2 • 2 • 2 • 2 '. 2 • 2SECTION 2

STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSIONTrme-25 minutes

(including the reading of the directions)Now set your clock for 25 minutes.

This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate forstandard written English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions foreach type.

Structure

Directions: These questions are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four wordsor phrases, marked (A). (B), (C), and (0). Choose the one word or phrase that best completes thesentence. Then. on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space thatcorresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Look at the following examples.

Example I

The president __ the election by a landslide.

(A) won(B) he won(C) yesterday(0) fortunately

Sample Answer

•@@@

The sentence should read, "The president won the election by a landslide," Therefore, you shouldchoose answer (A).

Example II

When __ the conference?

(A) the doctor attended(B) did the doctor attend(C) the doctor will attend(0) the doctor's attendance

Sample Answer

@•@@

The sentence should read, "When did the doctor attend the conference?" Therefore, you shouldchoose answer (B).

TOEFL- tC'Stdirections and format are rqwtnted by permission01 ETS. the copyright owner. However. all examples and testquestioM are pl"O'Vided by Peanon Education. Inc. COMPlETE TESTONE 41 7

2I. __ range in color from pale yellow to 6. Most species of heliotropes are weeds,

bright orange. __ of them are cultivated.

(A) Canaries which (A) some(B) Canaries (B) but some(C) That canaries (C) for some species(0) Canaries that are (0) some species

2. __ ~f precious gems is determined by 7. Thunder occurs as __ through air,their hardness, color, and brilliance. causing the heated air to expand and

(A) The valuablecollide with layers of cooler air.

(B) It is the value (A) an electrical charge(C) It is valuable (B) passes an electrical charge(0) The value (C) the passing of an electrical charge

(0) an electrical charge passes3. __ a tornado spins in a

counterclockwise direction in the northern 8. Researchers have long debated __hemisphere, it spins in the opposite Saturn's moon TItan contains hydrocarbondirection in the southern hemisphere. oceans and lakes.

(A) However (A) over it(B) Because of (B) whether it(C) Although (C) whether(0) That (0) whether over

4. The Caldecott Medal, __ for the best 9. Nimbostratus clouds are thick, dark greychildren's picture book, is awarded each clouds __ forebode rain.January. (A) what(A) a prize (B) which(B) which prize (C) what they(C) is a prize which (0) which they(0) is a prize

10. __ in several early civilizations, a cubit5. The horn of the rhinoceros consists of a was based on the length of the forearm

cone of tight bundles of keratin __ from from the tip of the middle finger to thethe epidermis. elbow.

(A) grow (A) It was used as a measurement(B) grows (B) A measurement was used(C) growing (C) The use of a measurement(0) they grow (0) Used as a measurement

418 COMPLETETESTONE

2II. Only when air and water seep through its

outer coat __ .

(A) does a seed germinate(B) to the germination of a seed(C) a seed germinates(0) for a seed to germinate

12. __ seasonal rainfall. especially inregions near the tropics, is winds that blowin an opposite direction in winter than insummer.

(A) Causing(B) That cause(C) To cause(0) What causes

13. The extinct Martian volcano OlympusMons is approximately three times as__ Mount Everest.

(A) high(B) high as is(C) higher than(0) the highest of

14. The flight instructor, __ at the air base,said that orders not to fight had beengiven.

(A) when interviewed(B) when he interviewed(C) when his interview(0) when interviewing

15. In the northern and central parts of thestate of Idaho __ and churning rivers.

(A) majestic mountains are found(B) found majestic mountains(C) are found majestic mountains(0) finding majestic mountains

COMPLETETESTONE 4 19

Written Expression

Directions: In these questions. each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The fourunderlined parts of the sentence are marked (A). (B). (C), and (D). Identify the one underlined wordor phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then. on your answer sheet,find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer youhave chosen.

Look at the following examples.

Example I

The four string on a violin are tunedA -B- CI)

in fifths.

