16. Ortner -Resistance and Ethnographic Refusal

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     Society for Comparative Studies in Society and History and Cambridge University Press are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Comparative Studies in Society and History.

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    Society for omparative Studies in Society and History

    Resistance and the Problem of Ethnographic Refusal

    Author(s): Sherry B. OrtnerSource: Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 37, No. 1 (Jan., 1995), pp. 173-193Published by: Cambridge University PressStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/179382Accessed: 07-03-2016 15:40 UTC

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    R e t n c e n d t h e Pr ob e m

      ofEthnogrphcRefu

     SHERRYBORTNER

    U n v er t y o f C f o r n B er ke e y

    T h e y t r ce t h e ef fe ct o f w h t c e th no gr p h c re fu o n e r e o f

    t u d e u r ro un d n g th e u b e c t of r e t n c e r g ue t h t m n y o f t he m o t

      n f u en t t u d e o f r e t n c e r e e ve re y m t e d b y th e c k o f n e t h

    n og r p h c p er p e ct v e R e t n c e t u d e n t u rn r e m e n t to t n d n f o r

    g re t d e o f n t er d c p n r y w or k b e ng d o ne t h e e d y w t h n n d c ro

    t he o c c e nc e h t or y t er t ur e c u tu r t ud e n d o f or th

    E th no gr p h y o f co ur e m e n m n y t h n g M n m y h o w ev er t h

    w y m e n t th e t t e mp t t o un de r t n d n o t he r f e w o r d u n g t h e e f

     m u ch o f t p o b e t he n t ru me n t of k n ow n g A b y n ow w d e y

    k no wn e t h no gr p h y h c om e u nd er g r e t d e o f n te rn c r t c m w t h n

    n th ro po o g y ov er t h e p t d e c d e o r o b u t th m n m d e f n t on h n ot

     f o r themo tp r t be en ch en ge d

     C c y t h k n d of u nd er t n d ng h b ee n c o e y n k ed w t h f e d

    w or k n w h c h th e w ho e e f p h y c y n d n e v e ry o t he r w y e n te r t h e

      pc e o f th ew o r dth e r e e r ch e r e ek t o un de r tn d Y e tmp c t nmuch o f

    t h e re ce nt d c u o n o f e th no gr p h y o me th n g w h t o m k e e xp c t

     h e re t h t t he e th no gr p h c t n ce w e m y c t m uc h n n t e e ct u

      n d m or p o t o n t y c on t r uc t v e n d n t e rp r et v e m od e t

    b od y p r oc e n p c e n d t me T h u n r ec en t u ef u d c u o n of

    e th no gr p h y n d t h e h t o r c m g n t o n J oh n n d J e n C o m ro ff p en d

    r e t v e y t t e t m e o n et h no gr p h y n t h e e n e o f f e d w o rk b u t g re t d e

     o f t m e on w y o f r e d n g h t o r c o ur ce e th no gr p h c y t h t p r t y

      ftheyh dbeenproducedthroughfed work1992

     Wh t th en th e e thn o gr ph c tn c ewh e th er b e dn f e d w o rk o r n o t ?

    1 A n e r e r n d v er y d f fe re nt v e r o n o f th e y w w r tt en f o r T h e H t o r c Tu rn

    C o nf e ren c e o rgn edbyT e r ren c eM cD o ndf o r th e Pr ogrm n th eC o mpr tve S t udyo f S oc

    T r n f or m t o n C SS T t t h e Un v e r t y o f M ch g n T he e x tr o r d n r y h g h e v e o f n

      g h tf u n e n d h e pf u n e o f c r t c c om m en t f r om m y c o e g u e n C S ST h b y n ow

     b e c om e m o t r ou t n e n d w h t o t h n k th em c o e c t v e y he re n d d t o n f or c o e n d

     de t e dr e dn g o f th e t e xt w h t o thnk Fr e der ckC o o pe r Fe r nndo C o ro n Nch o

    D r k V D n e G eo ff E e y R y G re w R og er R ou e W m S ew e J r J u e S ku r k A n n

     S t o e r n d th e e xce en t r e de r wh o r evew edth e r t c e f o r th o urn hve n c or por t e d

     m n y o f t he r u g ge t o n n d k no w t h t h v e g n o re d o m e t m y p e r F n y f o r v u b e

     c o mm en t w e f or t h e he ro c o b o f o rg n n g t he c o nf e re nc e w h e p e c y t o t h n k

     TerrenceMcDon d

     00104175/95/17920396$750+ 10?1995Socety forComprt veStudyofSocety ndH tory

     173

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     174SHERRYBORTNER

      t f r t n d f or em o t c om m t me nt t o w h t G ee rt h c e d t h c k ne t o

     pr oducn gunde r tn dngth r o ugh r chn e t e xtur e n dde t r th e r thn

      p r m o ny r e f n em e nt n d n t he e n e u e d b y m t h em t c n e e g n ce

      Th e f o rm th t e thn ogr ph c th ckn e h ve t k enhve o f c o ur e chnge d

    o ve r t m e T he re w t m e w he n t h ck ne w p er h p y no ny mo u w t h

    e x h u t v en e p ro du c n g th e m o t u nr e d b y d e t e d d e c r pt v e e th

      no gr phyo f t en f o o w edbyth e fmo u An oth e r Pot f r o mO dO r b knd

     o f o u rn r t c e L t e r t h c k ne c m e t o b e y n on y mo u w t h h o m t h e

      d e t h t o b e c t un de r t u d y w h g h y n t e gr t e d c u t u re n d t h t t w

     p o b e t o d e c r b e th e e nt r e y t em o r t e t f u y g r p t h e pr n c p e

     un der yng t

     H o m n t h e n e h o b ee n un de r t t c k fo r o me t m e n d m o t

      n thr o po o gt t o dyr e c ogn e bo th th eh ubr o f th eh o t cv o nndth e

      n nu me r b e g p n d f u r e n o c et e n c ud n g th e o c e d pr e

     mo de r o c e t e th tw e r em gn edt o bemo r en t e gr t e d n dwh o e thnw e

     f r gment e dmo de r Y e t w o udr gue th t th ckn e w th t r c e o f bo th

     e x h u t v e ne n d h o m r em n t t h e he r t o f t he e t hn og r p h c t n c e

