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1999 Cabletron Systems
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Cabletron
• Data Communications company, founded in 1983
• $1.4B sales, $3.1B market cap.
• $465M cash and investments, no debt
• Innovators in Technology
– 450 patents
– 14% of revenue spent on R&D = $200 million a further $80 million on technology startups
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Market Position?
• Worldwide Modular Switching (Dell’Oro Group)
– #1 L3 Switched 10/100 Mbps
– #2 L3 Switched 1000 Mbps
– #2 L2 Switched 10 Mbps
– #2 L2 Switched 100 Mbps
• Worldwide Enterprise Management (IDC)
– #2 Enterprise Management Platform
• The Leader in Network Control Services
– Directory Enabled since 1994
– Policy Management since 1996
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Market Segments
• SmartSwitch Router
– Increased over 21% sequentially
– Increased over 200% year-over-year
– Currently 21% of sales
• xDSL
– Sales have tripled over past 6 months
– Expecting double digit sequential growth
• SmartSwitching
– Port shipment growth of 20% sequentially
– Currently 45% of sales
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Market Segments
• Software
– Increased sales 35% sequentially
– Increased sales 20% year-over-year
– High gross margin
• Services
– Professional services growing nearly 100% sequentially
– Now 16% of sales
1999 Cabletron Systems
Technology Highway: Industry Vision
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The Next Wave
“Information Business”
2nd Wave
- IT as a Cost Center
- File, Print, E-Mail
- Information Distribution
- Web Browsing
- Fixed Connectivity
“Connectivity”
1st Wave- IT as a Source of
Competitive Advantage
- E- Business, E-CommerceElectronic Supply Chain Management
- Interactive Information
- Mass Customization
- Death of Distance
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One Step Ahead of What’s Next
• Intelligence Everywhere
• Information Society
• Information Entertainment
• Information Economy
• Interactive Internet 2
• Distance Learning
• Connecting People…Not Devices
• Evolving commerce from one solution for millions to millions of solutions for one…mass customization
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Network is the Business
• Some Examples of “Critical-ness”
• B2B Dependant Networks
SupplyChainManagement
Vendor Supplier“The Network”
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Applications Drive Infrastructure Change
• Intranets have changed all the traffic patterns
• Extranets and VPNs need to deliver utility-like service
• E-Commerce demands security and reliability
• IP multicast being embedded in mainstream applications
• IP voice and IP video demand low latency
• Voice, video and data convergence drive the need for Quality of Service
• Server centralization increases backbone traffic
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Enterprise Networks - IT Applications
Tier IBusiness Applications E-Commerce, E-Business,
SAP, Oracle, PeopleSoft,NetMeeting, Collaboration Tools, Siebel, Bond, Agile ...
Tier IIInfrastructure Applications E-mail, Printing, File Sharing,
WWW, Distance Learning ...
Tier IIIOther Games, PointCast, MP3 Music,
Single Use Apps ...
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New Application - Streaming Video
• Increasing Popular for Training Purposes
– Bandwidth impact is radically unpredictable
• Real time Video on the LAN
– By year 2000, 18% of US businesses (Sage Research, Inc.)
• Image processing - 1/2 of all US business
– Forms for Insurance, teleradiology in hospitals, etc…
– Desktop videoconferences
– Retrieving images
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• High performance (bandwidth)
• Predictability (latency, delivery, etc)
• Availability
• Reliability (99.999999...% uptime, fail over circuits, etc)
• Cost effective (competitive pricing, keep costs low)
• QoS capabilities (w/ policies and CoS)
• Simplicity (non-complex)
• Manageable
Customer Expectations - More Utility-Like
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Cabletron Driving the 3rd Wave
• Enterprise Solutions– Virtual Private Networks
– Policy-Based Networking
– Wire-speed L3 Infrastructure
• Service Provider Solutions– Emerging Internet SPs
– Service Deployment Tools:Accounting, Billing, SLAs
• Convergence Solutions– Voice Ready Infrastructure
– Voice Over Last-mile
– Voice Management
– Voice Gateways, Toll Bypass
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Convergence
• IP Protocol (VoIP), IP Multicast
• Voice, Data and Video Traffic
• Desktop Conferencing, Multimedia and Internet Convergence
• In the WAN -
– Makes financial sense
– Easy to justify
• Some Desktop Applications - Real Audio, NetMeeting...