Sample Answer

@•@@

The sentence should read. "The four strings on a violin are tuned in fifths." Therefore. you shouldchoose answer (B).

Example II

The research for the book Roots taking--A--B- -C-

Alex Haley twelve years.D

Sample Answer

@@•@

The sentence should read. "The research for the book Roots took Alex Haley twelve years." Therefore,you should choose answer (C).

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

420 COMPlETE TEST ONE

16. Light can travels from the Sun to the Earth in eight minutes and twenty seconds.-A- --B- C --D-

17. Every human typically have twenty-three pairs of chromosomes in most cells.--A-13 ----C-O

18. Most sedimentary rocks start forming when grains of clay, silt, or sandy settle in-A- B -C-

river valleys or on the bottoms of lakes and oceans.----0-

19. The total thickness of the ventricular walls of the heart are about three times that of---,;- B -C- 0

the atria.

20. The type of jazz known as "swing" was introduced by Duke Ellington when he wrote-A- B C

and records "11 Don't Mean a Thing If It Ain't Got That Swing."-D-

2 I. The bones of mammals, not alike those of other vertebrates, show a high degree ofI\"-B- --C-

differentiation.D

22. The neocortex has evolved more recently then other layers of the brain.A --B- -C----O-

23. The United States receives a large amount of revenue from taxation of a tobacco--A- --B- --C- 0

products.

24. Much fats are composed of one molecule of glycerin combined with three molecules-A- B

of fatty acids.-CO-

25. The capital of the Confederacy was originally in Mobile, b:Jt t!:ey were moved to-A- BCD

Richmond.

26. A pearl develops when a tiny grain of sand or stone or some another irritant~ --B--C-

accidentally enters into the shell of a pearl oyster.D

COMPLETETESTONE 421

227. The English horn is an alto oboe with a pitch one-fifth lower than the soprano oboe.

-A- S- c-o

28. In the Milky Way galaxy. the most recent observed supernova appeared in 1604.--,;:--B- C IT

29. Never in the history of humanity has there been more people living on this relativelyA B -C- 0

small planet.

30. Because of the mobility of Americans today, it is difficult for they to put down--A- --B- C;

real roots.o

31. For five years after the Civil War, Robert E. Lee served to president of WashingtonT BCollege, which was later called Washington and Lee.

-C- J)

32. The number of wild horses on Assateague is increasing lately, resulting in overgrazed--A- B C

marsh and dune grasses.-0-

33. Hypnoses was successfully used during World War II to treat battle fatigue.A B -C- 0

34. The lobster, like many crustaceans, can cast off a damaging appendage andT-B- C

regenerate a new appendage to nearly nonnal size.-0-

35. Humans develop nonnally twenty primary, or deciduous, teeth and thirty-twoA --B- C

pennanent ones.o

36. The curricula of American public schools are set in individual states; theyA 13do not detennine by the federal government.

C -0-

37. The fact that the sophisticated technology has become part of revolution in travelA B

delivery systems has not made travel schedules less hectic.--C- D

422 COMPLETETESTONE

,38. Balanchine's plotless ballets, such Jewels and The Four Temperaments, present dance

-A- 13" -C-

purely as a celebration of the movement of the human body.-D-

39. In a solar battery, a photosensitive semiconducting substance such as silicon crystalA B -C-

is the source of electrician.D

40. In early days, hydrochloric acid was done by heating a mixture of sodium chlorideA B- --C-

with iron sulfate.J)

This Is the end of Section 2.If you finish before 25 minutes has ended,

check your work on Section 2 only.

8888888At the end of 25 minutes, go on to Section 3.Use exactly 55 minutes to work on Section 3.

COMPLETETEST ONE 423

1. The hard palate __ between the mouth 6. Before the Statue of Liberty arrived in theand nasal passages. United States, newspapers invited the

(A) forming a partitionpublic to help determine where __

(B) a partition forms placed after its arrival.