     N ow d y u e o f th c kn e f o cu p r m r y o n u e o f r e t v e y ex h u

      t v e c on te x tu t o n G e or ge M r c u f or e x m p e e x m n e t he w y n

    w h ch e t hn og r p hy n t he o c n d u u y b o d y e n e m u t b e c on te x

    t u e d w t h n t he g o b p ro ce e o f t he w or d y t e m 1 9 86 A nd t h e

    C om r o ff e m ph e t h e ne ed w y t o c on te x tu e t h e d t p r o du c ed

     th ro ugh f e d w o rk nd r ch v r e e r chw thn th e f o rmo fpr c t c e w thn

    w h c h th ey t o ok h p e f t e xt r e t o be m o re t h n t e r ry t o po c t t er ed

      h r d f r omwh chw epr e umew o r d th eyhve t o be n cho r ed n th e

      pro c e e o f th e r pr oduc t on n th e o r bt o f c o nn ec t o nnd n fuenc e th t

    g v e th em f e n d fo rc e 1 9 92 34 M r th K p n n d Jo hn K e y o n t

     o n k n d o f de n t y o f c on te xt u t o n n t h e r c e b y r t c u t n g t he

    c h r ct er t c o f th e d o g c p c e w th n w h ch p o t c h t o ry m u t be

      e e n u nf o d n g 1 99 4

      f th e e thno gr ph c t n c e f o un de dc en t r yo n mo ngo th er thng o f

    c ou r e c om m tm en t to t h ck ne n d f t h ck ne h t k en n d t t k e

    m n y fo rm w h t m c n g et hn og r ph c r ef u n vo v e r ef u o f

    t h ck ne f u re o f ho m o r de n t y wh c h t e f m y t k e v r o u f or m

    T h t u dy t h e n b ou t o m e o f th e f or m o f e t hn og r p h c r ef u o me o f

     t c on e q ue nc e n d o m e o f t r e o n o rg n e d r o un d t he t o p c of

      re t n c e A f e w wo rd f r t t he n b ou t r e t n c e

     RESSTANCEANDDOMNATON

     O nc e u po n t m e r e t n c e w r e t v e y u n m b g uo u c t e g or y h f o f

     t h e e e m ng y m p e b n r y d o m n t o n v e r u r e t n c e D om n t o n w

    r e t v e y f xe d n d n t t u t on e d fo rm o f po we r r e t n c e w e e nt y

     o rg n e d o pp o t o n t o p ow er n t t u t on e d n t h w y T h b n r y b e g n

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    RESSTANCEANDETHNOGRAPHCREFUSAL175

     t o be r e fn ed butn ot bo h e dbyq ue t o nngbo th t e rm O n th e o nehnd

    F ou c u t f o r e x m p e 1 9 78 d r e w t t en t on t o e n t t u t on e d m o re

      pe r v ve n dmo re e ve r ydy f o rm o fpo we r o n th e o th er hnd J me S c ot t

      1 9 85 dr ew t t en t o n t o e o r gn ed mo re pe r v ve n dmo re e ve r ydy

     f o rm o f r e tn c eW th S c ot t den e t o n o f th en ot o n o f e ver ydyf o rm

     o f r e t n ce 1 98 5 n t u rn t h e q ue t o n o f w h t o r n ot r e t n c e

    b ec m e m u ch m o re c o mp c t ed 2 W h en p oo r m n t e f ro m r c h m n

     t h r e t n c e or m p y u rv v t r t eg y ? Th e q ue t o n r un t hr ou g h n

     en t r e c o e c t o n o f e y de vot e dt o e ver ydyf o rmo f r e tn c e S c o t tn d

     K e rk ve t 1 9 8 6 n ddf f e ren t uth o r t t empt t o n w er t n df f e r en twy

    M c h e A d f or e x m p e c o n t ru c t t yp o o gy o f f or m o f e v er yd y r e

    t n c e t h e be tt e r to h e p u p c e w h t w e r e e e n g 1 9 86 B r n F e g n

     c o nc ent r t e o n th e q ue t o n o f n t en t o n f r e t veyc o n c o u n t en t o n t o

     r e t n ot p r e en t t h e c t n ot o n e of r e t n c e 1 98 6 S t o th e r S t o e r

     1 9 86 C o o pe r 1 99 2 ugge t th t th e c t e go r yt e f n o t ver yh epf u ndth t

    t he m p o rt n t t h n g t o t t e nd t o v r e t y o f tr n f o rm t v e p r oc e e n

     wh ch thngdo ge t chnge d r e gr de o f th en t ent o n o f th e c t o r o r o f

    th e pr e enc e o f ve r ymxedn t ent o n

     n th e o n gr un mgh t gr eew th S t o e r n dC o ope r but f o r th emomen t

    t h nk r e t n ce e v en t t m o t m b gu ou r e o n b y u e fu c t e go ry

    f o n y b e c u e t h g h g h t t h e pr e e nc e n d p y o f p ow er n m o t f or m o f

     r e t o nhp ndc t v tyM o r e ove rw e r en o t r eq ur e dt o decde o n c en df o r

      w he th er n y g v en c t f t n to f x e d bo x c e d r e t n c e A M r x w e

    k ne w t h e n t en t on t e o f c t or e v o ve t h ro ug h p r x n d t he m e n n g o f

    t he c t c h n g e b o th f o r th e c t or n d f or t h e n y t n f c t t h e m b g u t y

    o f r e t n ce n d t he u b e ct v e m b v e nc e o f th e c t f or t h o e wh o e ng g e

      n t he m r e m o ng t he t h ng w h t o e mp h e n t h e y n r e t o n

      h po f po w e r th e do mnn t o f t enh o methngt o o f fe r n do me tme

    g r e t d e t ho ug h w y o f c ou r e t t he p r c e of c o nt n u n g n p o we r T h e

    u b or d n t e t hu h m n y g r ou n d f or m b v e n c e b o ut r e t n g t he r e

      t o n h p M o re ov er t h e re n ev e r n g e u n t r y u bo rd n t e f o n y n t h e

      m p e e n e t h t u b t e r n gr ou p r e n t er n y d v d e d b y g e g e n de r

      t t u n do the r f o rm o fdf f e ren ce n dth t o c c upn t o f d f f er n g ube c t

     p o t o n w h v e d f f er en t e v en o p po e d b u t t e g t m t e p e r p ec t v e

    o n t he t u t o n T h e q ue t o n o f w he th er e v en n g e p er o n u n t r y

    w b e d dr e ed t er n t h r tc e

    B ot h t he p y c h o og c m b v e n c e n d t h e o c c om p e x ty o f r e t n c e

     h ve be enn o te dby ever butn ot en o ugh o be r ver 3 B r n Fe gn t k

    b ou t b e ng c on t n t y b f f e d b y t h e co nt r d c to ry w y p e n t t k ed

    b ou t t he t e n n cy y t e m n g e ne r o r b o ut t h e r ow n r e t o n w t h p r t c u

     2 S c ot t w o f c ou r e d r w n g o n w e t h o f e r e r c h o r h p

     3 T h e n ot o n o f m b v e nc e h b ec om e c en tr t o c o on n d p o t c o on t ud e m or e

     g en er y n d w or th p p e r n t e f S ee f or e x m p e W H n k 1 98 6 n d H B h b h 1 98 5

