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COMBINING THE RMR, Q and THE RMi SY

INFORMATION to the user

This spreadsheet combines the following three numerical, empirical classisifcation systems for esti

- about the Q system, see: - Grimstad E. and Barton . !"##$%: &pdating the Q-syst

- Barton, . and Grimstad, E. !/001%: The Q-system foll

- about the 4'4 system of "#8# 2ersion, see Bieniawski 9.T. !"#8#%: Engineering rock

- about the 4'i system, see: - (almstr>m . !/000%: 4ecent de2elopments in rock su- (almstr>m . !/00#%: +ombining the 4'4, Q and 4'i

)n the sheet C(arameters 2aluesC, tables are presented for all the input parameters. )t is possible heThe input parameters in C) (&T D T C are linked to the C( 4 'ETE4 T B E*C

The 2alues or rationgs of the input parameters and the calculated 4'4, Q, and 4'i 2alues are gi2e

The lists of input parameters in the C) (&T D T C sheet can be remo2ed, as shown.

USE THIS SPREA SHEET !ITH CARE"& DE4*T D) G TFE *)TE GE G)+ D GE TE+F )+ + D)T) * )* (4

Some important limitations are indicated, but there may be others not being mentioned

s there are 2ery many functions and relations in2ol2ed in the spreadsheet, errors or unaccuracies

) hope the 4'4-Q-4'i spreadsheet can be useful to you

Arild Palmstrm, RockMass as, February 2009

The Q s#ste$ , de2eloped by Barton et al. )n "# 1 and later re2ised in "##$ and in /001.

The RMR or Geo$e%hani%s s#ste$ , de2eloped by Bieniawski in "# $ and later re2ised in "#

The RMi ro%& su''ort s#ste$ , de2eloped by (almstrom in "##7, partly re2ised in /000.

)n the sheet C) (&T D T C, the input ratings or 2alues of of the parameters applied in the three systC+alculationsC sheet. s the three systems apply partly the same input parameters on rock mass andC(arameters tablesC sheet. or many of the parameters, common 2alues are automatically used if n!degree of 3ointing% for a crude estimate to be made. Fowe2er, the more input gi2en, the better the r

The influence of the rock stresses must be assessed and stress input gi2en in the C) (&T D T C s

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TEMS

ates of rock support:

em for 'T. (roc. )nt. *ymp. on *prayed +oncrete, agernes, orway "##$, orwegian +oncrete

wing thirty years of de2elopment and application in tunneling pro3ects. (roc. )*4' *ymp. E&4 +5

mass classifications. ohn ;iley < *ons, ew =ork, /7" pp.

port estimates by the 4'i. ournal of 4ock 'echanics and Tunnelling Technology, ?ol. @, o. " 'aclassification systems. www.rockmass.net, /7p

e to ad3ust ithe input ratings or 2alues for most of the parameters.

n in the sheet C4E*& T*C

?)*) 4 44)?) G T ((4 (4) TE 4E*& T*

ay be present. =ou are welcome to con2ey your comments

1, "# 7, "# @, and "#8#

ems are gi2en either as input symbols or as 2alues. The calculations are made in theground, the input 2alues parameters ha2e been combined as shown in the

o input has been gi2en. Thus, it is sufficient to insert only data for a few parametersesult found will be.

heet according to the *4 factor !in the Q-system%.

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ssociation, slo, /0 p.

/001. *al6burg, ustria, /001, pp. "7-"8.

y /000, pp. " A "# also in www.rockmass.net

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INPUT ATA on TUNNE( and GROUN CON ITIONSused in the RMR, Q and RMi ro%&$ass %)assi*i%ation s#ste$s

Pro+e%t" ate"

Tunne)" (o%ation"

O ser-er" Note"Ro%&.s/"

Input symbols are shown in blue below see also !Parameter tables!