• Phones and PC’s Stay On the Desk in the Enterprise
• Integrate When the Need Arises (PBX investment)
– Call centers
– New buildings
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Enterprise QoS Features
• Ability to guarantee QoS to key applications
• Providing priority to the most important users
• Limit the network resources provided by demanding applications (i.e. desktop video)
• Control - Reduction of the need to police the network
• Easier path to multiservice integration
• “Future Proof” - Hardware that is policy ready helps avoid network upgrades
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Standards-Based QoS Solution
• Packet Tagging
– 802.1P
– IP ToS/DiffServ
– MPLS
• RSVP
• Traffic Shaping
– Strict Priority Queuing
– Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ)
– Class Based Queuing (CBQ)
– Random Early Discard (RED & WRED)
– Committed Access Rate (CAR)
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PCsPCs
PCs PCs
RemoteSite
Baan
PeopleSoft
SAP
BaanSAP
QoS will be defined by application responsiveness and end user experience not by simple bandwidth reservation and measurement
QoS will be defined by application responsiveness and end user experience not by simple bandwidth reservation and measurement
SLA and QoS Management
• Priority is relative and will be defined by who the user is and Priority is relative and will be defined by who the user is and what business function they supportwhat business function they support
• Allows the IT system to offer differing levels of information Allows the IT system to offer differing levels of information transport service based on differing business prioritiestransport service based on differing business priorities
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Key Product Initiatives
• VPN technology across WAN product line
• Layer 4 ‘awareness’ across product line
• WWW based management across product line
• SSN Integration with directory services
• New policy management services:
– Router access control list management
– Quality of service / class of service
• IP accounting & Billing
• Integrated voice gateways in select WAN products
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Emerging Transport Technologies
• 10+ Mbps In-Building Wireless
• >100 Mbps Building-to-Building Broadband Wireless
• 10/100/1000 Auto-Sensing to the desktop in 2000
• 10 Gbps Ethernet
• Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
• Enhanced traffic management and QoS across all product lines
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Lastly… It Is About Selling Solutions
GlobalNetworkTechnology services
Award Winning Products
Network ManagementTools
Third Party / OEMProducts - Relationships
Cabletron’sCabletron’sSolutionsSolutions
1999 Cabletron Systems
Application Aware Networking
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Agenda
• Background and Drivers
• Layer 4 Switching
• SmartSwitch Router Features
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Directory
Voice over IP
Video over IP
Caching
Accounting
Firewall
Application Aware Networking
Business Apps
The Application Aware Network
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Enterprise Network - Drivers
• Access Horizon is changing - 10/100
• E-Commerce demands Reliability and Security
• Traffic Patterns are changing
– centralised server farms
– client/server, browser/server, client/client
– IP Multicast embedded in mainstream applications
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Enterprise Network - Drivers
• Converging Applications - Voice, Video, Data
– convergence but no request for delivery
– drives the QoS need
• Accountability
– validate and track network activity
– justification process
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Consider the Internet/Intranet
• Multiple Applications
– different services
• Convergence
• Unicast/Multicast
Browser Applications
HTTP FTP E-Mail Voice Video
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Consider the Internet/Intranet
• Is Layer 2 enough?
• No applicationdifferentiation
Browser Applications
MAC MAC MAC
HTTP FTP E-Mail Voice Video
00:00:1D:FE:56:AC
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Consider the Internet/Intranet
• Is layer 3 enough?
• No application differentiation
IP
Browser Applications
MAC
IP
MAC
IP
MAC
HTTP FTP E-Mail Voice Video
134.141.50.4
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Consider the Internet/Intranet
• Application Aware
• The basis of
– QoS
– Service Levels
– Security
– Accounting
IP
TCP/UDP
Browser Applications
MAC
IP
MAC
UniquePortsTCP/UDP
IP
MAC
HTTP FTP E-Mail Voice Video
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Application Aware - QoS
• Class Based
• Static QoS Definitions
• Consider VoIPSAPBAANOracleWeb
RealPlayerNetshowVideo Voice - H323E-MailFTP
SNMPDNSLDAP
Netw
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Ban
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Application Aware - QoS
• Flow Based Bandwidth
• Static or Dynamic
• Specify in Kilobits/Sec
• Classify against Port or Layer 4 flow
Granular Flows
64Kbps from a particular Port
128Kbps from a specific Host
30Mbps for H323 Voice
2Mbps for the CEO using SAP-R3N
etw
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Ban
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The Traditional Router
• Software/Microprocessor based systems
– serial forwarding
• Performance and Functionality - Mutually Exclusive
• High Latency
• Expensive
• Future - looks bleak
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The Traditional Switch
• ASIC Based Systems
– Parallel Forwarding
• High Performance
• Low Latency
• Too little control? Limited scalability?
• Future - Secured as access device
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Next Generation - Prerequisites
• Wire-speed
• Low Latency
• Scalability
• Application - Differentiation, Isolation, QoS
• Security
• Accounting
• The enabling technology…...
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Layer 4 - Switching
• “The ability to Switch and Track packets using layer 3 and layer 4 information - at wire-speed”
• Benefits
– Resource allocation at the application layer
• Aligns network with applications
– Security at the application layer
– Accounting at the application layer
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Layer-4 Enabled QoSDesktop Conferencing,Distance Learning
Mission-Critical Applications
Voice
File Transfer,E-Mail
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Layer-4 Switching
• Usually QoS & security benefits are provided when crossing Layer-3 subnet boundaries
• The SSR’s Layer-4 switching architecture allows it to provide QoS and security in a Layer-2 domain while remaining standards based
• No other switch has this feature. Other switches rely on Layer-2 solutions such as 802.1p.
Only Cabletron can provide end-to-end QoS and security!