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     176SHERRYB ORTNER

    r n d or d 1 98 6 92 M or eo ve r t h e pe n t o f C e nt r L u o n wh om

     Fegn tude dw e re pych o o gc yun c omfor t bew thbo th c t o f r e

     t n c e n d c t o f c o b or t o n

     Mnymen t kngt o mepr v t ey bo ut th e t r t e gem th eyue t o ur vve br ok e o f f

    t o y t h ey f o un d t he ft f r om t h e n d o r d w o rk n g f or t h e n d o r d g u r d r m

     d e n g e t c d t t ef u B u t w h t e e c o u d p e r on w t h c h d r en d o ? 1 98 6 93

    n d f fe re nt v e n C hr t n e P e e r Wh t e y t h t w e mu t d d n

    n ve nt or y o f e ve ry d y f or m o f p e n t c o b o r t o n t o b n ce o u r t o f

    e v er yd y f o rm o f p e n t r e t n ce b ot h e x t b ot h r e m p o rt n t

      1 98 6 5 6 S h e go e o n t o pr e en t e xmpe f r ompo t r e vo ut o n r yV e tnm

    o f v r y n g n ce b et we en e c to r w t h d f f er en t n t er e t n c u d ng t he

    t t e nd p e n tr y g n t t he o c e t e t he p e n t n d th e oc e t e

      g n t t he t t e t he t t e n d n d vd u m o ty w om en g n t m e

     h o ueh o dh ed 1 9 86 6 0

     C o e y r e t ed t o q ue t o n o f t h e p y c ho o g c n d o c o p o t c c om

     pe xtyo f r e tn c e n dn o n r e tn c e n dt o th en e edf o r th ck e thn o gr

     phy th e q ue t o n o f uth en t c tyAuth ent c ty n o th e r h ghypr o b

    e m t e d t er m n o f r t e e m t o p re u me n v e b e e f n c u tu r p u r ty

      n un to uch e dcut ure wh o eh t o r e r e un co n tmn t e dbyth o e o f th e r

     n e gh bo r o r o f th ew e t mk en o uch pr e umpt o n n o ne the e th er e

     m u t b e w y t o t k b ou t w h t t he C o m ro ff c t he e n do ge no u h t or c

    t y o f o c w or d 1 99 2 27 n w h c h th e p e ce o f r e t y h ow ev er m u ch

     borrowedfromor mpoedby other rewoventogetherthroughthe ogcof

      gr ou p o w n oc y n d h t or c y e vo v ed b r co g e t t h t h t w

    m e n by u t he nt c t y n t he d c u o n t h t fo o w t ur n to c on d e r t on

      of o meo f the r e c en t t e r t ure o n r e tn c e

      h o udn o teh e r e th t th ew o rk t o be d cue d c o n t t ut e ve r ye e c t e d

    n d p rt e t n d m k e no c m t o c ov er t he e nt r e t e r tu re n t h e r

     o f n t er d c p n r t y c ho r y e x h u t v en e m or e u n tt n b e t h n e v e r

      but mo re mpo rtn t th ew or k r e e e c te dh e r e e th er be cue th eyhve

    b e en v e ry n f u e nt o r b ec u e t h e y u t r t e f r y c o mm on p r ob e m o r

    b ot h n n y e ve nt t h e p o n t of t h e d c u o n t o e x m n e n u m be r o f

    p ro b e m n t he r e t n c e t e r t u re r n g f ro m t he t n c e of e t hn og r p h c

     r ef u T he d c u o n w b e o rg n e d n t e r m o f t hr ee f o rm o f u c h

     r ef u wh ch w c n t n gp o t c t h nn ng c ut ur e n d d o v ng

      ctor

     S ANT ZNGPO LT C S

      t m y e em o d d to t r t o ff b y c r t c n g t u d e o f r e t n c e fo r n ot c o nt n

      n g e no ug h p o t c f t h er e o ne t h n g t he e t ud e e x m n e t p o t c

     f ro nt n d c en te r Y e t th e d c u o n u u y m t e d to t h e po t c o f r e

    t n c e t h t t o t he r e t o n h p b e t we en t h e do m n n t n d t h e u b or d n t e

      e e o C oo pe r 1 99 2 4 f w e r e t o r ec og n e t h t r e t or r e d o ng m o re

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     RESSTANCEANDETHNOGRAPHCREFUSAL77

     t h n m p y o pp o n g d o m n t o n m or e t h n m p y p ro du c n g v r t u y

     me chn c r e c t o n th enw emut go th ewh o ewy T h eyhve th e r o wn

     p o t c n ot u t b e tw ee n c h ef n d c om m on er o r n d o rd n d p e n t

     b u t w t h n t he o c c t e go r e o f f r c t on n d t en o n m e n n d w om en

    p r e nt n d c h d re n e n or n d u n o r n he r t n ce c o nf c t m on g b ro th

    e r t ru gg e o f u c ce o n n d w r o f c on qu e t b e tw ee n c h ef t ru g g e f o r

     p r m c y b e tw ee n r e g o u e ct n d o n n d o n

    t t he b e nc e of n y o f th e e fo rm o f n t er n c o nf c t n m n y

     r e t n c e t u d e t h t g v e t h em n r o f r om n t c m o f wh c h t he y r e

      of t en c cue df o r e xmpe AbuLugho d1 9 90 Le tme tk e o n e e xmpe

    f ro m f n e b oo k t h t d m r e on m n y o t he r c ou nt n g C e n d n ne n

    A mb v e nt C o nq ue t M y n d S p n r d n Y u c t n 1 5 17 1 5 70 1 9 87

    C e nd n n en r e co gn e t h t t he re w e re M y c h e f w ho h d g n f c n t d

      v n t g e o f m t e r r e o ur ce p o t c p ow er n d o c p re c ed en c e S he

    o r ec og n e t h t n t h o rt o f po t y c h e f h d m n y o b g t o n n t u rn

    t o t he r u b e ct n c u d ng t h e re d t r b u t on o f o me w e t h t hr ou gh f e t

      n d h o p t t y n d t h e t g n g o f r t u f or t h e co e c t v e w e b e n g Y e t t he

     de gre e t o wh chh e emph e th e r ecpr o c tyo ve r th e ymmetr yo f th e

     r e t o n h p y t e m t c y e x c ud e f r om t h e re d e r v e w p c t ur e o f o m e

    o f t he e r ou e xp o t t o n n d v o e nc e o f th e M y n p o t c e co no my

    C h ef e n g g ed n e xt r v g n t n d c u t k n g 1 9 87 14 3 w er e o

    c t e d t he m o t f v o ur ed n d f or t h e m k n g o f m p 1 98 7 14 4 n d w e re