In'ut 'ara$etersTunnel span or diameter !Dt%

Tunnel wall height !;t%

4QD !4ock Quality Designation%: 4QD H

Block 2olume !?b%: check input "or R#$ %ersus &b ?b H

?olumetric 3oint count ! 2%: 2 H

oint spacing: !a H I /m b H 0.@ - /m c H 0./ - 0.@m d H 0.0@ - 0./m e H J 0.0@m%

Block shape: !a H cubical blocks b H slightly long or flat blocks c H mod. long or flat blocks d H 2ery long or flat blocks%

oint sets: !aHno sets bH" set cH" setKrandom dH/ sets eH/ setsKrandom fH$ sets gH$ setsKrandom i H crushed%

!a H 2ery fa2ourable b H fa2ourable c H fair d H unfa2ourable e H 2ery unfa2ourable%in roof

in wall

oint smoothness: !a H 2. rough b H rough c H slightly rough d H smooth e H polished f H slickensided g H filled 3oints%

oint undulation: !a H discontin. b H strongly undulating c H mod. undul. d H slightly undul. e H planar f H filled 3oints%

o filling: !a H healed b H fresh LL no filling c H slightly altered d H altered e H sandLsilt coating f H clay coat.%

illing J ca. 7mm thickness: !h H sand L silt 3 H hard clay l H soft clay n H swelling clay%

illing I ca. 7mm thickness: !i H sand L silt k H hard clay m H soft clay o H swelling clay%

oint length: !a H crack b H parting c H 2. short !0."-"m% d H short !"-$m% e H medium !$-"0m% f H long !"0-$0m% g H seam or shear%

oint separation: !a H none b H 2.tight !J0."mm% c H tight !0."-0.7mm% d H mod.open !0.7-/.7mm% e H open !/.7-"0mm% f H 2. open%

)nterlocking or compactness of rockmass structure: !a H 2ery tight b H tight or compact c H disturbed d H poorly interlocked%

Ground water inflow to tunnel or ca2ern: !a H dry or damp b H wet c H dripping d H gushing e H flowing f H hea2ily flowing%

*tress le2el: 'input "or # and RMi( !a H 2ery low stress le2el b H low stress c H moderate L medium stress d H high stress%

4ock spalling or bursting: !e H moderate slabbing f H rock burst g H hea2y burst%

*Muee6ing: !h H moderate sMuee6e i H hea2y sMuee6e%

Type: !3 H multiple 6ones k H single 6one J70m l H single 6one I70m m H multiple shears M H crushed%

Thickness or width of 6one !m%: '%alid "or ) * 20m wide +ones(

!a H 2ery fa2ourable b H fa2ourable c H fair d H unfa2ourable e H 2ery unfa2ourable% in roof in wall

-./ 1wellin rock is not included

I F- 3ess important input has been i%en rey letters

Reference: A. Palmstrm, Q-R R-R i, !ersion ".#. Rock ass AS, ay "$$%

n s

t o

a r a m e

t e r

t a

e s

A0 +ompressi2e strength of rock !&+* or c%:

B0

Degree of 3ointing

B1

B2

B3

C0

ointingpattern

C1

C2 rientation ofmain 3oint set:C3

0 ointroughness1

2oint

alteration orweathering

3

4

E

F

G0

input of*4G1

2er-stressing

H0;eakness6one

!fault,etc.%

H1

H2 rientation of6one:H3

.he round may show stress problems4 5ou should e%aluate whether the rockmaha%e burstin or s6uee+in beha%iour and insert the appropriate symbol "or 1RF

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2er. /./-/."

INFORMATION AN COMMENTS

J - - u s e

i n p u

t s y m

b o

l ! *

% o r u n

i t

5 6 6

I N P U T or more details of the parameters, see the sheet C(arameter tablesC.

&o clear all lists of input symbols

fill C N C

3 m

471 m

008 '(a

9: O &b 7 )84) dm:, as calculated "rom R#$

09709 mP 3ointsLmP

d **

* *

% **

d **

% * - where unfa2ourable 3oint orientations occur and high water pressure can

d * - in tunnels where water. inflow can soften possible clay-containing 3oints.*

*

*

% *

m

*

*

;here no input has been gi2en, the generally most common 2alues or ratings are

- or 3oint spacing !input to 4'4%, block diameter is used as the a2erage spacing

- or C oint set number, nC !or 3 in the 4'i system% the 2alue generally 2aries wBased on this, the 3oint set number used is estimated according to Table +/ in

- The 4QD is found from 2 !2olumetric 3oint count% from the eMuation: 4QD H ""

ill input symbols for the input parameters as gi2en in blue or shown in the sheet C(arameters table

'nly input for one of the parameters for the ()egree of *ointing( +green cells is needed tomake a simple estimate.

o f s y m

b o

l s

a n

d

2 a

l u e s

or the other input parameters, common "% 2alues are automatically used if no input is gi2en. ;here

2alues on these other parameters are a2ailable, or can be estimated, fill in also for these to arri2e at amore accurate result.

