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Shale ReservoirsSimilar, yet so different
2010 3D Seismic Symposium
from: Canadian NEB/Murray Roth
Geography of Talks - 16th Annual 3-D Seismic Symposium - Tuesday March 16th, 20101) Shale Plays Overview: Murray Roth2) Williston Basin - Depth Imaging Workflow: Chris Besler & Greg Johnson3) Eagle Ford Shale: Galen Treadgold & Steve Sinclair4) Marcellus Shale: Jim Morris5) Woodford Shale: Richard Parkes6) Haynesville Shale: Pete Smith7) World: Bob Peebler8) Southern Uinta Dakota: Bill Keach9) Piceance Basin - Winter Acquisition: Mary Sue Purcell & DeWitt Morris10) Eagle Sandstone -Tiger Ridge Field Montana: Tanya Inks11) Tensleep Fractures - Teapot Dome: Doug Klepacki12) Montney Shale - BC Canada: B.K. Torry & Kurt Wikel
12
10
4
3
2
71
98
6
5
11
Geography of Talks - 16th Annual 3-D Seismic SymposiumTuesday March 16th, 2010
Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists & Denver Geophysical Society
Total Gas/Producible
Source: NEB
Transform proprietary information
World’s Largest Gas Fields
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North American Gas
Restricted AccessRussian/FSUOther International
Source: EIA
Nova ScotiaEarly MississippianHorton Bluff Shale
Northeast British ColumbiaMiddle DevonianHorn River Shale
Louisiana, east TexasLate JurassicHaynesville/Bossier Sh
Colorado, UtahEoceneGreen River Shale
Paradox Basin, Colorado, UtahPennsylvanianGothic Shale
Northeast British ColumbiaEarly JurassicGordondale Shale
Williston Basin, MontanaLate CretaceousGammon Shale
New Brunswick, Nova ScotiaMississippianFrederick Brook Shale
Black Warrior Basin, Alabama, MissLate MississippianFloyd/Neal Shale
West central Alberta, northeast BCJurassicFernie Shale
Arkoma Basin, ArkansasMississippianFayetteville Shale
Alberta, northeast British ColumbiaDevonian-MississippianExshaw Shale
Kansas, OklahomaPennsylvanianExcello Shale
Michigan Basin, MichiganLate DevonianEllsworth Shale
Maverick Basin, TexasLate CretaceousEagleford Shale
West central AlbertaLate DevonianDuvernay Shale
Western New YorkUpper DevonianDunkirk Shale
Black Warrior Basin, AlabamaMiddle CambrianConasauga Shale
Central Alberta, SaskatchewanCretaceousColorado Shale
MontanaCretaceousCody Shale
Eastern KentuckyEarly SilurianClinton Shale
Eastern KentuckyDevonianCleveland Shale
Paradox Basin, Colorado, UtahPennsylvanianChimney Rock Shale
Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Tennessee
Late DevonianChattanooga Shale
Arkoma Basin, OklahomaMississippianCaney Shale
Paradox Basin, UtahPennsylvanianCane Creek Shale
Palo Duro Basin, TexasPennsylvanianBend Shale
Fort Worth and Permian, TexasMississippianBarnett Shale
Vermillion Basin, Colorado, WyomingLate CretaceousBaxter Shale
Michigan Basin, MichiganLate DevonianAntrim Shale
LOCATIONPERIODFORMATION
Oklahoma, TexasLate Dev-Early MissWoodford Shale
West central Alberta, northeast British Columbia
Early CretaceousWilrich/Buckinghorse/ Garbutt/Moosebar
New York, QuebecOrdovicianUtica Shale
Appalachian BasinMississippianSunbury Shale