     g v e n t he o r d h r e o f t he g m e t k e n n c om mu n h un t n d e v e d fr om

    t he p r of e o n h un te r 1 98 7 14 4 t h e r n d w w or ke d b y w r c p t v e

      n d t he r d o me t c y t e m w m n t n e d b y f e m e v e n d c on c ub n e

      1 9 87 1 4 4 Y e tC en dnn en b n c e th emen t o n o f e ch o f th o en tn c e o f

      yt emt c e xpo t t o nw th o mement o n o fh o wmuch th e ch e f g ven

    r et ur n c u m n t n g n n c co un t o f r t u t o p ro te ct t h e v g er f ro m

    t hr e t en ed c m t y n t h o e e xp e r en ce w he n t he f e o f th e w ho e v g e

    w b o r be d n t h e r t u p ro ce m e n e r n t th t t h e d f fe re nc e b e t we en

     pr e t o r dn dc o mmon e rw er e e mpor tn t thn th e r h r e dde pen den c e

    o n t he g o d n d t he f r g t y o f th e h um n o r de r 1 47

     C e n d nn en g o e o n t o y 1 9 8 7 47 t h t t he c o t o f t h t ho ug h t

      f r fr om c e r t h t t he M y r eg r de d t c o t w w r w h ch w w g ed

     be twe en ch e f o fn egh bo r nggr o up nw r n o be cpt ve w e rek e df o r

    t h e go d t he r e t m e n w o m en n d c h d re n w e re e n v e d n d t h e m en o d

     o ut o f th e c oun tr y 1 9 87 1 4 8 Wh t w r ongw th th pc t ure ?n th e f r t

     p c e o n e pr e ume th t o meMy th e cpt ve wh o w er e t o be e xe cut ed

      n dth emenw o men ndch dr enwh o w er e en ve dn o t t o men t o n e ve r y

    o ne e e n t he o c et y w ho h d t o v e w t h th e p er m n en t p o b t y o f u c h

     v o e n ce r eg r d ed t c o t n t h e e c on d p c e C e n d nn e n ne ve r p ut

      t oge the r th e pe c e o fh e r c c oun t t o h o w th t th e en e o f h r e dde pen

     d en ce o f c h ef n d co mm on er n o f r t w u cc e f u y e t b h ed t

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     178SHERRYBORTNER

      w n r g e p r t p r o du ct o f t he d p c em e nt o f e xp o t t o n n d v o

      en c e f ro mth e ch e f o wn ube c t t o th o e o fh n eghbo r

    T he re e em v r t u t b oo o n p ut t n g th e e p e c e t o ge t he r f t o g v e

      f u c co un t o f th e M y n p o t c o rd e r g oo d n d b d w ou d b e t o

    g v e o m e o b e rv e r t h e m m un t o n f or y n g t h t t he M y d e e rv e d wh t

     th eygo t f r omth e S pn hBut th c o nc e rn ungro unde dNo thngbo ut

     My npo t c h o wever bo o dynd expo t t ve w o udc o ndo ne th e o o t

      n gk ng ndcut ur de t r uct o nw r o ugh tbyth e S pnh O n th e o th e r

     h n d m or e t ho ro ug h n d c r t c c c ou nt o f p re c o o n M y n p o t c

     w o udpr e umbygen e r t e df f e ren tpc t ure o f th e ub e q uen th pe o f

     th e c o o n h t o ryo f th e r e go n n cudngth e ube q uen tpt t e rn o f r e

      t n c e n d n o n r e t n c e A t t he v e ry e t t w o u d re p e ct t h e m b v

      e n t co mp e x t y o f th e M y w or d t e x t e d b ot h t t h t t m e n d n t h e

      preent4

     T he m o t g r n g r e n o f n t e rn p o t c c om p e x ty g o e d o ve r b y

     m o t o f th e e t u d e t he r e n o f g en de r po t c 5 T h p r t cu r y

     ve xedq ue t o nM embe r o f ubo rdn t e gr o upwh o wn t t o c t t en t o n t o

     gende r n e q ut e n th e r o wngr oup r e ube c t t o th e c c ut o n th t th ey

    r e u nd er m n n g th e r o wn c o r u b t e r n o d r t y n o t u p p or t n g th e r

     m en n d p y n g n t o th e h n d o f t h e do m n n t F r t w o r d f e m n t

      c h o r w h o d o t he m e r e u b e ct t o h r p t t c k f r om t h rd w o r d

    f em n t c ho r o n th e m e gr ou nd e e C M oh n ty 1 98 8 t e e m e t t

    t o c t te nt o n t o th e o pp re o n of w o me n w t h n t he r o w n c o r r c

    g r ou p o r cu t u re w h e n t h t c o r r c g ro up o r c u tu r e b e n g op pr e e d

      bynothergroup

     T he e u e h v e c o m e n to h r p f oc u n t h e de b t e u rr ou nd n g t o r

     w d ow b ur n ng n c o on n d S p v k 19 88 J n M r n d Sr v t v

    1 98 7 M n 1 98 7 O n e o f th e w y n w h c h th e B r t h u t f e d t h e r ow n

    d om n n c e w t o p o nt t o w h t t he y c on d e r ed b r b r c p r c t c e u ch

      t n d to c m t h t th ey w er e en g ge d n c v n g m o n th t w ou d

    v e n d n w om en f r om t h e e p r c t ce G y t r C h k r v or ty S p v k h

    r on c y c h r ct er e d t h t u t on o ne n w h c h w h te m en r e v n g

     br ownw o menf r ombr o wnmen 1 9 88 2 9 6 T hu n yt wh o mgh twn t

    t o n ve t g t e th e w y n w h ch t w p r t of r ge r co nf g ur t o n of m e

      domnn c e nnn e t e en th c ent ury ndn o c e tycnn o t do o w th o ut e emng

    t o u b c r b e t o th e d c o u r e of t h e co o n d m n t r t o r T h e t t e mp t t o

    d e w t h t h p r t c u r e t o f co nt r d c t o n h v e o n y m u t p e d t h e co nt r

     dc t o n

     4 A p r e t o t h e m on o t h c p or tr y o f r e t o r t he m o no t h c p o rt r y o f t he d o m

    n n t T h b e g nn n g t o be b r ok en d o wn f or e x m p e n S t o e r 1 98 9

     5 T h e b e n c e of g e nd er c o n d e r t on n g e ne r c r e t n c e t u d e n d o m e m p c t o n o f

     t h b e n ce h v e b e en d d re e d p r t c u r y b y O H n o n 1 9 89 S ee o W h t e 1 98 6 B u t f or

    v u b e e t h no gr p h c t ud e o f g en de r r e t n ce p e r e e e A bu L u g ho d 1 98 6 n d O ng