(C) forms a partition (A) should the statue be(D) a form and a partition (B) the statue being

(C) it should be the statue2. Sam Spade in The Maltese Falcoll and Rick (D) the statue should be

Blaine in Casablallca __ of HumphreyBogart's more famous roles. 7. A stock __ at an inflated price is called

(A) they are two a watered stock.

(B) two of them are (A) is issued(C) two of them (B) issued(D) are two (C) it is issued

(D) which issued3. __ , the outermost layer of skin, is about

as thick as a sheet of paper over most of 8. Acidic lava nows readily and tends to coverthe skin. much larger areas, while basic lava __ '

(A) It is the epidermis (A) viscous(B) The epidermis (B) more viscous(e) In the epidermis (C) is more viscous(D) The epidermis is (D) it is more viscous

4. During the Precambrian period, the Earth's 9. Seismic reflection profiling has __ thecrust formed, and life __ in the seas. ocean floor is underlain by a thin layer of

(A) first appearednearly transparent sediments.

(B) the first to appear (A) reveal that(C) the first appearance (B) revealed that(D) appearing first (C) the revelation of

(D) revealed about5. When fluid accumulates against the

eardrum. a second more insidious type of 10. __ and terrifying. coral snakes cangrow to 4 feet (1.2 meters) in length.

(A) otitis media may develop (A) They are extremely poisonous(B) developing otitis media (B) The poison is extreme(C) the development of otitis media (C) Extremely poisonous(D) to develop otitis media (D) An extreme amount of poison

444 COMPLETE TEST TWO

11. The leaves of the white mulberry providefood for silkworms, __ silk fabrics arewoven.

(A) whose cocoons(B) from cocoons(C) whose cocoons are from(D) from whose cocoons

12. As __ in Greek and Roman mythology,harpies were frightful monsters that werehalf woman and half bird.

(A) described(B) to describe(C) description(D) describing

13. Not only __ generate energy. but it alsoproduces fuel for other fission reactors.

(A) a nuclear breeder reactor(B) it is a nuclear breeder reactor(C) does a nuclear breeder reactor(D) is a nuclear breeder reactor

14. D.W. Griffith pioneered many of thestylistic features and filmmakingtechniques __ as the Hollywoodstandard.

(A) that established(B) that became established(C) what established(D) what became established

IS. __ be needed. the water basin wouldneed to be dammed.

(A) Hydroelectric power should(B) When hydroelectric power(C) Hydroelectric power(D) Should hydroelectric power

COMPlETE TEST TWO 445

216. Mosquitoes will accepts the malaria parasite at only one stage of the parasite's

-A- --B- --C-

complex life cycle.--D-

17. The counterpart of a negative electrons is the positive proton.ABC --D-

18. \ Alexander Hamilton's advocacy of a strong national government brought he intoA -B- C-

bitter conflict with Thomas Jefferson.-D-

19. There are more than eighty-four million specimens in the National Museum ofA BNatural History's collection of biological, geological, archeological, and

C

anthropology treasures.D

20. After George Washington married widow Martha Custis, the couple comes to reside---P::- -B- -C- -D-

at Mount Vernon.

21. Rubberized asphalt can hardly be classified as cutting edge at this stage in theirA -B- C [)

development.

22. Rhesus monkeys exhibit patterns of shyness similar to that in humans.A -B- --C- 0

23. In space, with no gravity for muscles to work against, the body becomes weakly.A -B- --C-- --D-

24. Fort Jefferson, in the Dry Tortugas off the southern tip of Florida, can be reachA B -C-

only by boat or plane.-D-

25. Quarter horses were developed in eighteenth-century Virginia to race onA -B-

courses short of about a quarter of a mile in length.C --D-

26. Supersonic flight is flight that is faster the speed of sound.A B -C- D

COMPLETE TEST TWO 447

27. Since the dawn of agriculture 9,000 years ago, only a few animal species had beenA Be 0

domesticated.