Three 2arious measurements for the degree of 3ointing can be- RQ , ; ! block 2olume% and

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build up, and

used:

,

ith block si6e !or 4QD%.

- 1.7 2 !for 2 H /./ - /1.7%

s

sed:count%.

eded in the

nstalled. Theof

ordingly.

C(arameter tablesC

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The in'ut data =i-en and the %a)%u)ated resu)tsPro+e%t" ate"

Tunne)" (o%ation"

O ser-er" Note"

Ro%&.s/"

In'ut 'ara$eters In'ut -a)ues and ratin=s used

Tunnel dataTunnel span !m% *pan H 1 *pan H 1 Dt H 1 ;all height !m% ;all H 7./ ;all H 7./ ;t H 7./

. 4ock " " H "/ - ""0 '(a

B" 4ock Quality Designation !4QD%: / H " 4QD H 8 -B/ - - ?b H " ." m$B$ oint spacing: $ H 8 - -+" Block shape factor: - - $@+/ umber of 3oint sets: - n H # 3 H "

+$ in roof: B H -7 - +o H ".7+1 in walls: - - +o H "D" oint smoothness:

roughness: 1c H "

r H /.7 3s H "

D/ oint undulation: - 3w H /.7

D$ oint alterationweathering: 1e H $

a H / 3 H /filling: 1d H @

D1 oint length or persisstence: 1a H 1 - 3 H ".7D7 oint separation or aperture: 1b H 7 - -

E +ompactness of rockmass: - - ) H "

Ground water inflow: 7 H "0 w H 0.@@ G; H "

G" *tress le2el: -*4 H "

* H "G/ - +g H -F" Type of weakness 6one: - -F/ Thickness or width of 6one: - - T6 H -F$ in roof: - - +o H -F1 in walls: - - +o H -

ote that swellin rock is not included

RMR Q RMi

- -=ontinuous > massi%e

.i ht structure

- -RMi > 3971

&ery hi h

in roof RMR > ?0 Q > 9704 G% > 3971

?ood Fair &ery ood

in walls 4'4 H @" " .8 7 /$@

in roof - -Sr > 079

&ery "a%ourable

in walls - -".7

&ery "a%ourable

;eakness 6one -

-Medium stress le%el

(otential stress problems ---I Minor

RMR "#8# Q "##$ RMi /008

ompress 2e s rengof intact

rock: c H

B. Degree of 3ointing Block 2olume:

+. ointingpattern

H

rientation of main 3oint set

D. ointcharac-teristics

E. )nter-locking

. Groundwater

G. 4ockstresses

F.;eakness6ones rientation

of 6one

RESU(TS FROM CA(CU(ATIONS !for conditions in tunnel or ca2ern%

+ontinuity of rockmass !related to tunnel% --I

)nterlocking of rockmass structure --IRo%& $ass @ua)it# !approN. strength, cm %

c$

Ground @ua)it# !related to stability%Qwall H Gc wall H

Blockiness !related to block instability% *r wall H

4ockmassstresses

Rock ass

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*r H *i6e ratio !geometrical factor in2ol2ing block diameter, tunnel span, plus number of 3oint sets and orientation of 3oints%Gc H Ground condition factor

Re"erence A4 Palmstrm, #*RMR*RMi, %ersion 24)4RockMass A1, May 2009+g H +ompetency of ground !+g H cm L H 4'i L %

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INTERIM CA(CU(ATIONS+/lue !alues and blue te0t can be ad*usted

Q6s#ste$ RMR s#ste$Para$eter ;a)ue Co$$ent Para$eter Ratin= Co$$ent

interim 4QD H 8 8 H 4QD calculated 4ock strength " H "/8 4QD / H "

umber of 3oint setsn H

from block 2olume !?b%

oint spacing rating $ H

from block diam. !Db%from input 2alue of n 8 from input of spacing

# from input 2alue of n :

oint si6e factorslength, 1a H 1

H "#

3s H "r H /.7

separation, 1b H 7 3w H /.7 oint smoothness roughness, 1c H "