      1987

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    RESSTANCEANDETHNOGRAPHCREFUSAL179

      Ov e r t he c k o f n d e qu t e e n e o f p r or n d o ng o n g po t c m on g

      u b t e r n m u t n e v t b y c o n tr b u te t o n n d e qu t e n y o f r e t n ce

    t e f M n y p e op e d o n ot g e t c u gh t u p n r e t n c e m ov e me nt n d t h

      no t m p y n e ff ec t o f fe r S co tt g e ne r y r gu e 1 98 5 1 9 90 n v e

    e nt hr m e nt t o t he p r e t F r e dr c h r g u e b ou t m n y o f th e n on

     r e t n g M ex c n p e n t 1 98 5 o r n r ro w e f n te re t N or d o e t m k e

     c o b or t o r o f t he n o n p r t c p n t M o r eo ve r n d v d u c t o f r e

    t n ce w e r ge c e r e t n ce m ov em en t r e of te n th em e v e

    c on f c t ed n te rn y c o nt r d c to ry n d f f ec t v e y m b v e nt n r ge p r t

     d u e t o t he e n te rn p o t c c om p e x t e

      Th e m p u e t o n t e t h e n te rn p o t c o f t he d o m n t ed m u t b e

     u nd er t o od f un d m en t y r o m nt c A p r t n t d ot e t o th w d e

      pr e dt en den cy tmgh tbew e t o r en t ro duc e th ew or k o f th e o c e d

    t ru ct u r M r x t n n th ro po o gy n d t he r d e c e nd n t S tr uc t ur M r x m

    t he B o ch 1 97 5 re d er g oo d p c e to t r t e e o M e o ux 1 98 1 n d

    T er r y 1 97 2 t o ok h p e r e p on e t o t h r om n t c n g t en d en cy w t h n

     th e f e do f n thr o po o gynd n t t empt t o un der tn d n o nWe t e rn nd

     p re c p t t f or m o f n eq u t y o n th e n o gy w t h M rx n y o f c

     w t h n c p t m T c k n g o c e t e t h t w ou d h v e b e e n c t eg or e d

     e g t r n p r ec e y b e c u e t he y c k ed c o r c t e t ru ct ur M r x t

    w er e b e t o t e e o u t th e w y n w h c h u c h th n g t he p p r en t b en ev o

    e nt u th or t y o f e de r o r t h e p p r e nt t ru m n d o d r t y o f k n r e o ft en

     gr oun ded n yt emt c pt t e r n o f e xpo t t o nndpo w e r

     T h e t r uc tu r M r x t p r o e ct t o ok h p e t r ou g h y th e m e t m e d d

    f emn t n thr o po o gy6 T h e tw o t oge the rmde t df f cut f o rmny n thr o po o

     g t m y e f n c u d ed t o o ok t e v en t h e m p e t o c e ty e v er g n w t ho ut

      e e n g p o t c e v er y b t c om p e x n d o m et m e e v e ry b t o pp re v e

      t ho e o f c p t m n d c o on m 7 M o re ov e r n th ro po o g t o f t h

    p e r u o n b eg n t k n g t he h t or c t u rn t e em e d m po b e t o u nd e r t n d

     t h e h t o r e o f t h e e o c e t e n c u d ng b u t n ot m t e d to t h e r h t o r e

    u nd e r co o n m o r c p t t p e ne tr t o n w t h o ut u n de r t n d n g h ow t h o e

    e xt er n f or ce n te r c te d w t h t he e n te rn p o t c S h n c co un t 1 9 81

      of t h e p t te rn o f c c om m od t o n n d r e t n ce n p y b et we en H w n n d

     Eur open n th e e gh t e en thndn n e te enth c en tur e o me o fWo f d cu

      o n n Eur o pe n dth e Pe opew th outH t o ry 1 9 82 myo wn1 9 8 9 h t o ry

     o f S h er p r e g o u t r n f or m t o n n k ng n d g e n ou p o t c n d c u tu re

     6 T h ebe gnnngo f Fr n c o B r th t r uct ur M r x m n n thr o po o gyw ere o c o n tempo

      r r y w t h th e b eg n n n g o f B r t h M r x t C u t ur S tu d e T he m p c t o f t ru ct u r M r x m

    o n n th ro po o gy w e t he f c t th t t he f e d w t m r ed n t h e p t b e tw ee n m te r m

     n d d e m n t h t e r p ro b b y c co un t n g o od p r t f o r th e d e y o f t h e m p c t o f Cu t u r

     S t ude S e eO rtn e r 1 9 84 f o r r e vew o fn th r opo o gc th e or yf r omth enn e t e en xt e t o th e

     e gh t e

    7 S om e m p or t n t e r y f e m n t n th ro po o gy w d r e ct y d r w n g o n t r uc tu r M r x m

     S ee e p e c y C o e r n d R o d o 1 9 81

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      80SHERRYBORTNER

    w t h r g er r eg o n N ep t t e n d Br t h R d yn m c R c h rd F ox

    1 98 5 t ud y o f th e e vo u t o n of S k h d e nt t y u nd er c o o n m o f t he e

      h o w th tn under t n dngo f po t c uthen t c tyo f th e pe o pe o wnf orm

    o f n e qu t y n d y mm e tr y n ot o n y n ot n c o mp t b e w t h n u n de r t n d

      n g o f re t n c e bu t n f c t n d p en b e t o u c h n u n de r t n d n g

     THNNNG CULTURE

     J u t u b t e rn m u t b e e e n h v n g n u t he nt c n d n ot m e re y r e c t v e

     p o t c o t h ey m u t b e e e n h v n g n u th en t c n d n ot m e re y r e c t v e

    c ut ur eT h e cut ure c o n c eptn n thr o po o gyh k e e thno gr phyco meunde r

      he v y t t c k n r e ce nt y e r p r t y f o r u m pt o n o f t m e e n e h om og e

    n e t y u n co nt e t ed h r e dn e n d t he k e t h t w er e h t o r c y e m be d de d n t

    n d n n th ro po o g c p r c t c e mo re g e ne r y Y et t h o e u m pt o n r e n ot

    b y n y m e n n tr n c t o t he c o nc ep t w h c h c n b e r e m ob e d n p o we rf u

    w y w t h ou t t he m n d e ed r d c r ec on ce p tu t o n o f cu t u re n c u d ng

    b ot h t he h t or c t o n n d p o t c t o n o f th e c on ce pt h b e en g o n g on f or

      t e t t h e t d e c d e or o n n th ro po o gy n d t he t t c k u p on t t r d t o n

    f or m r e b y n ow v e ry m u ch n t he w y o f b e t n g d e d h or e e e D r k E e y

    n d O rt ne r 1 99 4 n n y e ve nt k e J m e C f fo rd o n e o f t he m o r f g ur e n

     th e t t ck o n th e c o n ce pt o f cut ure do n o t e eh o ww e cn do w th o ut t