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IP Src IP Dest TOS Protocol Src sock Dest sockIP Src IP Dest TOS Protocol Src sock Dest sock TCP/UDPTCP/UDP
Dest Dest Dest Source Source Source Dest Dest Dest Source Source Source Net Node Socket Net Node SocketNet Node Socket Net Node Socket
IP Layer-4 FlowIP Layer-4 Flow
IPX Layer-4 FlowIPX Layer-4 Flow
Access C
on
trol
Access C
on
trol
Accou
ntin
g (R
MO
N2)
Accou
ntin
g (R
MO
N2)
Qu
ality
of S
erv
ice
Qu
ality
of S
erv
ice
Congestion
Security
Managem
entSolvesSolvesSolvesSolves
L4 Switching Delivers Wire-speed Functionality
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IP Src IP Dest TOS Protocol Src sock Dest sockIP Src IP Dest TOS Protocol Src sock Dest sock TCP/UDPTCP/UDP
Dest Dest Dest Source Source Source Dest Dest Dest Source Source Source Net Node Socket Net Node SocketNet Node Socket Net Node Socket
IP Layer-4 FlowIP Layer-4 Flow
IPX Layer-4 FlowIPX Layer-4 Flow
Access C
on
trol
Access C
on
trol
Accou
ntin
g (R
MO
N2)
Accou
ntin
g (R
MO
N2)
Qu
ality
of S
erv
ice
Qu
ality
of S
erv
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XXXOnly processes Only processes this informationthis information
Layer 3 Switching - “Packet Forwarding Only”
1999 Cabletron Systems
SmartSwitch Router: Overview
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Next Generation Enterprise Backbones(The five requirements for backbone switching (The five requirements for backbone switching routers)routers)
PerformancePerformancePerformancePerformance Wirespeed, independent of Wirespeed, independent of mediamedia
FullFullFunctionalityFunctionality
FullFullFunctionalityFunctionality Security, QoS, AccountingSecurity, QoS, Accounting
CapacityCapacityCapacityCapacity Large Route/MAC/Flow Large Route/MAC/Flow TablesTables
PricePricePricePrice Approaching that of L2 Approaching that of L2 SwitchesSwitches
ManageabilityManageabilityManageabilityManageability Quality Instrumentation (RMON2, Quality Instrumentation (RMON2, SNMP)SNMP)
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The Enabling TechnologyWire-speed Layer-4 Flow SwitchingWire-speed Layer-4 Flow Switching
DefinitionDefinitionDefinitionDefinition Ability to classify, process and forward, layer-4 application conversations at wire-speedwire-speed
BenefitBenefitBenefitBenefitProvide security, allocate QoS, collect statistics and perform accounting at the transport layer, at wire-speedwire-speed
ImplementationImplementationImplementationImplementation Custom high speed ASICs for packet processing and routing
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The SSR Family
SSR 2000
New low cost, enterprise desktop switch for the power workgroup
SSR 8000
Existing high performance, high function switch router for the enterprise
SSR 8600
New high density, wire-speed switch router for enterprise collapsed backbone and wiring closet applications
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Recent Awards
““Hot Product - Backbone Switch”Hot Product - Backbone Switch” - - Data CommunicationsData Communications January 1999 January 1999
““Best of the Best”Best of the Best” - - InternetWeek MagazineInternetWeek Magazine December 21, 1998 December 21, 1998
““Product of the Year - Network Equipment Router”Product of the Year - Network Equipment Router” - - CTI MagazineCTI Magazine December 15, 1998December 15, 1998
““Best of Breed”Best of Breed” - - InternetWeek MagazineInternetWeek Magazine November 30, 1998 November 30, 1998
““Most Fully Featured Layer-3 Switch”Most Fully Featured Layer-3 Switch” - - Mier CommunicationsMier Communications November 19, 1998November 19, 1998
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SmartSwitch Router 2000
• Features
– 8 Gbps, Up to 32 ports
– 16 10/100 fixed, 2 option slots
– Policy based QoS to the desktop,
– Comprehensive security
– Detailed accounting
– Multicast support
– Directory Services
• Key Applications
– L2/L4 Workgroup Switch
– Load Balancing Server Farm Switch
– Small Enterprise Router
WAN
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Preview: SmartSwitch Router 2008
• Features
– 8 Gbps, 8.5 Million pps
– 8 fixed ports of 1000Base-SX
– Policy based QoS
– Comprehensive security
– Detailed accounting
– Multicast support
– Directory Services
• Key Applications
– L3/L4 Workgroup Aggregation Switch
– Load Balancing Server Farm Switch
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SmartSwitch Router 8000
• Features
– 16 Gbps, 15 Million Packets per Second
– Maximum capacity of 56-ports
– DS-1 through Gigabit Ethernet
– Full function enterprise/ISP routing
– Wire-speed application level QoS, Security, Accounting
– Full redundancy
• Key Applications
– Enterprise Core and/or WAN Edge
– Internet access routers, DSLAMs, headends
– High-availability server farm aggregation
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SmartSwitch Router 8600
• Features
– 32 Gbps, 34 Million Packets per Second
– Up to 120 ports total
– DS-1 through Gigabit Ethernet
– Full function enterprise/ISP routing