28. The Betataken House Ruins at Navajo National Monument is among the largest andA -B-

most elaborate cliff dwellings in the country.C --0-

29. The island of Kauai has much streams, some of which have worn deep canyons into-A- --B- c-

the rock.---0

30. It is a common observation that liquids will soak through some materials but notA --B- -C-

through other.----0-

31. Surrounded by forested mountain slopes are the town of Telluride, a formerA B -C-

gold-mining town 7,500 feet above sea level.--0-

32. The newsreels of Hearst Metronome News, which formed part of every moviegoer's---x-experience in the era before television, offer an unique record of the events of the

B C -0-

1930s.

33. Probably the best known of all dinosaurs. the Tyrannosaurns was larger and last ofA B -C- D

the meat-eating carnosaurs.

34. Unlikely gas sport balloons, hot air balloons do not have nets.--A- -B- --C [)

35. Born in Massachusetts in 1852, Albert Farbanks has begun making banjos in Boston---x- B -C-in the late 1870s.D

36. Methane in wetlands comes from soil bacteria that consumes organic plant matter.-A-13 C --0-

448 COMPLETE TEST TWO

2

37. A10isAlzheimer made the first observers of the telltale signs of the disease that todayA -B-

bears his name.-C- D

38. Edward McDowell remembers as the composer of such perennial favorites as "To aABC --D-

Wild Rose" and "To a Water Lily."

39. Animism is the belief that objects and natural phenomena such as rivers. rocks. and-A- B

wind are live and have feelings.C -D-

40. Newtonian physics accounts from the observation of the orbits of the planets andA --a C -D-

moons.

This is the end of SectIon 2.If you finish before 25 minutes has ended,

check your work on Section 2 only.

8888888At the end of 25 minutes, go on to Section 3.Use exactly 55 minutes to work on Section 3.

COMPLETETESTTWO 449

21. In the late 1880s, Hull House __ United. 6. As a protection device, an octopus ejects

States' first welfare state. black or purple ink to cloud the water

(A) to become thewhen __ .

(B) became the (A) does it escape(C) becoming one of the (B) its escape(D) it became the (C) it escapes

(D) escapes it2. __ with the largest alphabet is

Cambodian, with 74 letters. 7. __ manipulate with their feet as well as

(A) In the language with their hands, it is difficult for them to

(B) The language isstand upright.

(C) The language (A) Apes can, however,(D) About the language (B) Apes are able to

(C) Despite the ability of apes3. __ given to the various types of (D) Although apes can

microscopic plants and animals found inwater. 8. Approximately 500 varieties of

(A) Named planktoninsectivorous plants, which trap animals

(B) The name of planktonfor their sustenance, __ in the world.

(C) Plankton's name (A) and their existence(D) Plankton is the name (B) exist

(C) they exist4. Charles Babbage (1792- 1871) drew up the (D) that exist

first plans for a programmable digitalcomputer in 1834, but __ was never 9. Ozone is formed when ultraviolet radiationcompleted. from the Sun __ molecules into highly

(A) his inventionreactive oxygen atoms.

(B) he invented (A) oxygen breaks up(C) to invent him (B) oxygen is broken up(D) for him to invent (C) breaks up oxygen

(D) to break up oxygen5. __ , one of the oldest forms of written

communication, was used as early as 3000 10. The surrealistic movement in art in theB.C. I920s and 1930s placed __ is pictured

(A) Cuneiform writingin the unconscious and often incorporated

(B) In cuneiform writingdreamlike images.

(C) Cuneiform writing was (A) to emphasize it(D) When cuneiform writing (B) an emphasis on it

(e) emphasize what(D) an emphasis on what

470 COMPLETETESTTHREE

II. Today used to measure the weight of gem-stones or the amount of gold per 24 partsof pure gold. __ originally the weight ofa seed of the carob tree.

(A) was a carat(B) a carat was(C) which was a carat(0) that a carat was

12. The film Lawrence of Arabia is three hoursand forty-one minutes long. one minute__ Gone with the Wind.

(A) in length like(B) long is(C) is longer than(0) longer than is

13. The genus Equus became extinct in NorthAmerica during the glacial period. and itwas not reintroduced until __ by theSpaniards.

