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2006 Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L. Powell Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA Beltsville, MD 20705-2350 [email protected] 301-504- 8334

2006 Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L

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Page 1: 2006 Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L

2006Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1)

Is There a Need forDifferent Genetics inDairy Grazing Systems?

H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L. Powell

Animal Improvement Programs LaboratoryAgricultural Research Service, USDABeltsville, MD 20705-2350

[email protected] 301-504-8334

Page 2: 2006 Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L

What genetic programs work well for U.S. graziers?

2006Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (2)

Page 3: 2006 Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L

Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (3) 2006

Grazier breeding

Objective

– Cattle with better fertility or other desired characteristics

Approaches (occasional use)

– Bulls from countries that practice grazing

– Bull breed different from cow breed to capitalize on heterosis

– Effectiveness in grazing herds?

Page 4: 2006 Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L

Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (4) 2006

Phenotypic trend in days open

100

120

140

160

65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00

Year

Day

s open

12345

Lactation

Page 5: 2006 Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L

Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (5) 2006

Comparison study

Daughter performance within herd

– New Zealand AI Holstein/Friesian bulls

– Other AI Holstein bulls (predominantly U.S.)

Cows included

– Records in AIPL national database

– Calved (1st parity) before May 2005

– Time to express the performance traits

Page 6: 2006 Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L

Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (6) 2006

Traits examined

–Milk, fat, protein

–Somatic cell score

–Days open

–Conformation traits

Page 7: 2006 Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L

Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (7) 2006

Yield and SCS data

First-lactation daughters (159 herds)– 552 sired by 26 New Zealand bulls– 6266 sired by 1119 U.S. bulls

Second-lactation daughters (136 herds)– 394 sired by 19 New Zealand bulls– 5212 sired by 1464 U.S. bulls

Third-lactation daughters (90 herds) – 213 sired by 14 New Zealand bulls– 3170 sired by 1036 U.S. bulls

Page 8: 2006 Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L

Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (8) 2006

Yield results

Milk U.S. daughter superiority– First lactation 1060 lb***– Second lactation 1261 lb***– Third lactation 1056 lb***

Fat New Zealand daughter advantage– First lactation 2 lb– Second lactation 2 lb– Third lactation 7 lb

Protein U.S. daughter superiority/advantage– First lactation 11 lb**– Second lactation 15 lb*** – Third lactation 11 lb

Page 9: 2006 Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L

Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (9) 2006

Economic value

Current U.S. milk prices

MFP$ = 0.016 milk + 1.50 fat + 1.95 protein

U.S. daughter MFP$ advantage– First lactation $35.41– Second lactation $46.43– Third lactation $27.85

Page 10: 2006 Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L

Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (10) 2006

SCS results

First lactationU.S. daughter superiority of 0.22***

Second lactationU.S. daughter advantage of 0.10

Third lactationU.S. daughter advantage of 0.06

Page 11: 2006 Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L

Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (11) 2006

Days open data

First-lactation daughters (148 herds)– 513 sired by 25 New Zealand bulls– 5823 sired by 1078 U.S. bulls

Second-lactation daughters (122 herds)– 357 sired by 19 New Zealand bulls– 4663 sired by 1338 U.S. bulls

Third-lactation daughters (79 herds) – 183 sired by 14 New Zealand bulls– 2767 sired by 931 U.S. bulls

Page 12: 2006 Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L

Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (12) 2006

Days open results

First lactationNew Zealand daughter superiority of 7 days*

Second lactationNew Zealand daughter superiority of 8 days*

Third lactationNew Zealand daughter advantage of 2 days

Page 13: 2006 Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L

Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (13) 2006

Type data

First-lactation daughters

– 79 sired by New Zealand bulls

– 308 sired by U.S. bulls

Page 14: 2006 Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L

Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (14) 2006

Type results

Final scoreU.S. daughters higher by 1.6 points*

StatureU.S. daughters taller, by 2.3 points*

Rear udder heightU.S. daughter superior by 2.6 points*

Udder depthU.S. daughter superior by 3.2 points**

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Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (15) 2006