    1 98 8 10 T he o n y t e rn t v e t o r ec og n n g t h t u b t er n h v e c er t n

    p r o r n d o ng o ng c u t ur u th en t c t y c co rd n g t o u b t e r n t o v e w

    u b t e rn r e p on e t o d om n t o n d h o c n d n c o he re n t p r n g n g n ot f r om

    t he r o w n e n e o f o rd er u t c e m e n n g n d t he k e b ut o n y f ro m o m e e t

     o f d e c e d n t o b e ng b y t he t u t o n of d o m n t o n t e f

     C u t ur t h nn n g c h r c t er t c o f o m e o f th e m o t n f u en t t ud e o f

     r e tn c e c ur ren tyo n th e c en e 8 S o me o f th e pr o bemw th th t enden cy

     mybe br ough tn t o f ocu th ro ugh c o n de r t o n o f th ewy nwh ch

    r e g on o r n ot h n d e d n o m e of t he e t u d e d o no t me n t o

      u g g e t b y th t h t r e g o n e qu v e n t to o f c u tu re N o n et he e

    r e g o n w y r c h re po t o ry o f cu t ur b e e f n d v u e n d of te n h

      c o e f f n t e w t h re t n ce m ov em en t w e w t hu o ok t t h e

     t r e tmen t o f r e go n n numbe r o f r e tn c e t ude be f o r e t ur nngt o th e

     q ue t o n o f cut ur emo r e gen e r y

      n o n e o f th e f oun dngt e xt o f th e S ub t e rn S t ude ch oo o fh t o ry f o r

     e x m p e R n t G u h e m ph e t he m p o rt n c e of r e co gn n g n d n o t

    d p r g n g th e re g o u b e o f t r b n d pe n t re be o n 1 9 88 n de ed

     t h o ne o f t he c e nt r t hr e d o f S u b t e rn S t ud e w r t n g m o r p r t of

      t e f fo r t t o r ec o gn e th e uthen t c c ut ur un ve r e o f ubt e r n f r omwh ch

     8 T h e w or k of t h e Br t h C u t ur S tu d e c h o r e em n g y m o r ex c ep t o n to t h

    p o n t w ou d r gu e f h d t m e h ow ev e r t h t f or m u ch o f t he w or k n t h f e d t h e tr e t me nt

     o f b ot h c u tu r e n d e th no gr p h y o t h n W 1 97 7 m o r e x c ep t o n n n y e ve nt

     m y f oc u n t h e ct o n o n n f u en t w or k t h t m u ch m o re o b v ou y p r ob e m t c w t h

     r e pe c t t o th e th ckne o f cut ure

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  • 8/19/2019 16. Ortner -Resistance and Ethnographic Refusal

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     RESSTANCEANDETHNOGRAPHCREFUSAL 8

      th e r c t o f r e tn c e gr ewY e t th e degr e e t o wh ch the t r e tment o f r e g o n

      n t he e t ud e c tu y c ut ur t h t c tu y n e ff or tt o u m n te

     th e c on c ept u n d f f ec t ve c o nf gur t o n w thnwh ch th e pe n t r e

     o pe r t n g g en er y m n m 9 R t h er t h e p e n t e n do we d w t h o m e

     t h n g c e d r e g o t y k n d o f d ff u e c o n c ou n e t h t n ev e r fu rt he r

    e xp o re d e t of d e p r ct c e n d fe e n g b u t n t o th e re g o u

     u n ve r e t he p e n t n h b t

    G uh n d ot he r n h g ro up r e o u t n g w th o m e M rx t n d n h t or n

      w ho h r e w t h b ou r ge o m od e rn t o n t he or t v e w o f re g o n b c k

     w r d T h e Su b t e rn S t ud e w r t er n c o nt r t w n t t o re p e ct n d v d t e

      pe n t r e g o t y n u t he nt c d m e n o n o f u b t er n c u tu r e o ut o f w h ch

     n u t he nt c y o p po t o n p o t c c ou d b e n d w c on t r uc te d Y e t G uh

     o wn n ot o n o f pe n t r e g o t y t b e r t h e t r c e o f M r x h o t t y t ow r d

     r e g o n d ef n n g r e g o u c on c o u ne m v e de mo n tr t o n of

      e f e t r n gemen t 1 9 88 7 8 M o re o ve r n t e d o f e xpo r n gnd n t er pre tn g

    t h r e g o t y of t he r eb e n n y u b t nt v e w y h e m k e p r t cu r t e xt u

     m o ve t o v o d t h r e e g t ng t o n p p en d x e xt r c t o f t he p e n t o w n

     c c o un t o f t h e re g o u v o n t h t n p r e d t he r r e be o n

     A m r c u n e b ou t re g o n wh e p y n g t p e rv ce e vd en t n

    J m e S c o tt W e p on o f t he W e k 1 9 8 5 T h e po n t c n b e e e n g n n ot

     o n y n w h t S c ot t y n d d oe n ot y b u t n t h e v er y h p e o f h t ex t

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    t he d c u o n of r e g o u m ov em en t n h r e m n y of w h ch h d g

     n f c n t p o t c d m e n o n c on f n ed t o f ew p g e t ow r d t he e n d

      1 9 85 3 3 2 5 D ur ngS co t t f e dw o r k numbe r o f r umo r o f r e go

    p o t c p ro ph ec e c r cu t ed n h r e w e f y ng e tt er c on t n

    n g m r p ro ph ec e L k e Gu h r eb e t e t mo n e t h e tt er r ep ro

     d u ce d u n n y e d n n p p en d x T h e f c t t h t r r e y m on th g o e b y

     w th o ut n ew ppe r c c oun t o f the pr o e c ut o n o f r e go u t e ch e r c c ue d

     o f p ro p g t n g f e d o ct r n e o r e e g t ed t o f oo tn ot e 1 9 85 3 35

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  • 8/19/2019 16. Ortner -Resistance and Ethnographic Refusal

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      o n ? q u t e t e r y d p p e r T h e r r e e v n ce o f h er u n de r t n d n g n d

    n t en t on n ot t o m en t o n he r o c u n v er e h er h t or y n d o f o rt h t o t h

      n yt cpr o e c t t r kybr o ughth o mebyth e uth or o wn t ext u t r t e gy

     o f r e f un gt o r e pr oduc en d n t er pre t tw o pre n t er vew th t S hhbn o

     g v e o n e t o n ew p p e r n d n ot he r o n n t o n t e e v o n T h e u t ho r y

