2008 JC2 H2 GEOGRAPHY: RAFFFLES JUNIOR COLLEGE PRELIMINARY ... · PDF file2008 jc2 h2 geography: rafffles junior college preliminary exams physical geography figure 1 for question

2008 JC2 H2 GEOGRAPHY: RAFFFLES JUNIOR COLLEGE PRELIMINARY EXAMS

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

Figure 1 for Question 1








Lithospheric Processes, Hazards and Management

1. Figure 1 shows the major tectonic features of Central America.

(a) Describe the distribution of volcanic activity in Central America as shown in the figure. [4]

(b) Explain the formation of two landforms at destructive plate margins shown in the figure. [8]

Atmospheric Processes, Hazards and Management

2. Figure 2 shows the changes in the global temperature since 160,000 years ago to the present.

(a) Briefly describe the global temperature changes as shown in the figure. [4]

(b) Explain what might have caused these changes. [8]

Hydrologic Processes, Hazards and Management

3. (a) With reference to Figure 3, describe the relationship between sediment yield (the amount of

material eroded from the land surface by runoff and delivered to a stream system) and

precipitation. [2]

(b) Account for the relationship you have described in (a). [4]

(c) Describe the other factors affecting sediment yield. [6]

Lithospheric and Atmospheric Processes, Hazards and Management

4. Figure 4 shows the sequence of drainage development in a region of insoluble rock and a karst

region.

(a) Describe how drainage development in the two regions differs as shown in the figure. [4]

(b) With aid of diagram(s), illustrate how drainage development might have occurred in the

karst region as shown in Figure 4. [10]


Lithospheric Processes, Hazards and Management

EITHER

5. (a) Explain the differences between chemical weathering and physical weathering. [9]

(b) How true is it that weathering is mainly physical in dry climates and mainly chemical in wet

climates? [16]

OR

(a) Briefly define the term “mass movement” as applied to slopes. [9]

(b) Describe the landforms commonly found in regions of granite and briefly explain how they

have been formed. [16]

Atmospheric Processes, Hazards and Management

EITHER

6. (a) Briefly describe what is meant by the heat balance of the earth. [9]

(b) Describe and briefly explain two differences between the weather experienced in urban

areas and the weather experienced in surrounding areas. [16]

OR

(a) With the aid of a diagram, describe and explain the main features of a tropical cyclone. [9]

(b) With the aid of diagram(s), illustrate the changes in the atmospheric and oceanic circulations

during an El Nino event. Briefly describe the consequences of such changes. [16]

Hydrologic Processes, Hazards and Management

EITHER

7. (a) With the aid of a clear annotated diagram, describe the main features of a storm hydrograph

(river hydrograph). [9]

(b) Discuss the suggestion that major flooding events are almost always a response to human

actions within drainage basins. [16]

OR

(a) Describe and explain the actual processes of erosion occurring in

(i) river channels in alluvium, and

(ii) river channels in solid rock. [9]

(b) Show how the processes of erosion and deposition are related to the formation of

(i) meandering channels, and

(ii) braided channels. [16]


HUMAN GEOGRAPHY


Job losses from transnational companies in north east England, 1998



Immigration arrivals and departures for New Zealand, 2000


Figures 3A, 3B and 3C for Question 3

Three possible stages in development of a country or island



CBD of a small town in United Kingdom


The Globalisation of Economic Activities

1. Figure 1 depicts information about job losses from transnational companies (TNCs) in north east

England in 1998.

(a) State two main characteristics of transnational companies. [2]

(b) Figure 1 shows many TNCs located in a peripheral region of England. Why would many

companies choose to locate in the periphery of a country? [5]

(c) Outline the impacts of wide-scale retrenchment from the manufacturing sector. [5]

Population Issues and Challenges

2. Figure 2 shows the flows of in-migration and out-migration for New Zealand in the year 2000.

(For example, 10,580 Australians migrated to New Zealand, whereas 38,250 New Zealanders

migrated to Australia for that year).

(a) Suggest some possible reasons why New Zealanders are migrating overseas. [6]

(b) With reference to examples, explain how high levels of in- and out-migration can affect a

country negatively. [6]

Urban Issues and Challenges

3. Figures 3A, 3B and 3C represent three possible stages in the economic and urban development

of a country or island.

(a) Suggest reasons why,

(i) in Fig 3A all initial development occurs within the core [2]

(ii) in Fig 3C this original core is losing dominance [4]

(b) With reference to one country or city, describe attempts by the authorities at spreading

development into areas beyond the core. [6]

The Globalisation of Economic Activity / Urban Issues and Challenges

4. Figure 4 shows a sketch diagram of the CBD of a small town in United Kingdom.

(a) Describe and suggest reasons for changes from X to Y in the following features,

(i) building height

(ii) business type [4]

(b) Describe how you would conduct a survey on pedestrian count for the purpose of

delineating the CBD. [5]

(c) Explain how economic globalisation can reshape and change the CBD of cities. [5]


The Globalisation of Economic Activity

EITHER

5. (a) Compare the service sectors operating in DCs, LDCs and NIEs. [9]

(b) Assess the extent to which low cost labour is the most important factor in the location of

TNCs. [16]

OR

(a) Differentiate between deskilling and re-skilling. Describe attempts to counter the economic

impacts of offshoring of jobs from DCs. [9]

(b) Assess the impacts of supranational bodies on LDCs. [16]

Population Issues and Challenges

EITHER

6. (a) Identify the factors which may help explain how epidemics and infectious diseases may affect

countries differently. [9]

(b) ‘Capitalism is the best form of contraception.’ To what extent do you agree that economic

growth is the most important factor in reducing fertility rates in a country. [16]

OR

(a) Discuss the usefulness of the population pyramid in understanding a country’s population

structure. [9]

(b) Evaluate the success of government policies in countering an ageing population. [16]

Urban Issues and Challenges

EITHER

7. (a) With reference to one or more located examples, discuss how the bid rent concept is of

limited use in explaining landuse patterns in the city. [9]

(b) Using one or more cities you have studied, evaluate the process of re-imaging the city. [16]

OR

(a) With reference to one or more cities, discuss the factors causing socio-economic segregation

within urban areas. [9]

(b) To what extent do you agree that urban transport problems are highly-correlated to the

economic development of the city. [16]

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2008 JC2 H2 GEOGRAPHY: RAFFFLES JUNIOR COLLEGE PRELIMINARY ... · PDF file2008 jc2 h2 geography: rafffles junior college preliminary exams physical geography figure 1 for question