– Wire-speed application level QoS, Security, Accounting
– Full redundancy
• Key Applications
– Enterprise Wiring Closet L2
– Server Farm Aggregation
– Enterprise Core/WAN Routing Switch
– Internet Access Aggregation
– Internet Aggregate Routing Switch
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SmartSwitch Router 32000• NEBS Level 3 compliant
• 16 blades– 14 I/O blades
– 1 Control Module or I/O slot
– 1 Control Module
• 2 Switching Fabrics– 64 Gbps, 70 Mpps
• Removable, serviceable external clocking module
• Redundant Power Supply– 110 /240 VAC
– -48V DC
• Front, middle or rear rack mountable
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WAN Interfaces• 2 and 4 Port Serial (T1/E1)
• Hardware Compression– Stac Electronics LZS & Microsoft’s MPPC
– Available on the 4 port serial only
– Hardware Encryption up to 168-bit keys (includes parity)
– DES, Triple DES, RC-4, MD-5
– PPP ECP initially w/ IPSec as a software upgrade
– Available on the 4 port serial only
• 2 Port HSSI (T3/E3)
• Supporting…– PPP and Frame Relay
– Extensive per PVC/SVC Traffic Shaping
– Weighted Random Early Detection - WRED
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New SmartSwitch Router Line Cards• Gigabit Ethernet
– Single port 15-70km Gigabit Ethernet
– Dual port 1000Base-SX– Dual port 1000Base-LX
• SONET (PPP & HDLC encaps)– Quad port OC-3c
• 32 MB buffering per port– Dual port OC-12c
• 64 MB buffering per port• ATM
– Dual port Multi-service ATM• T1/E1, T3/E3 and OC-3c
– Quad port OC-3c– Dual port OC-12c
• CMTS– 4 port upstream, 1 port
downstream DOCSIS compliant cable modem termination blade
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1 port 70km Gigabit Ethernet
70km Gigabit Ethernet
• Allows extended reach capabilities far beyond the current 5km maximum provided by the standard
• Enables gigabit performance for large campus and metropolitan access networks
• More cost effective and easier to implement than SONET based technologies for dark fiber applications
• Available for shipment in Q1’99
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SSR Common Technology
• Full function wire-speed switching and wire-speed IP/IPX Routing
• Full Layer-4 Switching enabling
– End to End QoS, security and accounting at wire-speed
• Common software image
– Easy software upgrades, easy management
• Common line card technology
– Speeds time to market ensures backward compatibility
• Common management platform: SPECTRUM, CoreWatch
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Complete Routing/Switching Functionality
IP MulticastIP Multicast
Port/ProtocolVLANs
Port/ProtocolVLANs
IP UnicastIP Unicast
RIPRIPRIPRIP OSPFOSPFOSPFOSPF BGP-4BGP-4BGP-4BGP-4 RIPRIPRIPRIP SAPSAPSAPSAP DVMRPDVMRPDVMRPDVMRP PIM-DMPIM-DMPIM-DMPIM-DM PIM-SMPIM-SMPIM-SMPIM-SM
IPX UnicastIPX Unicast
802.1p802.1pQoSQoS
802.1p802.1pQoSQoS
802.1Q802.1QTrunkingTrunking802.1Q802.1Q
TrunkingTrunkingIGMPIGMP
SnoopingSnoopingIGMPIGMP
SnoopingSnooping802.1d802.1d
STPSTP802.1d802.1d
STPSTP SmartTrunkSmartTrunkSmartTrunkSmartTrunk
DHCPDHCPDHCPDHCP
RSVPRSVPRSVPRSVP
IP QoS/NATIP QoS/NATDiff-servDiff-servDiff-servDiff-serv ServerServerArrayArray
ServerServerArrayArray
VRRPVRRPVRRPVRRP
1999 Cabletron Systems
Hardware Architecture
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L2
PHY
L3
L2
PHY
L3
L2
PHY
L3
L2
PHY
L3
L2
PHY
L3
L2
PHY
L3
L2
PHY
L3
Switching FabricSwitching Fabric
R5000
FlashCard
10BseT DUART
Mai
n M
emor
y
EE Prom
Slot 1Slot 1Slot 1Slot 1
Slot 2Slot 2Slot 2Slot 2
Slot 3Slot 3Slot 3Slot 3 Slot 4Slot 4
Slot 4Slot 4
Slot 5Slot 5Slot 5Slot 5
Slot 6Slot 6Slot 6Slot 6
Slot 7Slot 7Slot 7Slot 7 Slot 8Slot 8
Slot 8Slot 8
ControlModule
LineCard
LineCard
LineCard
LineCard
LineCard
LineCard
LineCard
Distributed Routing Architecture
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Distributed Input/Output Processing
Bridgeor
Route
Bridgeor
Route
L2 DatabaseL2 Database
Arb
iter
Arb
iter
PriorityPriorityPriorityPriority AccountingAccountingAccountingAccounting FiltersFiltersFiltersFilters Encaps & QueuingEncaps & Queuing
Dem
ux
Dem
ux
EncapsEncapsEncapsEncaps QoSQoSQoSQoSCrossbarCrossbarL3/L4 DatabaseL3/L4 Database
PriorityPriorityPriorityPriority AccountingAccountingAccountingAccounting FiltersFiltersFiltersFilters
Input ProcessingInput Processing
Output ProcessingOutput Processing
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Flow & Table Management
Bridgeor
Route
Bridgeor
Route
L2 DatabaseL2 Database
Arb
iter
Arb
iter
PriorityPriorityPriorityPriority
AccountingAccountingAccountingAccounting
FiltersFiltersFiltersFilters
Encaps & QueuingEncaps & Queuing
Dem
uxD
emux EncapsEncaps
EncapsEncapsQoSQoS
QoSQoSCrossbarCrossbarL3/L4 Database
L3/L4 Database
PriorityPriorityPriorityPriority
AccountingAccountingAccountingAccounting
FiltersFiltersFiltersFilters
Input ProcessingInput Processing
Output ProcessingOutput Processing
BridgingBridgingBridgingBridging VLANsVLANsVLANsVLANs RoutingRoutingRoutingRoutingAccessAccessControlControl
AccessAccessControlControl