      W e h v e n ot p r v e g e d th e e o ur ce o f he r u b e c t v ty 1 98 9 57 0 n

    f c t th eyhven o t e ven pre en t e dthem

     T h ede c on t r uc t o n o f th e ube c tn th wyc nn otbe th e o ny nw er t o

    t he r e f e d n d r o m nt c e d u b e c t of m n y r e t n c e t u d e O n t he c o n

    t r r y t h e n w e r t o th e r e f ed n d r om n t c e d u b e ct m u t b e n c t or

     un der t o o d mo re f uy o c y ndcut ur yc o n t r uct e df ro mto pt o

     b ot to m T h e br e k n d p t n d n c oh e re nc e o f c on c o u n e n o e

    t h n t he n t e gr t o n n d c oh er en c e r e e qu y p r od uc t o f c u t ur n d

    h t o r c f or m t o n O ne c o u d qu e t o n n d e ed w he th er t h e p t n d o

     f o r th h o u d b e v e w ed n co he re nc e o r m p y t e rn t v e f or m o f

    c oh er en ce n o t t o do o m p e t h t t h ey r e f or m o f d m g e O f c ou r e

    o pp re o n d m g n g y e t th e b t y of o c b e ng t o we v e t er n t ve

    n d o m et m e b r n t y c re t v e f o r m o f c oh er en ce c ro t he d m g e

    o ne o f t he h e r te n n g p ec t o f h u m n u b e c t v t y e e o C o op e r 1 99 2

     c r t q u e o f F n on A m r p o n t m y b e m d e w t h r e p ec t t o g e nc y

     A g en cy n ot n e n t ty t h t e x t p r t f ro m c u tu r c on t r uc t o n n or t

     q u t y o ne h o n y w he n o ne w ho e o r wh en o n e n n d v d u E ve ry

      cut ur e e ve r yubcut ur e e ve ryh t o r c mo men t c o n t r uct t o wnf orm

     o f gen cy t o wnmode o f en c tn gth e pr oc e o f r e f e ctn go n th e e f n d

    t h e wo r d n d o f c t n g m u t n eo u y w t h n n d u po n w h t o ne f n d t h e re

     T o un de r tn dwh e r e S hhbn o o r nyo th e r f gur en r e tn c e drm

     c o mngf ro mo n emut e xpo re th e pr t cu r t e o f th e e c o n t r uc t o n

      b ot h c u tu r n d h t o r c p ro du c t n d p er o n c re t o n b u d n g o n

     th o e pr e cpt t e o f cut ure n dh t o ry

     A b r n t e x m p e of t h t er n t v e p er p e ct v e m y b e e en n A h

    N n d y T h e n t m t e E n em y L o n d R ec ov er y o f th e Se f u n de r C o on m

      1 9 83 Nndybegn byexpo r n gth eh omo o gybetw een e xu ndpo t c

    d om n n ce t h t o ok h p e n t he c on te xt o f Br t h c o o n m n n d H e

      th en g o e o n t o co n d e r n d n t er r y e ff or t t o r e c t g n t c o o n m t h t

    w e re n f c t h ghyh egemon edw o r k th t w e re gr oun de dn r en t er pr et e d

      c r edt e xt but n r e tyde pen den t o n c o re v ue pr t cu r yo fhype rm

     cun ty bo rr o wedf r omth e c o o n w o r dvew ndth en e gtm edc c o r dn g

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    RESSTANCEANDETHNOGRAPHCREFUSAL187

    t o e x t n g c on c ep t o f c r ed ne 1 98 3 22 B ut t h e bo ok p r m r y e x m n e

    n d v du t er r y r e g o u n d po t c f g ur e w ho o u gh t t o cr e te n ew

    p o t c w r en e w h c h wo u d co mb n e c r t c w r en e o f H nd u m n d

    c o on m w t h cu t ur n d n d v du u th en t c ty 1 98 3 27 N n dy p r

     t c u r y n t er e t ed n t he w y n w h c h G n dh n d o th er m o r v o ce o f n t

     c o on m m o b e d n d p r t y r eo rd e re d n d n c t e g or e o f m c u n t y

     f em n n t y n d n d ro gy n y n f or m u t n g b ot h r e t n ce t o c o on m n d n

      t er n t v e v o n o f o c e ty A g n n d g n h e v e w t h e e o pp o t o n

     f g u re e v en w h en e ve re y v c t m e d n t h e r p er o n v e e e e p e c y

    t he d c u o n o f Sr A u r ob n d o d r w n g u po n c u tu r r e o ur ce t o t r n

    f or m t he r o w n v c t mh oo d n d r t cu t e n ew m o de o f e f n d o c e t y

    Nndyth en c omeb ck t o th e o rdn r y pe r o nwho do en o tw r t en o ve

      u nc h n ew r e g o u y t e m o r e d m o v em en t o f n t o n r e t n c e n t h

     c o nt e xth e e em to c o me c o e t o th e po t o n o f th e uth o r o f S hhbn o

     f or h e r g u e n m or e p y c ho o g c n gu g e t h t c u t u r n d p y c ho o g

     c u rv v m y r e qu r e t he k n d o f f r g me nt ed n d h f t n g e f t h t S h h b n o

      e em ed t o d p y 1 9 8 3 10 7 Y e t N n d y d c u o n h d f f er en t t on e

    P r t y t h c om e f r om h e r e r e xp o r t o n of b r o d c u tu r p t t er n

      h ow n g t h t t he b o un d r e b e tw ee n u c h t h ng e f n d o th er m c u n e

      n df emnn e ndmythndh t o ry r e bo th df f er entyc o n fgure d n d

     d f fe re nt y v u e d n v r o u t r n d o f n d n t h ou g ht T h e h f t n g u b e ct n

     t ur n bo th drwng o nndpr o t e ctn gth e e t e rn tve cut ur f rme

      o pp o e d to m k n g e e m ng y d h o c re p o n e t o n m m ed t e t u t o n of

     d om n t o n A n d e c on d N n d y u b e ct p r d o x c y r e t n k n d o f

     c o he r en tgen cyn th e r ve ry n c on t n cy th e e pe r o n tyf ur e o f th e

      n dn c o udben o th e r f ormo fde ve ope dvg n c e o r h r pen ed n tn c t o r

    f t er r e c t o n to m n m d e u f fe r n g T he y c om e f ro m c er t n t e nt f o r

      n d f t h n f e 1 98 3 11 0 T h u N n d y u b e ct w he th er p r om n e nt

    pubcf gure o r c o mmo nmenndw o men r e tn po w e r fu vo c e th r o ugh out

      h b oo k w h e S h h b n o r ep re e n t t o n y d p p e r

     F n y h ow ev e r t m u t b e e m p h e d t h t t he q u e t on o f d e q u te

     representatonof subectsn theattempttounderstandresstances notpureya

     matterof provdngbetterportratsofsubects nandof themseves The

    mport an c e of sub e c ts w h et h er n dvdu a a c t o rs o rs o c a e n t t e s e sn o t s o

     muchn whotheyareandhowtheyareputtogetherasn theproectsthatthey

     constructandenactFor t s ntheformuaton andenactmentofthoseproects

     t h t th eybo th bec o me ndt r n f o rmwho they r e n dth t th ey ut n o r

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     TEXTUALRES STANCE

     Runnngthrougha theseworks despten somecasesdeeptheoretca

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     1 Fo r n o th e r t r o ngw o r k o nGndh cut ur gen u e e Fo x1 9 8 9