/.7)nfilling

J 7mm 1d H

@

oint alteration factor a H

/ no filling I 7mmfilling J 7mm ;eathering 1e H $filling I7mm

1 ;ater 7 H "0 @et oint water factor w H 0.@@ oint orientation !in roof% B H -7 Fair

*4 H

" from *4 input, blocky ground RMR > ?0 1ood from *4 input, burst

2imit of R R:from *4 input, sMuee6ingfrom *4 input, 6one

0

Q -a)ueQ > 9704 3air

Qc H .8@7 including &+*Qwall H " .8 7

Tunnel data 4'&5: blue !alues and blue te0t can be ad*usted *pan H 1

; all height H 7./

2imit of Q:

RMi s#ste$07 RMi Basi% 'ara$eters 37 RMi %a)%u)ations in ea&ness ones

Para$eter ;a)ue Co$$ent Para$eter ;a)ue Co$$ent

4ock strength ""0 '(a 9one width T6 H - m 3s H "

34 H /.7 9one orientation- roof

3w H /.7 - wall/.7 Ground conditions in 6one, 4'i LG; H

oint alteration factor 3 H

/ no filling 4oof conditionfilling J 7mm ;all conditionfilling I7mm

*i6e ratio 6oneroof

1 walloint si6e factor 3 H ".7

9one width 2s. tunnel si6eT6 I DtR - roof

oint condition factor 3+ H ".8 7 T6 I ;tR - wallBlock shape factor $@

2imit of R i:Block 2olume ?b H " ." mP

Block diameter Db H $.1$#11 mointing parameter ( H 0.@#/7

'assi2ity factor 0.1/#01 47 Ro%&$ass %ontinuit#)nterlockingLLcompactness ) H " 4oof: ontinuous 6 massi!e

Ro%& Mass indeD RMi > 3970 3 ery high ;all: ontinuous 6 massi!e

17 RMi %a)%u)ations in dis%ontinuous =round ?7 Ro%&$ass stresses .*ro$ in'ut o* SRF/Para$eter ;a)ue Co$$ent )nput stress le2el * H Medium stress le%el

Tunnel span Dt H 1 m Ground competency +g H - 'appro imate(;all height ;t H 7./ m (otential stress problems: Minor

"."@/#8 roof ".7""8 wall

Ground water G; H "

*tress le2el * H "

b f 3 i3 H

from block si6e

from input 2alue

4ock QualityDesignation 4QD used H

$ used Hn used H

ointcharac-teristics

oint roughnessfactor

r used H

lteration !infillingKweathering% used Ha used H

*tress reductionfactor

*4 used H

Hoint roughness

factor

+o 6one H+o 6one H

34 used HGc roof HGc wall HSr roo* >

3 used H Sr a)) >

H

f H

4ockmasscontinuity factor

+ roof H+ wall H

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" wall Fa%ourable

3970 32 &ery ood 1247 90

Si e ratio079 &ery "a%ourable074 &ery "a%ourable

+o H

Ground %ondition*a%tor, G%

Gc roof HGc wall HSr roo* >Sr a)) >

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C(ASSIFICATIONSC)assi*i%ation o* RMR4'4 H "00 - 80 ?ery good4'4 H 80 - @0 Good4'4 H @0 - 10 air 4'4 H 10 - /0 (oor 4'4 H /0 - 0 ?ery poor

C)assi*i%ation o* QQ H "000 - 100 ENcept, goodQ H 100 - "00 ENtremely goodQ H "00 - 10 ?ery goodQ H 10 - "0 GoodQ H "0 - 1 air Q H 1 - " (oor Q H " - 0." ?ery poor Q H 0." - 0.0" ENtremely poor Q H 0.0" - 0.00" ENceptionally poor

C)assi*i%ation o* RMi4'i H "00 - 10 ?ery high4'i H 10 - "0 Figh4'i H "0 - " 'oderate4'i H " - 0.1 ow4'i H 0.1 - 0." ?ery low4'i H 0." - 0.0" ENtremely low

