ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEBERHASILAN

PENGOBATAN TUBERKULOSIS DENGAN PENDEKATAN

HEALTH BELIEF MODEL DI KABUPATEN KUPANG

SKRIPSI

Oleh:

Fadila Dwi Rahmawati

NIM. 201510420311016

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN

FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2019

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ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEBERHASILAN

PENGOBATAN TUBERKULOSIS DENGAN PENDEKATAN

HEALTH BELIEF MODEL DI KABUPATEN KUPANG

SKRIPSI

Untuk Memenuhi Sebagai Persyaratan Mencapai Derajat Sarjana Keperawatan (S.Kep) Pada

Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatam Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Oleh:

Fadila Dwi Rahmawati

NIM. 201510420311016

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN

FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2019

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KATA PENGANTAR

Puji dan syukur saya panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, berkat rahmat dan

bimbinganNya saya dapat menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul “Analisis Faktor Yang

Mempengaruhi Keberhasilan Pengobatan Tuberkulosis Dengan Pendekatan Health Belief

Model di Kabupaten Kupang”. Skripsi ini merupakan salah satu syarat untuk

memperoleh gelar sarjana keperawatan (S.Kep) pada Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan

Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

Bersamaan ini perkenankanlah saya mengucapkan terimakasih yang sebesar-

besarnya dengan hati yang tulus kepada:

1. Bapak Faqih Ruhyanudin, M.Kep, Sp.Kep.MB selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu

Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang dan dosen penguji 1. Terima

kasih telah memberikan masukan dan saran dalam proses penyusunan skripsi ini.

2. Ibu Nurlailatul Masruroh, MNS selaku Ketua Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan

Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Terima kasih atas

masukan dan semua ilmu yang telah diberikan dan juga dedikasinya terhadap

ilmu keperawatan.

3. Ibu Nur Aini, S.Kep., Ns., M.Kep selaku Pembimbing 1. Terima kasih telah

membimbing dan mendukung saya untuk menyelesaikan skripsi ini.

4. Bapak Edi Purwanto, MNg selaku Pembiming 2. Terima kasih telah

membimbing dan mendukung saya untuk menyelesaikan skripsi ini.

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5. Ibu Titik Agustiyaningsih, S.Kep., Ns., M.Kep selaku dosen penguji 2. Terima

kasih telah memberikan masukan dan saran dalam proses penyusunan skripsi ini.

6. Kepala Puskesmas Oesao dan Puskesmas Tarus beserta Staff-nya. Terima kasih

atas ijin, sehingga saya dapat melakukan penelitian di Puskesmas Oesao dan

Puskesmas Tarus.

7. Responden di Kabupaten Kupang. Terima kasih atas waktu dan kesediaannya

untuk mengisi kuisoner yang saya berikan.

8. Kedua Orang Tua dan Keluarga. Terima kasih atas dukungan dan doa tanpa

henti untuk peneliti.

9. Kakak, Mba Pure, Inu, dan Team A. Terima kasih telah menjadi support system

untuk peneliti.

Dan semua pihak yang telah membantu penyelesaian skripsi ini. Mohon maaf atas

segala kesalahan dan ketidaksopanan yang mungkin telah saya perbuat. Semoga Allah

SWT senantiasa memudahkan setiap langkah-langkah kita menuju kebaikan dan selalu

menganugerahkan kasih sayang-Nya untuk kita semua. Amin.

Malang, 16 Mei 2019

Penulis

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DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ...................................................................................................... iii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN....................................................................................................... iv

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TULISAN ............................................................ v

KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................................... vi

ABSTRAK .................................................................................................................................. viii

DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................................. x

DAFTAR TABEL ..................................................................................................................... xiv

DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................................. xv

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN............................................................................................................. xvi

BAB I .............................................................................................................................................. 1

PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................................................... 5

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian .......................................................................................................... 5

1.3.1 Tujuan Umum....................................................................................................... 5

1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus...................................................................................................... 5

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................................................ 5

1.5 Keaslian Penelitian ....................................................................................................... 6

BAB II ........................................................................................................................................... 10

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ............................................................................................................ 10

2.1 Tuberkulosis ................................................................................................................ 10

2.1.1 Definisi Tuberkulosis ......................................................................................... 10

2.1.2 Patogenesis Tuberkulosis .................................................................................. 10

2.1.3 Klasifikasi Tuberkulosis .................................................................................... 11

2.1.4 Pengobatan Tuberkulosis .................................................................................. 13

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2.1.5 Strategi DOTS .................................................................................................... 17

2.1.6 Keberhasilan Pengobatan .................................................................................. 18

2.2 Health Belief Model ........................................................................................................ 19

2.2.1 Pengertian Health Belief Model ............................................................................ 19

2.2.2 Kerangka Teori Health Belief Model ................................................................... 20

2.2.3 Variabel Health Belief Model ................................................................................ 22

2.2.4 Hubungan Health Belief Model dengan Tuberkulosis ..................................... 28

2.2.5 Instrument Health Belief Model ........................................................................... 30

BAB III ......................................................................................................................................... 33

KERANGKA KONSEP DAN HIPOTESIS ....................................................................... 33

3.1 Kerangka Konsep ....................................................................................................... 33

3.2 Hipotesis ...................................................................................................................... 36

BAB IV ......................................................................................................................................... 37

METODE PENELITIAN ........................................................................................................ 37

4.1 Desain Penelitian ........................................................................................................ 37

4.2 Kerangka Penelitian.................................................................................................... 38

4.3 Populasi, Sampel dan Sampling ................................................................................ 39

4.3.1 Populasi ................................................................................................................ 39