(A) brought there(B) was brought there(C) bringing it there(0) it brought.!here

14. In __ several vertically alignedhoneycombs with hexagonal wax cellsstacked close together.

(A) a honeybee hive is(B) a honeybee hive are(C) a honeybee hive of(0) a honeybee hive composed of

15. The shapes of snow crystals depend largely__ temperature and humidity are.

(A) how high its(B) on the height of the(C) on how high the(0) that the ~eight of the

COMPLETE TEST THREE

216. The price of silver rose to $50.05 per troy ounce in January 1980 and then fell to

A -B- C

$10.80 two month later.-D-

17. Most polar seals retreat to open water during the winter, but a few types have learn-A- -B-----c--

to survive on and under the ice all year round.-D-

18. More than half of all stars is in binary 01' multiple-star systems.A Ir- C D

19. The harpsichord is the most complex and most large of all the plucked keyboardABC --D-

instruments.

20. United States forces won the city of Los Angeles in 1847 during the Mexican War andA -B- -C-

gain all of California in the same year.----0

21. During fermentation, complex carbohydrates are converted to another chemicals by-A- B --C-

the action of enzymes produced by molds, yeasts, or bacteria.D

22. The surface of Mars is very complex and consists of a mixture of nat deserts, craters,--A- B C

volcanoes, and mountainous.D

23. Hardwood comes from broad. leaved deciduous trees, those that lose theirs leaves inABC -D-

winter.

24. The Washington quarter was first minting by the U.S. government in 1932 on the-A- """13 --C-

200th anniversary of George Washington's birth.D

25. W. Somerset Maugham's best.known novel, 0{ Human Bondage, is a partiallyA --B-

fictionalized account of a unhappy youth.C -D-

COMPLETE TEST THREE 473

226. The Congressional Medal of Honor, instituted at the height of the Civil War. is today

-A-

a highest decoration for gallantry in the United States.B C --0-

27. High blood pressure results from either an increased output of blood from the heartA B

and an increased resistance to its flow through tiny branches of the arteries.C 1)

28. When the U.S. government's library was burned by the British in 1814. formerA B ---c-

President Thomas Jefferson donated 6,487 of their own books to start the present----0-

day Library of Congress.

29. James A. Garfield has become the twentieth president of the United States in 1881A B

and was assassinated later in that year.C -0-

30. Mambas. poisonous African snakes that come from the same family as cobras.ABC

possess an extreme potent venom.--0-

31. Not until the discovery of Pluto's moon Charon was many of the characteristics ofA B -C-

the planet Pluto evident.-0-

32. Scorpions. which are normally lone. have developed a cautious mating ritualA B

because they are not immune to their own poison.C ---0-

33. The diameter of the Sun is more than one hundred times greater than the Earth.A -B---C- D

34. In the mid-18th century. American. Russian. and Canadian hunters on the PacificA -B-

coast of North America annihilated almost the sea otter in order to collect the pelts.C 0

35. Pat Garrett. who shot and killed Billy the Kid on July 14. 1881. later did his livingA lie

as a Texas Ranger.D

474 COMPLill TEST THREE

36. Paul Revere was the son of a French immigration named Apollos Rivoire. who laterA ---s-

began calling himself Revere to make his name easier for Americans to pronounce.-C- -0-

37. Safety glass. a toughened glass sheet, is six times stronger than untreating glass.ABC 0

38. The foxglove is source of the drug digitalis. which is used to treat heart disease.-A- --B- -C- 0

39. Related fungus from a family of yeasts called ascomycetes cause bread to rise. create-A- -B- --C-

the veins in blue cheese. and produce penicillin.--0-

40. Rival leaders during the American Civil War. Abt"aham Lincoln and Jefferson Oavis---x- -B-

both hailed Kentucky.--C-O-

This Is the end of Section 2.If you finish before 25 minutes has ended,

check your work on Section 2 only.