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      88SHERRYBORTNER

      wr t e o f th e v ed w o r d n h b t ed b y t ho e w h o re t o r d o n ot t he c e

     m y b e O f t he w or k d c u e d t e n g th n t h e y C e nd n n en g o e t o

     gr e t e r en gth thn th e o th er t o po rt r yth e pr e c o o n My wo r dn o me

     de pth ndc o mpextyye tn th e end h e ch oo e t o pu h e r pun ch e n d

      m o ot h o ve r w h t t he m t e r h t o d h er S c ot t G u h n d P t h k n d

     R n o n t h e o th er h n d q u t e t er y r e fu e t o d e w t h t he m t e r t h t

     w o u d o w e nt ry n t o t he p o t c n d c u tu r w or d o f t ho e t h ey d c u

     T he f y n g e t t er o f Sc ot t p e n t t he t e t m o n e o f G uh p e n t

     v o n t he p r e n te rv e w o f S h h b n o r e t ex t t h t c n b e r e d n t h e

    r c h e t e n e t o y e d n u n de r t n d n g of b o th t h e me n n g n d t he m y t

    f c t o n o n w h ch p e op e r e o pe r t n g W h t m g h t e me rg e o me th n g k e

     w h t w e e e n C r o G n b u rg N g h t B t t e 1 98 5 n e x tr o r d n r y r c h

      n d c o mp c t ed w o r d of b e e f p r c t ce n d p et ty p o t c w ho e t n c e

     t o w r dth e enc r o chmen t o fCh r t n ty ndth en q u t o n n th eMdde

    A g e c on fu e d n d u nh e ro c y e t o p o g n nt y t u bb or n n d u th e nt c

      ve r yNndye q ue t o ry

     T h er e r en o do ubtmnyr e o n f o r th n t er pr et ve r e f u B ut o ne

    u re y t o b e f ou nd n t h e o c e d c r o f r ep re e n t t o n n t h e hu m n

      c e n ce W he n E dw r d S d y n e f fe ct t h t t h e d c o ur e o f O r en t m

    r en d er t v r t u y m p o b e t o k no w n y th n g r e b ou t t he O r e nt 1 9 79

     w he n G y t r S p v k t e u t h t t h e u b t er n c n no t p e k 1 98 8 w he n

    J m e C f f or d n fo rm u t h t e th no gr p h e r e f c t on 1 98 67 n d

     wh en o f c o ur en o me en e o f th e e thng r e t r ue then th e e f fe c t

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     t m e n d p c e e p e c y t h o e p eo p e w ho r e n ot n d om n n t p o t o n

     T h e e thn ogr ph c tn c eh o d th t e thn ogr phy n evermpo be T h

     t he c e b e c u e p e op e n o t on y r e t p o t c d om n t o n t h e y re t o r

    an yw ay e vad e t e x tu ad omn at on a sw e Th e n ot on t h at c o on aora c a -

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    p e k 1 98 8 3 08 t p er h p m o r e d f f cu t f o r n y v o c e to b r e k t hr ou g h

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     RESSTANCEANDETHNOGRAPHCREFUSAL 89

    S pvk th eo r n gthn th r o ugh th emo t typfynge thno gr phyye t e ven

     th de dyo ungw omn who po k e t o n o o ne bo uth er n t en t o n nde f tn o

    n ot e b ef or e h er d e t h f o rc e S p v k t o t e t t r y to r t c u t e n q u t e

      re t n d o b e c t v t f h o n t h e t ru th o f t he u c d e f r om t h e wo m n

     po n t o f vew

    Th e u c de w p u e n ce B hu v ne w r w m en t ru t ng t t he t me t w

    c e r y n ot c e o f c t p re gn n cy N e r y d ec d e t er t w d c o ve re d th t

      h ew membe r o f o ne o f th emnygr o up nvo ve dn th e rmed t r ugge f o r

    n d n n d ep en de nc e S he h d f n y b ee n en tr u te d w th p o t c n t o n

    U n b e t o c on fr on t t he t k n d y et w r e o f t he p r c t c n ee d f or t r u t h e k e d

     h e r e f

     Bh uvn ew r hdkn o wn th th e r de thw o udbe d gn o e d th e o utc o me o f

      e gtmt ep o n S h eh dth e r e fo r ew t e df o r th e o n e t o fmen t rut o n

     B hu v n e w r B h d u r u c d e n u n em p h t c d h o c u b t er n r ew r t n g of t h e

      o c t ex t of t u c d e 1 98 8 3 07 8

     W t h t h d c u o n t e e m t o m e S p v k u n de rm n e h e r o wn p o t o n e e

      o C o r on 1 9 92 C o mbnng bt o fh o mey n t er pre t t o n o f th e t e xt o f the

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     C f f o rd m e n t t h t e t hn og r p h e r e f e m d e u p n d m or e g en er y r e

     p ro du ct o f t e r ry m g n t o n t h t h n o ob g t o n t o en g g e w t h re t y

     Y e t th e o bgt o n t o en ggew th r e tye em to mepr e c ey th e df f e ren c e

    b et we en t h e no ve t t k n d t he e t hn og r p he r o r t he h t or n T he

      n thr o po o gt n dth eh t o r n r e ch r ge dw th r e pr e en tn gth e ve o f

    p eo p e w ho r e v n g o r on ce v ed n d w e t t em p t to p u h t h e e p eo p e n t o

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    p on e t o S m n R u h d e S t n c V e r e 1 9 89 h ow n p r t cu r y d r

     mt c f o rmth t th en ove t c nn o o n ge r pr et endth t n c o n tr t t o e thno gr

     phyo r h t o r yth e r e n o bo dyo n the o th er de o fh o r h e r t extn o r th t f c t o n

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  • 8/19/2019 16. Ortner -Resistance and Ethnographic Refusal

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  • 8/19/2019 16. Ortner -Resistance and Ethnographic Refusal

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    RESSTANCEANDETHNOGRAPHCREFUSAL191

      h or t o n e c n o n y p p r ec t e t he w y n w h c h re t n c e c n b e m or e t h n

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     grm n th eC o mpr tve S t udyo f S oc T r n f o rmto n AnnArbo rUnve r tyo f

     M c h g n

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