C)assi*i%ation o* =round %ondition *a%tor .G%/Gc I 10 ?ery good

Gc H 10 - "0 GoodGc H "0 - " air Gc H " - 0.1 (oor Gc H 0.1 - 0." ?ery poor

Gc H 0." - 0.0" ENtremely poor

C)assi*i%ation o* Si e ratio .Sr/ Su==ested *or Sr G%

*r J 1 ?ery fa2ourable *rLGc J 0." 2ery good*r H 1 - "0 a2ourable *rLGc H " good*r H "0 - 10 air 10 fair *r H 10 - "00 &nfa2ourable /70 poor *r H "00 - 100 ?ery unfa2ourable /000 2ery poor

*r I 100 ENtremely unfa2ourable I /000 eNtremely poor

C)assi*i%ation o* %ontinuit# .CF/ es%ri'ti-e +ointin= %)asses+ H 0 - $ +ontinuous L massi2e massi%e > solid massi2e or intact+ H $ - @ +ontinuous LL discontin. massi%e > blocky + H @ - 10 Discontinuous blocky 3ointed or fractured+ H 10 - @0 Discontinuous LL contin. blocky > bulky + H @0 - 8 +ontinuous L particulate bulky >particulate highly 3ointed or broken

weakness 6one crushed 6one or faul t 6one

4'&5: blue !alues and blue te0t can be ad*usted

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Corre)ations o* the in'ut 'ara$eters to Q, RMR and RMialues used in the spreadsheet are sho7n in blue8 common !alues used are gi!en in the green cells

A ROC Sin'ut

RMR Q

A0 " H - *oil J 1 0

4ock

?ery low strength " - 7 "

ow strength 7 - /7 /

'oderate strength /7 - 70 1

'edium strength 70 - "00 co

Figh strength "00 - /70 01

?ery high strength I /70 "7

B EGREE OF

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a2ourable 61

ot includedair c -7

&nfa2ourable d -"0

?ery unfa2ourable e -"/

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E INTER(OC ING OF ROC MASS STRUCTUREin'ut

RMR QCo$'a%tness o* ro%&$ass - -?ery tight structure &ndisturbed rock mass, well interlocked a

ot includedTight structure &ndisturbed rock mass with some 3oint setsDisturbed L open olded L faulted with angular blocks c

(oorly interlocked Broken with angular and rounded blocks d

-./ Interlockin has been introduced in this spreadsheet based on its e""ects presented in the ?1I system

F GROUN !ATERin'ut

RMR Q 7 H w H

Dry or damp no water inflow a "7 0

;et inflow J "0 litresLmin " - /.7 kgLcmU 08 0.@@

Dripping "0 - /7 litresLmin/.7 - "0 kgLcmU

c 0.7

Gushing Loutwashing /7 - "/7 litresLmin d 1 0.$

lowing, decaying inflow I "/7 litresLmin e 0 0."7 utsFea2ily flowing, without noticeable decay f utside limit of 4'4 0.08

G ROC STRESSES .stresses around tunne)/in'ut

RMR QG0 Stress )e-e) stresses e)o ro%&$ass stren=th - *4 H

?ery low stress le2el !in portals% a

ot included

/.7ow stress le2el b

'edium stress le2el % 0

Figh stress le2el d 0.@

G1 O-erstressin= stresses eD%eed ro%&$ass stren=th - *4 H'oderate slabbing after I" hr e

ot included

/7

*labbing and rock burst after few minutes f "00

Fea2y rock burst g $00

2erstressing in deformable rock mass'ild sMuee6ing h "0

Fea2y sMuee6ing i /0

H !EA NESS ONES /in'ut

RMR QH0 T#'e o* ea&ness one - *4 H

'ultiple weakness 6ones any depth 3 "0

*ingle weakness 6onedepth J 70m k 7

depth I 70m ) /.7

'ultiple shear 6ones any depth m .7

*ingle shear 6onedepth J 70m n 7

depth I 70m o /.7

oose, open 3oints any depth p 7

any depth M 7

H1 Si e o* the one - -Thickness or width of the 6one !T6% use -a)ue ot included ot included ;idth of

