2011 International Wind Diesel Conference Electric Vehicles in SmartGrids Jito Coleman TDX Power

2011 International Wind Diesel Conference

Electric Vehicles in SmartGrids

Jito Coleman

TDX Power

3/8/11


WHY EV?

• Efficient transportation• Renewables displace fuel• Good for SmartGrids

– Dispatchable Load– Electrical Storage

• EVs are comings– Light duty cars and trucks– 4 wheelers– Snowmobiles ?

3/8/11


EV Mileage 20 KWH Battery 70 mile range: 2/10 kW Charger

EV or PHEV - Light Duty Fleet - 3.5 miles / kwhDiesel Genset - 12-15 kwh / gallon

EV equivalent mileage

40 - 50 mpg

Vehicle Mileage

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

STANDARD EV OR PHEV

mpg

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Electric 4-Wheelers

Wheels Miles Lbs TypeMfgr Vehicle Type Drive Range Weight Battery Volts

miles lbs

Doran e-ATV ATV 2 35 540 Flooded 36EVS e.Force ATV Rear 20 624 NiMH 72Zap Dude ATV Rear 25 707 AGM 48Barefoot EUV ATV 2 or 4 40 820 Lithium 80

Ruff& Tuff RTEV UTV 2 30 1330 AGM 48X-Treme XU-3000 UTV 2 35 1360 AGM 48GEM eL XD NEV 2 40 1550 AGM 72Bad Boy Buggy UTV 4 25 1600 AGM 48Polaris Ranger UTV 4 50 1700 Flooded 48

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Electric 4 Wheeler on St. Paul

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EV Battery Needs

• Opportunistic Charging– Slow charging immediately after use– Key to battery life

• Dual Rate Charging High - 240 V 2 hoursSlow - 120 V 12 hours

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EV Value in SmartGrids

• Dispatchable Load• Energy Storage

Stability - Seconds

Spinning Reserve - Minutes

Load Shifting - Hours

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Dispatchable Load Value

• EPRI: 75% battery value for SmartGrids is as dispatchable load.

Requires• Standard on-board vehicle chargers• Controlled charger sites

– Communicationsor– Frequency Control at site

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Electrical Storage

• Stability and Spinning Reserve – Bi-Directional Charger (Not Main stream)– Remote control – Battery life issues– Secondary

• Number of EV’s plugged in• State of battery charge• User preferences

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Electrical Storage

Kempton et al U of Delaware

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Electrical Storage

• Load Shifting – Bi-directional charger– 50% of value as dispatchable load– Bigger battery life issue– Smaller value proposition– Bigger social issue

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Questions for Isolated Grids

• Can they leverage higher renewable contribution?

• How will they compare to batteries, flywheels, ultra caps ?

• Is there financial leverage?

• What impact from social issues?

Documents

2011 International Wind Diesel Conference Electric Vehicles in SmartGrids Jito Coleman TDX Power