Southern AlbertaLate CretaceousSecond White Speckled
Appalachian BasinDevonianRhinestreet Shale
New YorkOrdovicianQueenston Shale
West central Alberta, northeast BJurassicPoker Chip Shale
Raton Basin, ColoradoCretaceousPierre Shale
West TexasDevonian-MissPercha Shale
Maverick Basin, TexasCretaceousPearsall Shale
East Kentucky, Ohio, West VirginiaDevonianOhio Shale
Alberta, northeast British ColumbiaLate JurassicNordegg/Gordondale Sh
Denver Basin, ColoradoLate CretaceousNiobrara Shale
Illinois Basin, Illinois, IndianaDevonian-Mississippian
New Albany Shale
Northeast British ColumbiaLate DevonianMuskwa Shale
Bighorn and Powder River, WyomingCretaceousMowry Shale
Arkoma Basin, ArkansasMississippianMoorefield Shale
Alberta, northeast British ColumbiaTriassicMontney-Doig Shale
Santa Maria Basin, CaliforniaMioceneMonterey Shale
San Joaquin Basin, CaliforniaMioceneMcClure Shale
New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, WVDevonianMarcellus Shale
Central UtahMississippianManning Canyon Shale
San Juan Basin, New Mexico, UintaBasin, Utah
CretaceousMancos Shale
Colorado, New MexicoLate CretaceousLewis Shale
Northeast British ColumbiaMiddle DevonianKlua/Evie Shale
Part of Ohio Shale; east Kentucky, Ohio, Virginia, West Virginia
DevonianHuron Shale
Paradox Basin, Colorado, UtahPennsylvanianHovenweep Shale
LOCATIONPERIODFORMATION
57 US/Canadian Shales – marcellus-shale.us
Economics vs Resources vs Maturity
UBS 2008
Eagle Ford
Oklahoma, TexasLate Devonian-Early Mississippian
Woodford Shale
North Dakota, Montana, Saskatchewan
Upper DevonianWilliston/BakkenShale (Oil)
New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia
DevonianMarcellus Shale
Northeast British ColumbiaMiddle DevonianHorn River Shale
Louisiana, east TexasLate JurassicHaynesville/Bossier Shale
Maverick Basin, TexasLate CretaceousEagleford Shale
Fort Worth and Permian basins, Texas
MississippianBarnett Shale
LOCATIONPERIODFORMATION
7 US/Canadian “Shales” for Today
marcellus-shale.us
Barnett
Barnett Map
Max Stress
Barnett Setting
Source: USGS
BarnettStratigraphy
Source: USGS
BarnettDetails
35Adsorbed Gas (%)
45Clay Content (%)
0.526Pressure Gradient (psi/ft)
250Matrix Permeability (nD)
6Porosity (%)
4.5TOC (%)
2Ro
200Temperature (F)
4000Pressure (psi)
2.65Average EUR
2.8Hor Well Cost ($M)
300Thickness (feet)
7500Depth (feet)
50Producable Gas (tcf)
150GIP (bcf/sq mi)
327Total Gas (tcf)
50000Total Area Size (sq mi)
Siliceous MudstoneLithology
MississippianGeologic Age
300’
Courtesy: Devon
Well Crossplot/Analysis
Courtesy: Devon
Eagle Ford
Eagle Ford Map
Dry Gas
Oil
Eagle Ford Setting
Source: Wilcox Exploration
Source: USGS
Eagle FordStratigraphy
Eagle FordDetails
20
8
0.65
1100
11
4.5
1.5
335
5200
5.5
4.8
250
11500
9
200
84
1350
bituminous shales
Cretaceous
Adsorbed Gas (%)
Clay Content (%)
Pressure Gradient (psi/ft)
Matrix Permeability (nD)
Porosity (%)
TOC (%)
Ro
Temperature (F)
Pressure (psi)
Average EUR
Hor Well Cost ($M)
Thickness (feet)
Depth (feet)
Producable Gas (tcf)
GIP (bcf/sq mi)
Total Gas (tcf)
Total Area Size (sq mi)