- -

?ery fa2ourable a

ot included ot included

a2ourable b

air c

&nfa2ourable d?ery unfa2ourable e

(artly included inC oint separation orapertureCBack

In*)o to tunne) or %a-ern or

"%

p w J " kgLcmU

Back pw I "0 kgLcmU

-./L ?@ is related to roundwater!s in"luence on rockmass stability4 )( @ater pressure can be applied in the #*system

*tresses below rockmass strength ! J cm %

Back

+

2erstressing! I cm %in massi2e, brittle rock

Back

+g H competency of ground 7 tan ential stresses around the openin cm RMi 7 compressi%e stren th o" rock mass

;eakness 6ones andshears are noteNplicitly included in

4'4

Typ6onesnot eN

BackFea2ily 3ointed !Vsugar cubeV%

Back, Orientation o* one related to eNca2ation !F$ in roof F1 in walls%

Back

G(Most weakness +ones should be especially e%aluated to ether with the use o" en ineerin ;ud ement

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4'&5: blue !alues can be ad*usted

Mi

2alue H

8

Mi

-

cluded

H

lue of ?b

*

cluded

-

cluded

Mi

/

2?7

/70

70 Esti$ated

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a2ourable J 0 X /0 $0 - @0 all

a l l s

t r i k e s 17 - @0

.7air

70 - 0 I /0X $0 X 17 $0 - 17

X 70 /0 - 17

&nfa2ourable $0 - 70 W 17 X $0 I 17 "7 - $0

?ery unfa2ourable X $0 W 17 X "7

Mi

H

.7

14

7

.7

H

.7

73

H

7

Ht I ca. 7mm

-

8 J-- 1 88 J-- @ 7 - "0

"/ J-- 8 "/"8 J-- 8 - "/ "$ - /0

H

.7

7

.7

Ran=e o*

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Mi H

.$

J--.8

.7

Mi H For RMi"

J-- when the ground water has minor influence on stability

.7 J-- when the ground water has some influence on stability

J-- when the ground water has significant influence on stability

mit of 4'iJ-- 0." - 0./

J-- 0.07 - "

used in Q system

MiAssu$ed )i$its Gi-en in the Q6s#ste$

." 4ange of *4

.7 J 0.0/ " - /.7 I /00 0.0"0.0/ - 0.7 " /00 - "0 0.$

.7 0.7 - 0. 0.7 - / "0 - 7 0.7

7 0. - " 7 - 70 7 - $ 0.@7.1 " - ". 70 - /00 $ - / "

7 I ". /00 - 100 J / J "7 " - 7 7 - "0 0.@7

assumed 2alues.7 I 7 "0 - /0 "

'aN )')T used H /0

i

H C)assi*i%ation o* one orientation re)ated to tunne)

6one in m TERM

In one !A(( In o''osite !A(( In ROOF6 H

?ery fa2ourable W 0 all I @0 all

a l l s

t r i k e s

I @0

a2ourable J 0 X /0 $0 - @0 all 17 - @0

.7air

70 - 0 I /0X $0 X 17 $0 - 17

X 70 /0 - 17

&nfa2ourable $0 - 70 W 17 X $0 I 17 "7 - $0

?ery unfa2ourable X $0 W 17 X "7

The rating2alues arebased on theG*) system

H L cm % c L " Lc

'i L

% in the Q system c L" and Lcm are used

eaknessshears arely included'i

strike ! o% dip !o% strike !o% dip !o% dip !o%

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The RMR su''ort ta )e .*or tunne)s ith 08$ s'an/

Ground %)ass

!/0 mm diam., fully bonded%

".?ery good rock ull face:Generally

4'4: 8"-"00 $m ad2ance/. Good rock ull face:4'4: @"-80 ".0 - ".7m ad2ance

+omplete support /0 m from face$. air rock Top heading and bench:4'4: 1"-@0 ".7 - $m ad2ance in top heading

+ommence support after each blast+ommence support "0 m from face

1. (oor rock Top heading and bench:4'4: /"-10 ".0 - ".7m ad2ance in top heading

7. ?ery poor rock 'ultiple dr ifts:4'4 J /" 0.7 - ".7m ad2ance in top heading

ED%a-ation !drill and blast% 4ock bolts

ocally bolts in crown, $m long,spaced /.7m with occasionalwire mesh

*ystematic bolts 1m long,spaced ".7 - /m in crown andwalls with wire mesh in crown