QoSQoSPolicyPolicyQoSQoS
PolicyPolicy
RMON/RMON/RMON2RMON2
RMON/RMON/RMON2RMON2
CPUCPU ModuleModule
FirstPacket
SubsequentPackets
Flow classification and distribution is better than 25,000 flows per second
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Crossbar
• 2.0 Gbps per channel (SSR8000/8600)
• 4 priority queues per input and output channel
• Packet switching
• Overspeed
• Overflow at output buffers
• Avoid Head Of Line - look 4 deep per queue
• Multicast packets replicated in hardware
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Multicast SupportOutputModuleOutputModule
OutputModuleOutputModule
OutputModuleOutputModule
Switch FabricSwitch Fabric
InputModuleInput
Module
Efficient packet replication via switch
fabric
QoS ensures priority
Expanding Ring TTL Support
• Standards based Multicast supportStandards based Multicast support
– IGMP v2 (seamless integration with IGMP v2 (seamless integration with workstations/servers)workstations/servers)
– DVMRP v3DVMRP v3
– PIM-DM, PIM-SMPIM-DM, PIM-SM
• ACLs screen out hosts which attempt to ACLs screen out hosts which attempt to join certain multicast groupsjoin certain multicast groups
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QoS - Packet Classification(Four Classes of Service)
Line Speed Gigabit Input StreamsLine Speed Gigabit Input Streams
AS
IC based Layer-3/4
AS
IC based Layer-3/4
Packet C
lassifierP
acket Classifier
Buffer QueuesBuffer Queues
Switch FabricSwitch Fabric
Layer-3: Layer-4 flows mapped to CoS
Layer-2: 802.1p priority mapped to CoS
Control Priority
High Priority
Medium Priority
Low Priority
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QoS - Multiple Prioritization Schemes
AS
IC based P
acketA
SIC
based Packet
Encapsulating E
ngine E
ncapsulating Engine
Switch FabricSwitch Fabric
Weighted Fair Queuing (ex. 25% per queue)
Line Speed 100 Mbps StreamsLine Speed 100 Mbps Streams
Strict Priority Queuing
Buffer QueuesBuffer Queues
Buffer QueuesBuffer Queues
Dual MACDual MAC
Layer-3: TOS/DiffServ Packet MarkingLayer-3: TOS/DiffServ Packet Marking
Layer-2: 802.1p Packet MarkingLayer-2: 802.1p Packet Marking
Control Priority
High Priority
Medium Priority
Low Priority
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Per Flow Committed Access Rate (CAR)(Rate Limiting)
H
F
H
F
HH H
F
e
H
F
Buffer QueuesBuffer Queues Switch FabricSwitch Fabric
HTTP Flow
FTP Flow
eMail Flow
Buffer QueuesBuffer Queues
AS
IC Layer-3/4
AS
IC Layer-3/4
Packet C
lassifierP
acket Classifier
H
F
H
F
HH H
F
e
HHTTP Flow
FTP Flow
eMail Flow
H H H H H H
F F
e
F F F
Excess bandwidth discarded
CAR can be performed onCAR can be performed on - per port - per port - per flow(s) - per flow(s) - per application(s) - per application(s) - per host(s) - per host(s)in kilobits per secondin kilobits per second
Control Priority
High Priority
Medium Priority
Low Priority
Excess Bandwidth reprioritized to a lower priority
H
H
e
H H H H H
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Random Early Detection (RED)• Maximizes throughput under congestive
conditions
• Provides fair bandwidth reduction between host connections thru implicit notification (dropped packets)
• Works for TCP only, use CAR for UDP
• Intelligently differentiates between transient bursts and excessive offered load
• Avoids TCP slow start oscillations
• Reduces overall nodal latency
Minimum Threshold
Maximum Threshold D
rop Probability
Drop A
ll
Qu
eu
e D
ep
th
Time
Avg. QueueDepth
Weighted RED (WRED) is RED policies per QueueWeighted RED (WRED) is RED policies per Queue
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Key Redundancy FeaturesFully hot swappable with redundant Control Modules and Switch Fabrics
Any number of links can be aggregated (ex. 7 Gig Ethernet links = 14 Gbps BW)
Mix and match link speeds for incremental bandwidth
Aggregate links with SmartTRUNK
5509550955095509
Fully Interoperable with Cisco’s Fast Etherchannel and other Server trunking protocols
Superior balancing based on flows rather than MAC address
Can balance flows using “round robin” or link utilization algorithms
VRRP Standby Router
VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) protects clients using default gateways
Equal Cost Multipath OSPF can multiply the effective bandwidth over 4 paths
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Web Hosting with Gigabit EthernetServer Array Load-balancing based on Layer 4 Application traffic: round robin, server utilization, server availability
Jumbo Frame Support with hardware IP Fragmentation support to lower MTU interfaces (“Don’t Fragment” bit not set)
Large Packet Buffering to insure zero packet loss under any conditions
Add a F5 Labs BIGip Server Array controller for added load balancing functionality
Layer-4 Quality of Service and Access Control Lists plus support for Diff-serv
Full RMON I & RMON II Supported along with LFAP for Accounting
Transparent Web Caching: Redirect HTTP requests to a Web cache server
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Gigabit Ethernet Metro Networks