Lithology
Geologic Age
250’
Source: USGS
Haynesville
Haynesville Map
Haynesville Setting
Source: USGS
Source: USGS
HaynesvilleStratigraphy
HaynesvilleDetails
18
27
0.95
658
10
3
2.2
340
8500
6.5
7.0
225
12000
251
175
717
9000
Argillaceous/Calcareous
Upper Jurassic
Adsorbed Gas (%)
Clay Content (%)
Pressure Gradient (psi/ft)
Matrix Permeability (nD)
Porosity (%)
TOC (%)
Ro
Temperature (F)
Pressure (psi)
Average EUR
Hor Well Cost ($M)
Thickness (feet)
Depth (feet)
Producable Gas (tcf)
GIP (bcf/sq mi)
Total Gas (tcf)
Total Area Size (sq mi)
Lithology
Geologic Age
200’
Horn River
Horn River Map
Horn River Setting
Horn RiverStratigraphy
Source: GSC/NEB of Canada
Horn RiverDetails
34
30
0.6
230
3
3
2.5
160
4800
7.5
7.0
450
8800
47
250
370
5000
Brittle Shale
Upper Devonian
Adsorbed Gas (%)
Clay Content (%)
Pressure Gradient (psi/ft)
Matrix Permeability (nD)
Porosity (%)
TOC (%)
Ro
Temperature (F)
Pressure (psi)
Average EUR
Hor Well Cost ($M)
Thickness (feet)
Depth (feet)
Producable Gas (tcf)
GIP (bcf/sq mi)
Total Gas (tcf)
Total Area Size (sq mi)
Lithology
Geologic Age
200’
75’
Source: BC Ministry of Energy
Marcellus
Marcellus MapSource: DOE
Marcellus
Source: Cabot Presentation
Marcellus Map
Marcellus Setting
Source: USGS
MarcellusStratigraphy
MarcellusDetails
50
50
0.4
1000
8
3.25
1.25
130
4000
3.75
3.5
350
7000
356
200
1500
95000
Argillaceous Mudstone
Middle Devonian
Adsorbed Gas (%)
Clay Content (%)
Pressure Gradient (psi/ft)
Matrix Permeability (nD)
Porosity (%)
TOC (%)
Ro
Temperature (F)
Pressure (psi)
Average EUR
Hor Well Cost ($M)
Thickness (feet)
Depth (feet)
Producable Gas (tcf)
GIP (bcf/sq mi)
Total Gas (tcf)
Total Area Size (sq mi)
Lithology
Geologic Age
300’
Source: WVGES
Marcellus Well Log Crossplot
Source: WVGS
Woodford
Woodford Map
Source: Oklahoma Geologic Society
Woodford Setting
Source: Kuykendall and Fritz
WoodfordStratigraphy
Source: Oklahoma Geologic Society
46
30
0.7
500
6
7
1.5
145
3267
3.8
5
180
8000
11.4
70
23
11000
Black shale
Upper Devonian
Adsorbed Gas (%)
Clay Content (%)
Pressure Gradient (psi/ft)
Matrix Permeability (nD)
Porosity (%)
TOC (%)
Ro
Temperature (F)
Pressure (psi)
Average EUR
Hor Well Cost ($M)
Thickness (feet)
Depth (feet)
Producable Gas (tcf)
GIP (bcf/sq mi)
Total Gas (tcf)
Total Area Size (sq mi)
Lithology
Geologic Age
WoodfordDetails
150’
Source: Newfield Presentation
Williston/Bakken
Sanish/Parshall
Williston/Bakken Map
Source: USGS
Williston/Bakken Setting
Source: USGS
Sanish
Williston/Bakken Stratigraphy
Source: AAPG
Williston/BakkenDetails
0
5
0.5
10000
5
10
0.9
140
5600
1.414827391
5.5
150
10000
20.65647991
28.29654782
945.1046972
200000
Sandstone/Siltstone/Carb
Upper Dev/Lower Miss
Adsorbed Gas (%)
Clay Content (%)
Pressure Gradient (psi/ft)
Matrix Permeability (nD)
Porosity (%)
TOC (%)
Ro
Temperature (F)
Pressure (psi)
Average EUR
Hor Well Cost ($M)
Thickness (feet)
Depth (feet)
Producable Gas (tcf)
GIP (bcf/sq mi)
Total Gas (tcf)
Total Area Size (sq mi)
Lithology
Geologic Age
8200
8300
MiddleBakken
U Bkkn Shale
Lodgepole
L Bkkn Shale
Sanish
8200
8300
8250
8150