4.3.2 Sampling .............................................................................................................. 39

4.3.3 Sampel .................................................................................................................. 40

4.4 Variabel Penelitian ...................................................................................................... 40

4.4.1 Variabel Independen .......................................................................................... 40

4.4.2 Variabel Dependen ............................................................................................ 40

4.5 Definisi Operasional .................................................................................................. 41

4.6 Tempat Penelitian ....................................................................................................... 42

4.7 Waktu Penelitian ......................................................................................................... 43

4.8 Instrumen Penelitian .................................................................................................. 43

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4.8.1 Kuisoner .............................................................................................................. 43

4.9 Uji Validitas dan Uji Reabilitas ................................................................................. 44

4.9.1 Uji Validitas ......................................................................................................... 44

4.9.2 Uji Reabilitas ....................................................................................................... 45

4.10 Prosedur Pengumpulan Data .................................................................................... 45

4.11 Analisa Data ................................................................................................................ 47

4.12 Etika Penelitian ........................................................................................................... 48

BAB V ........................................................................................................................................... 50

HASIL PENELITIAN DAN ANALISA DATA ................................................................. 50

5.1 Data Umum ................................................................................................................. 50

5.1.1 Distribusi Responden berdasarkan Karakteristik Usia ................................. 50

5.1.2 Distribusi Responden berdasarkan Karakteristik Jenis Kelamin, Pekerjaan

dan Pendidikan .................................................................................................................... 51

5.2 Data Khusus ................................................................................................................ 52

5.2.1 Gambaran Faktor Health Belief Model Dirasakan Penderita Tuberkulosis di

Kabupaten Kupang............................................................................................................. 52

5.2.2 Gambaran Keberhasilan Pengobatan Tuberkulosis di Kabupaten Kupang

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5.3 Pengujian Hubungan Faktor-Faktor Health Belief Model dengan Keberhasilan

Pengobatan Tuberkulosis ....................................................................................................... 53

5.3.1 Hubungan Faktor Health Belief Model Yang Dirasakan dengan

Keberhasilan Pengobatan Tuberkulosis di Kabupaten Kupang .................................. 53

5.4 Faktor yang Paling Dominan yang Mempengaruhi Keberhasilan Pengobatan

Tuberkulosis ............................................................................................................................. 55

BAB VI ......................................................................................................................................... 56

PEMBAHASAN ......................................................................................................................... 56

6.1 Gambaran Keberhasilan Pengobatan Tuberkulosis di Kabupaten Kupang ...... 56

6.2 Hubungan Faktor-faktor Health Belief Model dengan Keberhasilan Pengobatan

Tuberkulosis di Kabupaten Kupang .................................................................................... 58

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6.3 Faktor yang paling mempengaruhi Keberhasilan Pengobatan............................. 67

6.4 Keterbatasan Penelitian ............................................................................................. 68

6.5 Implikasi Keperawatan .............................................................................................. 69

BAB VII ....................................................................................................................................... 71

PENUTUP ................................................................................................................................... 71

7.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................................................. 71

7.2 Saran ............................................................................................................................. 72

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................................ 73

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DAFTAR TABEL

TABEL 4. 1 DEFINISI OPERASIONAL ......................................................................................... 41

TABEL 5. 1 DISTRIBUSI RESPONDEN BERDASARKAN KARAKTERISTIK USIA ..................... 50

TABEL 5. 2 DISTRIBUSI KEBERHASILAN PENGOBATAN BERDASARKAN KARAKTERISTIK

RESPONDEN ......................................................................................................................... 51

TABEL 5. 3 GAMBARAN FAKTOR HBM YANG DIRASAKAN PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS DI

KABUPATEN KUPANG PADA BULAN FEBRUARI 2019 ................................................... 52

TABEL 5. 4 GAMBARAN KEBERHASILAN PENGOBATAN TUBERKULOSIS DI KABUPATEN

KUPANG TAHUN 2018 ........................................................................................................ 52

TABEL 5. 5 TABULASI SILANG FAKTOR HBM DENGAN KEBERHASILAN PENGOBATAN

TUBERKULOSIS DI KABUPATEN KUPANG BULAN FEBRUARI 2019 ............................. 53

TABEL 5. 6 RINGKASAN UJI CHI-SQUARE TEST FAKTOR HLBM DENGAN KEBERHASILAN

PENGOBATAN TUBERKULOSIS DI KABUPATEN KUPANG BULAN FEBRUARI 2019... 54

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

GAMBAR 2.1 KERANGKA TEORI HBM .................................................................................... 21

GAMBAR 3. 1 KERANGKA KONSEP ........................................................................................... 34

GAMBAR 4. 1 KERANGKA PENELITIAN .................................................................................... 38

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

LAMPIRAN 1 CHAMPION HEALTH BELIEF MODEL SCALE (CHBMS) ................................ 79

LAMPIRAN 2 KUISONER HEALTH BELIEF MODEL ................................................................. 82

LAMPIRAN 3 SURAT IJIN STUDI PENDAHULUAN ..................................................................... 87

LAMPIRAN 4 SURAT IJIN PENELITIAN ...................................................................................... 89

LAMPIRAN 5 SURAT SELESAI PENELITIAN ............................................................................... 91

LAMPIRAN 6 UJI VALIDITAS ....................................................................................................... 93

LAMPIRAN 7 UJI REABILITAS ..................................................................................................... 95

LAMPIRAN 8 HASIL UJI CHI SQUARE ........................................................................................ 96

LAMPIRAN 9 HASIL UJI REGRESI LOGISTIK GANDA ............................................................103

LAMPIRAN 10 DOKUMENTASI .................................................................................................104

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