Up to 70 kilometersUp to 70 kilometers
Long distances supported over high-performance, simple to manage gigabit ethernet links
No route cache, full route tables loaded on line card (up to 200,000). Allows for non-stop, wire-speed routing
Layer-4 Control to provide Quality of Service & Access Control as well as modifying the IP TOS/Diff-serv field
Accounting can be performed either per-flow or by prefix and next hop
SmartTrunk allows for parallel, load-balanced paths with fast failover. Layer-4 keeps the packets in order
Equal Cost Multipath Routing balances the load (up to 4 equal cost routes)
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Core IP Routing over SONET No route cache, full route tables loaded on line card (up to 200,000). Allows for non-stop, wire-speed routing
Equal Cost Multipath Routing balances the load (up to 4 equal cost routes)
Layer-4 Control to provide Quality of Service & Access Control as well as modifying the IP TOS/Diff-serv field
Like the Gigabit Ethernet modules, SONET cards also support Weighted Fair Queuing & Weighted Random Early Detection to prevent congestive collapse as well as guaranteeing bandwidth
Supports PPP, MLPPP & HDLC encapsulations
Support of 1:1 SONET APS to protect against fiber cuts/outages
Secondary
Secondary
SONETSONETRingRing
SONETSONETRingRing
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Core IP Routing over ATM
Support for Classical IP & RFC 1483
Support for UBR, VBR, CBR & TM 4.0
Future support for Multi-Protocol Label Swapping as a software upgrade
Higher density OC-3c & OC-12c lower the cost for high-speed LAN & WAN services
LANE 2.0 & MPC enhance support for LAN connectivity
PPP over ATM support allows for supporting DSLAM termination and value added xDSL services
Multi-service ATM module allows for connections to: T1/E1, T3/E3 and OC-3c pipes using modular phys
ATMATM
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SmartSwitch Router Cable Modem TerminationProvides integrated headend solution
Allows deployment of other services from same headend chassis
Easily scales to add new subscribers
Application level QoS at wire speed
DOCSISv1.0 support Compatible with residential cable modemsDOCSIS v1.1 support QoS and CBR needed for VoIP and Enterprise applications
Enhanced RF Signal Analysis for SPECTRUM
SPECTRUM Support Allows central configuration and control of regional headend CMTS; cable modem authentication and management
SONETSONETRingRing
Broad range up WAN/LAN uplink support
HFCHFC
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Cabletron Solutions
3rd Wave Enterprise Solutions
Small Business Medium Business Large Business
• SmartSwitch Router 2000 for integrated high-performance LAN and WAN access
•SmartSTACK for low-cost expansion
• Core Watch and SPEL Management
• SmartSTACK for low cost links
•SmartSwitch Router 100/200 for a full suite of remote access choices
•Web Management
• SmartSwitch 6000 for high-density wiring closets
•SmartSwitch Router for Network Core/WAN edge
•SmartSwitch Router 100/200, 500 and 2000 family for WAN
• SPECTRUM Management
INTERNET
CABLE
DSL
ISDN
3rd Wave Service Provider Solutions
Hosting Virtual Private Networks
• SSR 100/200 for small business, telecommuters, small offices
•VPN over ISDN, DSL and cable
•SSR 500/700 for branch offices
•SSR 2000/8000/8600/32000 with performance & QoS for future Gigabit-class VPN
• SmartSwitch Routers for high performance, high density load balancing, accounting, web-caching
•SmartSwitch 6000 for redundant, high density, feature rich layer-2 infrastructure components
• SmartSwitch Router 100 for ISDN
•SmartSwitch Router 250 for ADSL
•SmartSwitch Router 245 for Cable or DSL access
•SmartSwitch Router 265 for Cable access
Extranet
SACSmartSwitch
6000r
SmartSwitch Router
SAC
SAC
SAC
Internet WAN
CarrierBackbone
Small Office Home Office Sites
Corporate and Branch Sites
Internet
CarrierBackbone
DSL DSLDSL
SSR 520
SSR 520
SSR 265
SSR 250
SSR 100
Large Business
SSR 100
INTERNET
CABLE
Home Office
ISDN
DSL
SSR 250
SSR 245
SSR 265
Modem
Branch Office
Broadband “last-mile”
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Content Hosting
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Market Need• Eight reasons Internet Traffic Management Products are
needed:
1. Computers fail
2. Single computers aren’t big enough
3. Computers are not equal
4. Site popularity varies
5. Not all requests are equally important
6. Bad things happen
7. Networks are expensive - disks are cheap
8. The internet is flaky
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ITM Market Projection
Worldwide ITM Products Market, 1998-2002
0200
400600
8001000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Calendar Year
$M
Enterprise
Publishing
e-Commerce
Portal
ISP Hosting
Source: Collaborative Research 1999
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Market Dynamics
"Five years from now, if you're a CIO, you won't be buying from a vendor anymore… You'll rent all your resources from a service provider."