At the end of 25 minutes, go on to Section 3.Use exactly 55 minutes to work on Section 3.

COMPLETE TEST THREE 475

2I. Indiana's Lost River __ underground 6. In 1858, the site \__ was to become the

for a distance of 22 miles. city of Denver was settled as a way station

(A) travelsfor outfitting gold prospectors.

(B) traveling (A) it(C) to travel (B) of it(0) it travels (C) what

(0) of what2. The 1980 explosion of __ the first

volcanic emption in the continental United 7. The light from an electrical lamp includesStates in over 60 years. many different wavelengths, __ in a

(A) Mount SI. Helenslaser is concentrated on only one

(B) was Mount SI. Helenswavelength.

(C) it was Mount SI. Helens (A) all the energy(0) Mount SI. Helens was (B) it is all the energy

(e) while all the energy3. Static e1eco'icity __ one cloud to (0) while all the energy is

another or between clouds and the groundcreates lightning. 8. In the Antarctic Ocean __ plankton and

(A) flows fromcrustacean forms of life.

(B) the flow from (A) an abundance of(C) flowing from (B) is an abundance of(0) is flowing from (C) it is abundant

(0) an abundance is4. The Model T car, introduced in 1908, __

$850. 9. Flintlock muskets __ sharp bayonets

(A) the price waswere standard weapons during theAmerican Revolution.

(B) a price of(C) to be priced at (A) tip with(0) was priced at (B) tipped with

(C) the tips of5. __ reacts with a chlorine atom, an (0) were tipped with

electron is transferred from the outer shellof the sodium atom to the outer shell of the 10. Benjamin Franklin believed that the turkeychlorine atom. rather than the eagle __ of the United

A sodium atomStates.

(A)(B) When a sodium atom (A) should become the symbol(C) For a sodium atom (B) the symbol becomes(D) It is a sodium atom (C) should symbolize becoming

(D) becoming the symbol

496 COMPLETE TEST FOUR

2 2

2

II. __ to occur in the Earth's crust. push-pull and shake waves would be generatedsimultaneously.

(A) Were a break(B) If a break(C) A break was(0) If broken

12. Fossil fuels like coal. oil, and gas producecarbon dioxide when __ '

(A) are burned(B) they burned(C) burned(0) are they burned

13. Not until Nellie Tayloe Ross was electedgovernor of Wyoming in 1924 __ asgo'vernor of a U.S. state.

(A) a woman served(B) a woman serving(C) to serve a woman(0) did a woman serve

14. The temperatures __ take place varywidely for different materials.

(A) which melting and freezing(B) at which melting and freezing(C) which they melt and freeze(0) at which they melt and freeze

15. In general, the cells of large animals andplants are only slightly larger than __plants and animals.

(A) smaller(B) are smaller(C) those smaller(0) are those of smaller

COMPLETETESTFOUR 497

216. The music on a compact disk (CD) is record by lasers.

A B -c-l)

17. Alaska has more active glaciers as the rest of the inhabited world combined.-';-B- C D

18. Aristotle believed that everything in the universe were composed of four basic--A- ---a-- -C-

elements: earth. water, air. and fire.D

19. In the cold climate of the far north, mosquito eggs may remains dormant fromA B --C---D-

autumn until late June.

20. Passengers have ridden the first Ferris wheel at the Columbian Exposition inA B -C-

Chicago in 1893.15

21. One type of Australian frog lays up to 25 eggs at a time and then swallows they forA --B- C-

protection.D

22. The Cro-Magnons entered the area that is today Europe and quickly eliminated or-A- -B-

absorbed theirs Neanderthal predecessors.-C- 0

23. The Spanish introduced not only horses and also cattle to the North AmericanA B -C-

continent.o

24. The best. known members of the cabbage vegetable group includes head cabbage.A -B---C-o-

cauliflower, broccoli, kale, collard, and brussels sprouts.

25. White blood cells are the largest of red blood cells and are more varied in size and inABC D

shape.

