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The Fertile Crescen
t
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
The land between the rivers/ Euphrates and Tigris/ now Iraq
The birth place of formal religion, writing, math,
law ,and to a large extent,
architecture.
The original inhabitants of this area
Mastered irrigation and flood control
They created what is known as The Fertile Crescent located in what is now Iraq
The wheel
Written language/ cuneiform
First legal codes
Ur the home of Abraham
The First Urban Planners
Ziggurats( stair to heaven)/ to build on a raised area. The gods were believed to live in a temple on the top. Only the
chief priests were allow in the temple to care for the god’s needs. Ziggurats were built of sun baked bricks and had a
pyramidal shape
The Perennial Pyramid
Art Fundamentals Slide
• Line/ the path of a point moving through space. There are 5 kinds of lines:Vertical, Horizontal, Diagonal, Zigzag, Curved
• There are 5 ways lines can vary: Length, width, texture, direction, degree of curve.
• Shape/ area enclosed by one of the elements. Shapes have two dimensions: height and width
• There are different types of shapes/ organic- having irregular sides (free form, natural)
geometric/ having regular sides
Questions
1. Mesopotamia: known as the____________.
2. Mesopotamia was located in modern day_____________.
3. Describe the types of pyramids we examined.
4. Define Bas Relief Sculpture.
5. What period of Art history did we talk about today
Pictorial identification
Choose the best term to id the following images/ line, organic
shape, or geometric shape
Word bank
• Venus of Willendorf• Menhir• Ziggurat• Cave painting at
Lascaux France• Dolman• Bas Relief
• Directions:• Copy word bank
Answer the following
1. Define Bas Relief Sculpture.
2. What 2 periods of Art history have we covered?
3. Paleolithic peoples were known as:
4. Neolithic peoples were known as:
5. List 2 types of subject matter.
6. What 6 pieces of information can you get from the credit line
7. Define shape
8. There are two types of shape list them.
Choose the best term to id the following images/ line, organic
shape, or geometric shape
Give examples of the following words
describing textures.
•Glossy•Matte•Rough•Smooth
Review 4/15
• texture: refers to how something feels or looks like it might feel; 2 types: simulated, real
• Regular/ 1111; Alternating/121212; Progressive/changing motif• Random/cracks in a sidewalk; Flowing/hair; Radial/radiating
out from a center point• Matte, glossy, rough, smooth
• Visual Rhythm: repetition of any of the elements to create a pattern Random/cracks in a sidewalk; Flowing/hair; Radial/radiating out from a center point
• Shapes are 2 dimensional and created when an area is enclosed in some way.
• Test tomorrow over Prehistoric and Ancient notes ( leave out Egypt).
Word bank
• Venus of Willendorf
• Menhir• Ziggurat• Cave painting at
Lascaux France• Dolman• Stele of
Hammurabi
• Flowing• Regular• Alternating• Random• Progressive• Radial
•Every organized religion has traces to Babylon
•Nimrod built a city and established a common religion /descendent of Ham
•Tower of Babel
•Hammurapi gathered laws into a unified code
king of Babylon
Code of Hammurapi set up a
social order based on the rights
of the individual
Eye for an eye and tooth for a
tooth
The strong shall not injure the
weak
The stone slab on which the code
was carved was discovered in Susa,
Iran in l901. A relief carved above
the code shows Hammurapi before
Shamash, the sun god, being
commanded to establish just laws.
He abolished the worship of other
gods.
Writing
Invention of zero ( meant completeness)
Blood letting and perhaps human sacrifice
Hierarchical city-state unions
Mesoamerican calendar
Mesoamerican ball game played with rubber balls. The object was to get the ball in a stone basket using knees, elbows, hips, or heads. It was so difficult to achieve the goal that the game was over when a goal was made.
•System of writing
•Genius for mathematics/astronomy
•Refined form of architecture
•Located/ Mexico and Central America
Of all the urbanized people of the Americas, the Incas were the most brilliant engineers. The Huari-Tiahuanaco performed amazing feats of fitting gigantic
stones together, and the Nazca designed mind-numbingly huge earth-drawings that still exist today. But the Inca built massive forts with stone slabs so
perfectly cut that they didn't require mortar—and they're still standing today in near-perfect condition. They built roads through the mountains from Ecuador to Chile with tunnels and bridges. They also built aqueducts to their cities as the
Romans had. And of all ancient peoples, they were the most advanced in medicine and surgery.
.The lost Inca cityOf Machu Picchu,
high in the mountains of Peru
Native American Art
• Much native American art was inspired by visions. The shaman (priest-healer) would reproduce objects the gods communicated to him during a trance. Among the results of drawing on such subconscious impulses were extremely distorted Eskimo masks, among the most original art ever seen.
Shaman’s mask with the sun, moon and dog spirits.
Mound builders/ the first environmentalists?• Native Americans believed in
unity with nature. • Tribes constructed mounds,
some 100 feet high, from Florida to Wisconsin. Some imitated the shape of a tribe’s totem animal, such as an enormous , bird with spreading wings. Others were simply shaped like domes, but in each case, the builders hauled millions of tons of earth in baskets then tapped it down. The volume of the largest one near St. Louis is greater than that of the great Pyramid. In some cases, inner burial chambers, contained treasures, like the body of an aristocrat clothed entirely in pearls.
•Mound builders partly inspired Earthworks, movement that emerged in the late 1960’s, to make the land itself a work of art. Robert Smithson’s “Spiral Jetty” (now underwater in Great Sale Lake, Utah) is one of the better known examples of the movement.
•Southwest tribe
•Geometric design rugs colored with herbal and mineral dyes/ carmine red
•Shamans created sand paintings for healing, fertility, huntingSand painters still use natural pigments, like
powdered rock,corn pollen, and charcoal, to produce temporary works on a flat bed of sand.
•Carved and painted Kachina dolls out of cottonwood roots to represent gods and teach religion.
•Decorated underground kivas in Arizona with elaborate mural paintings of agricultural deities.
•Northwest tribe
•Totem poles
•Masks
•Decorated houses
•canoes