Scott McNealy, CEO Sun Microsystems
ASPISP
Internet Service Provider
Application Service Provider
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Content Hosting Solutions• Customer Business Needs
– Reliable, high-performance access to web-based mission-critical applications
– Fully utilize server capacity– Secure network boundary lines– Enforced network policies for assigned
user
• Cabletron’s Network Solutions– Scaleable high performance
SmartSwitch Router solutions for high speed access and switching
– Cabletron’s BIG/ip server load balancer for non-stop server availability
– Distributed load balancing for remote site coordination
– Nokia Firewall for secure access and data protection
– SPECTRUM IP traffic accounting for billing and capacity planning
Intranet
Extranet
BIG/ip
SmartSwitch Router
SmartSwitch Router
BIG/ip
BIG/ip
BIG/ip
Internet WAN
Nokia
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Content Hosting Solutions
• Cabletron’s Advantage
– High-performance, Layer 3 and 4 switching router for high available, redundant server access
– Highly scalable solution: form the smallest ISP to the largest carrier
– Router based Firewall for secure access access serving internal and external users
– Wide area routing for internet and remote user access
– Accounting application for billing and capacity planning
– Advanced local and distributed server load balancing for non-stop operation
• Customer Business Benefits
– Increase revenue opportunities by providing outsourced hosted services
– Optimize server utilization with sophisticated load balancing
– Improve customer return rates by distributed load balancing and localized content
– Reduce equipment and management costs by combining routing, switching and WAN in one box
– Scaleable solutions to grow as subscribers and bandwidth demands increase
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Content Hosting Solution Sets
• Small POP Content Hosting Site
– e.g. local ISP
• Medium POP Content Hosting Site
– e.g. regional ISP
• Large POP Content Hosting Site
– e.g. national ISP
• Distributed Content Hosting
– e.g. international ISP
• ISP Traffic Accounting
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Small POP Content Hosting Solution
• Customer Business Need
– Small hosting site
– Minimum amount of equipment due to limited space
– High security for e-commerce
– 10-100 Mb/s performance
• Cabletron’s Network Solution
– SmartSwitch Router 8000 with WAN card and BGP for Interent connection
– Nokia IP440 Firewall/Router
– SmartSwitch Router 8000 with LSNAT load balancing support
– 10 or 100 FE LAN connections
Internet
LSNAT group10/100
BGP domain
T1/T3
Web Content/Application Servers
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Small POP Content Hosting Solution
• Cabletron Advantage– WAN and BGP in Switch/Router
– Industry leading firewall support (Checkpoint FireWall-1)
– Industry leading 16M pps Switch/Routing performance (SSR 8000)
– Comprehensive set of load balancing algorithms (LSNAT)
– Traffic prioritization and rate shaping/flow limiting
– Scaleable solution that can grow with the service provider
• Customer Business Benefits– Increased productivity and
reliability I.e. more uptime
– Security for Extranet and Intranet applications
– Reduced cost of ownership from better utilization of resources
– Reduced equipment cost from integration of switch and router platforms into one box
– Reduced Management costs from policy based usage and accounting
– Offer differentiated services
– Higher customer return rate
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Medium POP Content Hosting Solution• Customer Business Need
– Redundant & scalable content hosting solution
– High security for e-commerce
– 100 -1000 Mb/s performance
• Cabletron’s Network Solution
– Dual Nokia IP440 or 650 Firewall/Router
– SmartSwitch Router 8600 with dual VLANs
– Dual BIG/ip for redundant load balancing
– 100 FE or 1000 GbE LAN connections
Internet
Web Content/Application Servers
VLAN 1
VLAN 2
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Mega POP Content Hosting Solution• Customer Business Need
– Fully redundant & scalable hosting solution
– Multiple security domains for hosted sites & applications
– >1000 Mb/s performance and low delay
• Cabletron’s Network Solution– Multiple Nokia IP440 or 650
Firewall/Router
– SmartSwitch Router 8600 with dual VLANs
– Multiple BIG/ip for redundant load balancing
– 100 FE or 1000 GbE LAN connections
GbE
Internet
BGPdomain
10/100
10/100
GbE
abc.com xyz.com
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Mega POP Content Hosting Solution
• Cabletron Advantage– WAN and BGP in Switch
– Policy Based Routing for multiple Firewall support
– Industry leading firewall support (Checkpoint FireWall-1)
– Industry leading 32M pps Switch/Routing performance (SSR 8600)
– Full set of load balancing algorithms (BIG/ip)
– Automatic failover with watchdog cards and VRRP
– Traffic prioritization and rate shaping/flow limiting
• Customer Business Benefits– Increased productivity and
reliability I.e. more uptime
– Security for Extranet and Intranet applications
– Higher customer return rate from better utilization of resources
– Reduced equipment cost from integration of switch and router platforms into one box
– Increased revenue opportunities from IP usage and accounting statistics
– Ability to offer differentiated services
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Why Policy based Routing is required
• TCP ACK goes through firewall to server
• Server side switch must ensure TCP SYN goes back thru same firewall to preserve state context
• Use the Least Significant Bit of IP address to determine:
– odd addresses go left
– even addresses go right
• Can scale for for more bits e.g. 2, 3, 4 for more firewalls
TCP-ACK TCP-ACK
TCP-SYNTCP-SYN
xx-xx-xx-x1 xx-xx-xx-x0
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Internal Product PositioningFeature BIG/ip SSR w/ LSNAT
Target Market Service Providers Enterprise/Campus
HighAvailabiltyFeatures
Content verification Checks server, application
and content operation VRRP Hot Bypass
Load Sharing NAT (LSNAT) VRRP Dual PSU
LoadBalancingFeatures
Round Robin, Priority RatioObserved, Predictive, Least orFastest Connections,
Round Robin, Weighted RR,Least Loaded, Weighted LL
Persistence Session ID and SSL Source IP, Mask, Node Destination (caching)
None
Security Filtering, Default Deny,SSH/SSL, Trace Routing, IPAddress check, NAT, ACL
As per SSR 3.0
DistributedSolution
Integrates with 3DNS None
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IP Accounting - The TechnologyDavid Delcourt
Advanced Applications Manager
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Accounting & Planning
• Enterprise & Public Services– Planning and Resource Allocation
– Quality of Service Association
– Expense Appropriation
• ISP & Telco– Service Billing
– New Service Deployment
• Out-Source– Service Billing
– Service Level Proof of Delivery
• So many businesses want to understand their communications ‘profiles’
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Monitoring and Feedback
• Traffic Accounting
– Cost effective way to baseline traffic flows
– Long term network usage recording
– Traffic and Resource reporting
• Reporting by
– Individual
– Department
– Application
• Local or Wide Area Network reporting
• Cost effective, highly accurate business reporting tool
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IP Traffic Accounting
• Expense Appropriation• Bill departments or groups
• Usage reports for users
• Aggregate bandwidth consumption by application
• Capacity and growth planning
• Reporting• Reports can be generated and emailed on a scheduled interval.