COMPLETE TEST FOUR 499

226. An hiccup is a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm, which leads to a massive

A B -C-intake of air.-0-

27. To make a lithograph, an artist used a flat stone of a kind that will soak up oil and--A- -a -C- --0-

water.

28. Alike a bar magnet, the Earth has two magnetic poles.---x- -B- C 1)

29. Not until Harvard College was founded in 1636 was there any colleges in America.---,;:- --B- C 0

30. Antelopes are gregarious animals that travel in herds, ranging in amount from a fewA --B- -----c-

to several thousand.-0-

31. A supersonic airplane can fly faster than a speed of sound.A If C i5

32. In 1821, Emma Willard opened officially the doors of the first school in the UnitedA BStates to offer college-level courses for women.

-C- 0

33. The first gummed postage stamps issued in New York City in 1842.--A- -B- -C- IT

34. Typical long bone such as the femur consists of a long shaft with swellings at each-A- -B- C 0

end.

35. The common octopus lives Jone in a den just big enough for its body.---r BCD

36. The vacuum tube did an important contribution to the early growth of radio andABC -0-

television.

37. St. Augustine, Florida, founded in 1565 by Pedro Menendez, was razing 21 years--A- B -C-

later by Francis Drake.I)

500 COMPLETETESTFOUR

38. A bimetallic thermometer relies the different rates of expansion of two types ofA --a -c

metal, usually brass and copper.-0-

39. An ice crystal is the nuclei on which a hailstone is built.-A- -B- C J)

40. Tremendous flooding during the summer of 1993 left 8 million acres of nine--A- B

midwestern states inundated and proved both expensively and deadly.C -0-

This Is the end of Section 2.If you finish before 25 minutes has ended,

check your work on Section 2 only.

8888888At the end of 25 minutes, go on to Section 3.Use exactly 55 minutes to work on Section 3.

COMPLETETESTFOUR 50 I

21. Different hormones __ at the same time 6. Coral islands such as the Maldives are the

on a particular target issue. tips of reefs built during periods of warm

(A) usually actclimate, when __ higher.

(B) usually acting (A) were sea levels(C) they usual act (B) sea had levels(D) the usual action (C) having sea levels

(D) sea levels were2. The tidal forces on the Earth due to __

only 0.46 of those due to the Moon. 7. Hail forms within large, dense

(A) the Sun iscumulonimbus __ develop on hot,

(B) the Sun they arehumid summer days.

(C) the Sun it is (A) clouds(D) the Sun are (B) clouds that

(C) clouds that are3. Most radioactive elements oceur in (D) clouds that they

igneous and metamorphic __ fossilsoccur in sedimentary rocks. 8. Measles is a highly contagious viral disease

(A) rocks, nearly all__ by a characteristic skin rash.

(B) rocks, but nearly all (A) accompany(C) rocks, nearly all are (B) is accompanied(D) rocks, which nearly all are (C) accompanied

(D) it is accompanied4. __ radioisotope is encountered, the

first step in its identification is the 9. Charles Darwin's first scientific book.determination of its half-life. published in 1842, __ a since

(A) An unknownsubstantiated theory on the origin of coral

(B) Afterwards, an unknownreefs and atolls.

(C) When an unknown (A) to present(D) During an unknown (B) presented

(C) presenting5. The Missouri __ longest river in the (D) it presents

United States, flows through seven statesfrom its source in Montana to its 10. Phytoplanktons thrive where __confluence with the Mississippi. phosphorus into the upper layers of a body

(A) River, theof water.

(B) River is the (A) upwelling currents circulate(C) River is one of the (B) the circulation of upwelling currents(D) River, one of the (C) are upwelling currents

(D) circulates upwelling currents

522 COMPLETETESTFIVE

II. By the end of 1609, Galileo had a 20-powertelescope that enabled him to see __planets revolving around Jupiter.

(A) the call(B) he called(C) to call him(D) what he called

12. On every continent except Antarctica-_ more than 30,000 species of spiders.

(A) some are(8) some of the(C) are some of the(D) is some

13. Many bugs possess defensive scent glandsand emit disagreeable odors when __ .

(Al disturbed(B) are disturbed(C) they disturbed(D) are they disturbed

14. Hurricanes move with the large-scale windcurrents __ are imbedded.

(A) that they(B) which they(C) in that they(D) in which they

IS. __ the Earth's ice to melt, the Earth'soceans would rise by about two hundredfeet.