*ystematic bolts 1 - 7m long,spaced " - ".7m in crown andwalls with wire mesh)nstall support concurrently with eNca2ation - "0 m

from face

*ystematic bolts 7 - @m long,spaced " - ".7m in crown andwalls with wire mesh. Bolt in2ert)nstall support concurrently with eNca2ation

shotcrete as soon as possible after blasting

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Ro%& su''ort

*hotcrete *teel sets

no support reMuired eNcept for occasional spot bolting

70mm in crown where reMuired one

one

ight ribs spaced ".7m where reMuired

70 - "00mm in crown, and $0mm insides

"00 - "70mm in crown and "00mmin sides

"70 - /00mm in crown, "70mm insides, and 70mm on face

'edium to hea2y ribs spaced 0. 7mwith steel lagging and forepoling ifreMuired. +lose in2ert

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"00

70

/0

"0

7

/

"0.00" 0.001 0.0" 0.01 0." 0.1 " 1 "0 10 "00 100 "000

G F E C B A

ENceptionallypoor

ENtremelypoor

?erypoor (oor air Good

?erygood

ENt.good

ENc.good

/0

""

7

$

/.1

".7

B ol t l en g

t h i nm f or E

* 4H"

S ' a n o r

h e

i = h t i n $

E S R

Ro%& $ass @ua)it# Q > D D

ROC C(ASSES

: 9 ? 4 3 2 1 0

/ 7 c m

" 7 c m " /

c m

# c m

7 c m

1 c m

".0 m

".$ m

".@ m

/.0 m

$.0 m

1.0 m

".0 m

"./ m".$ m

".7 m". m

/." m/.$ m /.7 m

B o l t s p

a c i n g i n u

n s h o t c r

e t e d a

r e a s

B o l t s p a c in

g i n s h o t c r e

t e d a r e a

RQ

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The RMi ro%& su''ort %hart *or +ointed ro%& and ea&ness ones The RMi ro%& su' 'ort %hart *or o-erstress

0888 0

@ 0

@ 00

1 0

1 00

/ 0

/ 00

08

/

"

1

@

8

S i C e r a

t i o

. S r /

" 7 0 m

m

1 0 m m

ON(Y ROC BO(TS

7 0 m m

G% > RMi D 0

" 0 0 m

m

8780 0 . 0 / 0 . 0 1 87 0 0 . / 0 . 1 0. @ 0 / 1 @ 08 / 0 1 0 @ 0 @ 0 0088 / 0 0 1 0 0

Ground %ondition *a%tor

* r H

! D t L D b % N 5 /

s h o r t

) a s t r

o u n d ,

s h o t %

r e t e @

u i % & ) #

a * t e r

) a s t ,

' ) u s

C O N C

R E T E

( I N I N G

S P E C

I A ( E

S I G N E

S H O

T C R E

T E

o r % o

n % r e t e

) i n i n =

f ib re r e in f o r c e m e n t

E i m i t

E i m i t

s ' a %

i n =

i n s

h o t %

r e t e d a r e a

imit

RMi ro%& su''or t %hart *or +oi nted ro%&s and ea&ness onesalso for initial support in o2erstressed, particulate ground

Dt H diameter of tunnel !span or wall height%Db H diameter of representati2e rock blockT6 H thickness !width% of weakness 6ones5" and 5/ are ad3ustment factors

5" H* H stress le2elB

%

! + H factor for roof 2s. wallB G; H water inflowB

) H interlocking of rockmass structure%

* N + N G; N )

F o r B e a

& n e s s C o n e s w

i t h t h i c k n e s s

T 6 J D t : * r H

! T 6 L

D b % N

5 /

e l s e

* r H

! D t L D b % N

5 /

" . 7 - "

. G

"./-".7"N" - ".7N".7m

" . G

- /

/ - / . 7

/ . 7

- $

" . 7 - /

/ - / . 7

/ . 7 - $

4 o c k b o l t s p a c i n g

I $ N $ m SHOTCRETE AN ROC BO(TS

/ 0 0 m m

@ 0 m m

5/ H !+oL 3% !+o H factor for orientati on of 3oi nt set or weakness 6one,3 H factor for number of 3oi nt sets%

