2. Running Machines Fast feet and shaking BonesKirkpatrick Macmillan. SA MP L SL IDE Kirkpatrick Macmillan saw a child riding a hobby horse along the road near his house and promptly

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Do you remember Baron von Drais and his running machine?

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Over time, Baron von Drais’ bicycle became very popular in countries like France and Luxembourg.

In France it was called the velocipedevelocipedevelocipedevelocipede.

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The young ‘dandies’ of the day loved them and so the hobby horse also became known as the Dandy horseDandy horseDandy horseDandy horse.

The new hobby horses were so expensive only rich people could afford them.

In England it was called a hobby horsehobby horsehobby horsehobby horse.

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Hobby Horse 1818 – Photograph taken at the Coventry Transport Museum

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In 1818 an Englishman called Denis Johnson made his own version of Baron von Drais’ bicycle.

Then he opened a riding school in London so that young gentlemen (dandies) could learn how to ride the new hobby horse.

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A postcard showing the London cycling school set up in 1819. Photograph: Westminister Council

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The earliest bicycles had no pedals.

Finally, in 1839, pedals were added by a Scottish blacksmith called Kirkpatrick Macmillan.

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Kirkpatrick Macmillan saw a child riding a hobby horse along the road near his house and promptly made one for himself in his smithy.

Then he started to think that there must be a way of moving the hobby horse without having to put his feet on the ground and running along. The Smithy where he made his bicycle

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Macmillan’s new bicycle was made of wood, just like the earlier bicycles.

Can you see the pedals he invented?Can you see the pedals he invented?Can you see the pedals he invented?Can you see the pedals he invented?What do you notice?What do you notice?What do you notice?What do you notice?

There were two wheels with iron rims. A larger wheel at the back and smaller wheel at the front.

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The pedals were connected to the back wheel by rods.

Kirkpatrick Macmillan’s pedals didn’t go round and round as pedals do on modern bikes. Macmillan’s pedals went back and forth, back and forth.

When the rider moved the pedals backwards and forwards, the pedals turned the back wheel and the bike moved forward. Pedals were a very important new invention.

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Then, in the1860s, two Frenchman called Pierre and Ernest Michaux invented a new VelocipedeVelocipedeVelocipedeVelocipede.

In French, the word velocipede means fast feet.

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In England the new velocipede was called the bone bone bone bone shakershakershakershaker.

The boneshaker was very uncomfortable to ride.

Why do you think it was called a boneshaker?

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Not only was it uncomfortable to ride over rough roads, it was also difficult to pedal. SAMPLE SLIDE


What do you notice What do you notice What do you notice What do you notice about the bone shaker?about the bone shaker?about the bone shaker?about the bone shaker?

Where are the pedals?Where are the pedals?Where are the pedals?Where are the pedals?SAMPLE SLIDE


The boneshaker had pedals that were attached to the front wheels.

The pedals moved round and round as pedals on a modern bike do but, because the pedals were attached to the same wheel that steered the bike, it made it difficultto pedal and steer at the same time.

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They wore short jackets, tight trousers and knee length boots.

In those days most riders were men.

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Some women in France and America rode Velocipedes. They wore jackets, bloomers that went down to their knees, stockings and shin high boots.

The French lady riding this velocipede is wearing bloomers.

Riding in bloomers wasn’t allowed in England until much later so very few English women rode bikes.

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During the 1860s inventors were working out how to improve boneshakers so that they would be more comfortable to ride, go faster and be easier to steer and pedal.

Can you guess how they changed the boneshaker?

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2. Running Machines Fast feet and shaking BonesKirkpatrick Macmillan. SA MP L SL IDE Kirkpatrick Macmillan saw a child riding a hobby horse along the road near his house and promptly