GR RES GR DEN
120’
Source: Anon
Horizontal Well Microseismic
Stimulated Reservoir Volume
Shale Comparisons
Gas in Place per Section
Source: NEB
GIP Rank by BasinMarcellusEagle FordHaynesvilleHorn RiverBarnettUticaWoodfordBakken
Well Depth by Basin
MarcellusEagle FordHaynesvilleHorn RiverBarnettUticaWoodfordBakken
Thickness by Basin
MarcellusEagle FordHaynesvilleHorn RiverBarnettUticaWoodfordBakken
Geologic Age by BasinMarcellusEagle FordHaynesvilleHorn RiverBarnettUticaWoodfordBakken
Shale Crossplots
GIP versus Zone Thickness0.842
MarcellusEagle FordHaynesvilleHorn RiverBarnettUticaWoodfordBakken
Well Measurements
GIP versus TOC-0.349 Marcellus
Eagle FordHaynesvilleHorn RiverBarnettUticaWoodford
GIP versus Porosity0.637
MarcellusEagle FordHaynesvilleHorn RiverBarnettUticaWoodford
GIP versus Permeability0.679
MarcellusEagle FordHaynesvilleHorn RiverBarnettUticaWoodford
GIP versus Temperature0.562
MarcellusEagle FordHaynesvilleHorn RiverBarnettUticaWoodford
GIP versus Ro0.404
MarcellusEagle FordHaynesvilleHorn RiverBarnettUticaWoodfordBakken
GIP versus Pressure Gradient0.312
MarcellusEagle FordHaynesvilleHorn RiverBarnettUticaWoodford
GIP versus Adsorbed Gas-0.435
MarcellusEagle FordHaynesvilleHorn RiverBarnettUticaWoodford
GIP versus Silica/Calcite/Carb-0.229 Marcellus
Eagle FordHaynesvilleHorn RiverBarnettUticaWoodford
What matters most…
-.435Adsorbed Gas
.404Vitrinite Reflectance
.562Temperature
.637Porosity
.679Permeability
.842Thickness
CorrelationProperty
Similar…• Most shale basins fall in the Devonian-
Mississippian fairway• Economic shale reservoirs range between
150-450 feet• Devonian-Mississippian shale reservoir
wells average 7000-10,000’• Commercial shale basins generally range
between 0.2 and 1.1 microD• Shale plays are generally gas-focused• Shale plays generally have a single
economic target
Yet so different…• Some of the best shale gas basins are Mesozoic
and lie on the younger side of major thrust belts (Eagle Ford, Haynesville)
• Some of the best shale gas basins have deeper well depths of 10,000-13,000’ (Eagle Ford, Haynesville)
• Increasingly, shale plays are being developed as joint gas/oil assets (Barnett, Eagle Ford)
• Shale plays range from relatively flat with minimal faulting (Haynesville) to highly faulted and structural (Woodford, Marcellus, Eagle Ford) to other features like karst collapse chimneys (Barnett)
• Some shale plays have multiple, adjacent levels economic for development (Bakken)
• Differences in thickness, permeability and porosity drive gas-in-place differences between shale gas plays
Acknowledgements• Huge thanks to anonymous data donors
and bp, Devon, CGGVeritas and Global Geophysical Services
• Many sources were used for data in this study, including USGS, NEB, GSC, BC-EM, WVGS, Hart’s Unconventional Gas Center, American Oil and Gas Reporter, Oil and Gas Journal, and more
• Thanks to Michael Roth and Transform Software and Services
• Electronic version of abstract available on www.transformsw.com
• Contact me for a list of references or questions: [email protected]