minimum Archery Draw Weight:

• 50 pound minimum draw weight for elk, sheep and goat; 40 for all other big game

• Different minimum draw weights complicate the regulations

• Barrier to entry for some youth and small framed hunters

• Restrictions adopted in 1955

• Speed of compound bows has more than doubled since 1955 however draw weight has stayed the same

• Oregon is an outlier among western states

71

#20 – Minimum Archery Draw Weight

State Min Draw (lbs.) State Min Draw (lbs.)

Alaska 40 deer, bear, sheep50 elk, goat

Nevada 40

Arizona 30, 40 for buffalo New Mexico None

California None Utah 30

Colorado 35 Washington 40

Idaho 40 Wyoming 40, 50 elk and moose

Montana None Oregon 40,50 elk, sheep, goat

72

73

Questions?