• Daily, weekly, and monthly reports for each user, department, or company.
• Report activity of critical resources such as file servers, mail servers, and database servers.
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Component Parts of Accounting
• Cabletron Traffic Accountant (CTA)
– Interrogating, Viewing and Storing Data
• Flow Accounting Server (FAS)
– Data Collector
• SmartSwitch Router
– Infrastructure
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Cabletron Traffic Accountant
• The Cabletron Traffic Accountant, CTA, performs many tasks– Aggregation
• The CTA receives files from the FAS and looks at the SIP/DIP pairs as well as Source/Destination Ports to determine conversations
• Many flows then get “aggregated” down to a single entry in the database
– Integration• After the Aggregation is done, the information must be entered into the database
• Costing and Directory matching is done at this time as well
– Reports and Queries• There are over 30 different prepared reports and queries that can be run against
the data
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Flow Accounting Server
• The Flow Accounting Server, FAS, provides several key features
– Scalable• The FAS can accept up to 8000 LFPS messages per second
• The FAS organises the messages by source SSR and Flow ID
– Fault Tolerant• The FAS can be Primary for one group of Smart Switch Routers and also be
Secondary for another group of SSR’s
• When an SSR must switch from a Primary to a Secondary FAS, the Flow ID is the unique identifier to keep track of the flow status
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SmartSwitch Router
• The SmartSwitch Router, SSR, is a required element of the Accounting model
• The SSR has a Lightweight Flow Accounting Protocol, LFAP, agent embedded in firmware
– Part of firmware version 2.0.0.0 and later
– LFAP is a TCP orientated protocol that “pushes” flow information from the SSR to the FAS
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Accounting ‘Element’ Model
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Traffic Differentiation Model
Layer 4 Capabilitiesattract a wider customer
audience
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Deployment Architecture
FAS FAS
SSR SSR SSR SSR SSR SSR
CTA
LFAP
FTP
Backup FAS’s
SPARC/Solaris 2.5.1
PC/NT 4.0
FAS
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Typical Schema
FASPrimary Policy
Accounting
CTA
FASPolicy
Accounting
FASPolicy
Accounting
FASPolicy
Accounting
SSRSSR SSRSSR
AcctPolicy
Acct Acct Acct
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ISP Traffic Accounting Solution
• Customer Business Need
– Understand network traffic patterns for capacity planning
– Bill customers for application usage
– Understand application usage
• Cabletron’s Network Solution
– SmartSwitch Router 8000/8600
– Flow Accounting Server (Sun Ultra application
– Cabletron Traffic Accountant (NT application)
Internet
Web Content/Application
Servers
LFAP
Flow Accounting
Server (FAS)
Cabletron Traffic Accountant
(CTA)
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ISP Traffic Accounting Solution
• Cabletron Advantage– Industry leading 32M pps
Switch/Routing performance while collecting stats (SSR)
– Industry unique application flow recording (SSR/FAS)
– Industry unique LFAP based data collection aggregator (FAS)
– Customer and standard report templates for capacity planning & billing (CTA)
– Exception reporting for abnormal usage notification
– Performance reports for capacity planning
• Customer Business Benefits– Reduced cost of ownership from
better utilization of resources
– Reduced equipment cost by provisioning for real application volume
– Reduced Management costs from policy based usage and accounting
– Increased revenue from understanding application use and streamlining e-commerce traffic
– Increased performance from identifying network hogs
– Ability to bill or charge-back for server use
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Summary
• Cabletron Systems are leading the industry for
– Policy
– Directory
– Accounting
• Cabletron Systems has a complete set of services and solutions, not just one off products or concepts
• Cabletron Systems has the hardware platforms ie. SmartSwitch and SmartSwitch Routers to run these services
• We have the Channel & Partners to deliver to our customers