(A) If all(B) Were all(C) If all were(D) All was

COMPlETE TESTFIVE 523

216. The brilliantly colored rhinoceros viper has two or three horns above each nostrils.

A B -C- --0-

17. Most of the outer planets has large swarms of satellites surrounding them.----P::- BCD

18. Historical records show that Halley's comet has return about every seventy-six years-A- --B--C-

for the past 2.000 years.J)

19. Robert Heinlein was instrumental in popularizing science fiction with a series ofA B -C-

stories that is first published in the Saturday Evening Post.o

20. Each number on the Richter scale represent a tenfold increase in the amplitude of--A- B

waves of ground motion recorded during an earthquake.C 0

21. Lake Tahoe. located on the eastern edge of the Sierra Nevada range. is feed by more-A- B C;

than thirty mountain streams.--0-

22. Established in 1789 and operated bj"the Jesuits. Georgetown University inA

Washington. D.C. is the older Roman Catholic institution of higher learning in theI3 C IT

United States.

23. The surface of the planet Venus is almost completely hid by the thick clouds that-A- B----C-

shroud it.-0-

24. Present in rocks of all types. hematite is particular abundant in the sedimentary-A- --B- C

rocks known as red beds.-0-

25. Tr~pical cyclones. alike extratropical cyclones. which derive much of their energy~ -B- ----c-

from the jet stream. originate far from the polar front.--0-

COMPlETE TEST FIVE 525

26. Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the first U.S. women's rights convention in 1848--A--B-

and was instrumentally in the struggle to win voting and property rights for women.C D

27. Jaguarundis are sleek, long-tailed creatures colored either an unifonn reddish brownA -B- C

or dark grey.D

28. It is possible to get a sunburn on a cloudy day because eighty percent of the-A- --B-

ultraviolet rays from the Sun would penetrate cloud cover.-C- J)

29. In 1964, GAIT established the International Trade Center in order to assist--A-

developing countries in the promotion of its exports.BCD

30. Joseph Heller's novel Catch-22 satirizes both the horrors of war as well as the power--A- -B- C

of modem bureaucratic institutions.D

31. In Roots, Alex Haley uses fictional details to embellish a factual histories of seven--A- B --C-

generations of his family.o

32. The carbon atoms of the diamond are so strongly bonded that a diamond can only beA B

scratched with other diamond.C J)

33. Viruses are extremely tiny parasites that are able to reproduce only within the cells-A- B C-of theirs hosts.-D-

34. During the last Ice Age, which ended about 10,000 years ago, there was about three-A- -B-

times more ice than is today.c: i5

526 COMPLETE TEST FIVE

35. Melons most probably originated in Persia and were introduced the North AmericanABC

continent during the sixteenth century.-D-

36. More than 600 million individual bacteria lives on the skin of humans.-A- --a-c- --D-

37. The more directly overhead the Moon is, the great is the effect that it exhibits on the-A- I1C -D-

Earth.

38. As the International Dateline at 180 degrees longitude is crossed westerly, it becomes-A- --a-necessary to change the date by moving it one day fOIWard.

C D

39. Kilauea's numerous eruptions are generally composed in molten lava, with littleABC-

escaping gas and few explosions.D

40. The incubation period of tetanus is usually five to ten days, and the most frequentlyA --a-

occurred symptom is jaw stiffness.C --D-

This Is the end of Section 2.If you finish before 25 minutes has ended,

check your work on Section 2 only.

8888888At the end of 25 minutes, go on to Section 3.Use exactly 55 minutes to work on Section 3.

COMPLETETESTFIVE 527