Yield results from spring calvers Milk U.S. daughter superiority– First lactation 774 lb***– Second lactation 1186 lb***– Third lactation 1642 lb***

Fat New Zealand daughter advantage– First lactation 7 lb– Second lactation 4 lb– Third lactation 13 lb

Protein U.S. daughter superiority/advantage– First lactation 9 lb– Second lactation 18 lb* – Third lactation 29 lb**

Page 16: 2006 Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L

Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (16) 2006

SCS results for spring calvers First lactation

U.S. daughter superiority of 0.24*

Second lactationU.S. daughter advantage of 0.16

Third lactationU.S. daughter advantage of 0.11

Page 17: 2006 Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L

Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (17) 2006

Days open for spring calvers

First lactationNew Zealand daughter advantage of 6 days

Second lactationNew Zealand daughter advantage of 1 days

Third lactationNew Zealand daughter advantage of 1 days

Page 18: 2006 Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L

Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (18) 2006

Genetic alternative

To achieve top fertility, consider direct selection for Daughter pregnancy rate (DPR) from US bulls or those from all sources

Page 19: 2006 Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L

Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (19) 2006

Definitions

Days open = days from calving to conception

Daughter pregnancy rate (DPR) = percentage of those open (non-pregnant) cows that are between 50 and 250 days in milk that become pregnant within 21 days

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Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (20) 2006

Days open and DPR by breed

Breed Avg. days open Avg DPR (%)

– Ayrshire 143 22.4 – Brown Swiss 143 22.4 – Guernsey 151 20.5– Holstein 148 21.2– Jersey 127 26.5– Milking Shorthorn 135 24.5

DPR = 0.25 (233 – days open)

Page 21: 2006 Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L

Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (21) 2006

High DPR vs. Active-AI Holsteins

Traits High DPR bulls All Active-AI

– Milk (lbs) 349 824 – Fat (lbs) 14 32– Protein (lbs) 19 26– SCS 2.84 2.95– Productive Life (mo) 4.1 0.8– DPR (%) 2.3 -0.3– Net Merit Dollars 359 236

# of bulls (DPR≥2.0)24 692

Page 22: 2006 Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L

Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (22) 2006

High DPR vs. All Active-AI Jerseys

Traits High DPR bulls All Active-AI

– Milk (lbs) -6 619 – Fat (lbs) 46 40 – Protein (lbs) 18 27– SCS 2.94 2.95– Productive Life (mo) 2.3 1.7– DPR (%) 1.5 -0.1– Net Merit Dollars 302 269

# of bulls (DPR≥1.0) 11 96

Page 23: 2006 Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L

Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (23) 2006

Higher DPR vs. High Active-AI HO

Traits Higher DPR bulls High All Active-AI

– Milk (lbs) 748 1142 – Fat (lbs) 28 44– Protein (lbs) 29 35– SCS 2.82 2.90– Productive Life (mo) 4.8 1.8– DPR (%) 2.3 0.0– Net Merit Dollars 462 358

# of bulls (DPR≥2.0)12 346

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Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (24) 2006

Conclusions

Strain differences between U.S. Holsteins and New Zealand Friesians for several traits

Higher milk and protein yields for U.S. bull daughters

Lower first-lactation SCS for U.S. bull daughters

Page 25: 2006 Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L

Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (25) 2006

Conclusions (continued)

Fewer first- and second-lactation days open for New Zealand bull daughters

Smaller body size for New Zealand bull daughters

Better udders for U.S. bull daughters

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Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (26) 2006

Caution

Strain differences influenced by individual bulls chosen from each country

Found the New Zealand bulls chosen were slightly more selective than the US bulls used

Page 27: 2006 Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L

Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (27) 2006

Recommendations to breeders Don’t select bulls solely on one trait

because many traits have economic value

Consider economic value of all performance traits in your own market when making genetic choices

For seasonal calving, use an index that puts more weight on daughter fertility than those recommended for the general industry

Page 28: 2006 Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (1) Is There a Need for Different Genetics in Dairy Grazing Systems? H. D. Norman, J. R. Wright, R. L

Thank you!

2006Mid-Atlantic Dairy Grazing Conference, 2006 (28)