F o r

) o % & # a n

d ' a r t

i % u ) a t e = r o u n

d

8 0 m m

Ro%& , o ) t

* ( E + ) - D E * ) G E D

4 . + 5

* & ( ( . 4 T

* ( E + ) - D E * ) G E

D

4 . + 5

* & ( ( . 4 T

0

8/12/2019 (150-250) RMR-Q-RMi_v2-1

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d ro%&

ote: use it with care, as there might be uncertainties in stress measurement or in calculations,and the fact that the chart for sMuee6ing is based on a limited amount of cases

Co$'eten%# *a%tor C= > RMi

"0/.7"

"0.

0.7

0.70.$7

0./

mild

lightfair hea2y2ery hea2y

highstressle2elhea2y2ery hea2y

SCA(INGJ

SPOT BO(TINGNO ROCSUPPORT

FOR MASSI;E ROC S"

FOR PARTICU(ATE ROC S"

4 +5 *&(( 4T

Kse supp ort char t"or ;ointed rocks

s@uee in=

ro%& ,urst s'a))in=

d u %

t i ) e , $ a s s i - e

a n d s o $ e

' a r

t i % u ) a

t e r o %

& s

r i

t t ) e

,

$ a s s i - e

r o % & s

o-erstressed .in%o$'etent/

REINFORCE SHOTCRETE !thickness mm%

FIBRECRETE !thickness, mm%188 66604 8 6666 01 8 666 8 6666 98 6666 48 666

188 6 6 6 048 6 6 6 018 6 6 6 088 6 6 6 :8 6 6 6 ?8

071 6 6 6 6 074 6 6 6 6 6 079 6 6 6 6 6 1 6 6 6 6 174 6 6 6 6 6 2

071 6 6 6 6 074 6 6 6 6 079 6 6 6 6 6 1 6 6 6 6 174 6 6 6 6 6 2

ROC BO(TS !spacing, m%

ROC BO(TS !spacing, m%

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So$e ro%& 'ro'erties

4 +5 T=(E

&niaNial 4ating of

4 +5 T=(E

&niaNialcompressi2e the factor compressi2e

strength !'(a% strength !'(a%

low - a2erage - high !see notes% low - a2erage - high

* E D ) ' E T 4 = 4 . + 5 *

+oal "@ - /"- /@

' E T ' . 4 ( F ) +

4 . + 5 *

mphibolite 7 - "/7 - /70+laystone / - 7 - "0 $.1 mphibolitic gneiss #7 - "@0 - /$0+onglomerate 0 - 87 - "00 !/0% ugen gneiss #7 - "@0 - /$0+oral chalk $ - "0 - "8 ./ Black shale $7 - 0 - "07Dolomite @0 - "00 - $00 "0." Garnet mica schist 7 - "07 - "$0

imestone 70 - "00 - "80 8.1 Granite gneiss 80 - "/0 - "77'udstone 17 - #7 - "17 Granulite 80 - "70 - /80*hale $@ - #7 - " / Gneiss 80 - "$0 - "87*andstone 7 - "/0 - "@0 "8.8 Gneiss granite @7 - "07 - "10*iltstone "0 - 80 - "80 #.@ Greenschist @7 - 7 - 87Tuff $ - /7 - "70 Greenstone "/0 - " 0 - /80

) G E . & * 4 . + 5 *

ndesite 7 - "10 - $00 "8.# Greywacke "00 - "/0 - "17 northosite 10 - "/7 - /"0 'arble @0 - "$0 - /$0Basalt "00 - "@7 - $77 !" % 'ica gneiss 77 - 80 - "00Diabase !dolerite% // - /80 - $"# "7./ 'ica Muart6ite 17 - 87 - "/7Diorite "00 - "10 - "#0 !/ % 'ica schist /0 - 80 - " 0Gabbro "#0 - /10 - /87 /7.8 'ylonite @7 - #0 - "/0Granite #7 - "@0 - /$0 $/. (hyllite /" - 70 - 80Granodiorite 7 - "07 - "$7 !/0% Quart6 sandstone 0 - "/0 - " 7'on6onite 87 - "17 - /$0 !$0% Quart6ite 7 - "17 - /17

epheline syenite "/7 - "@7 - /00 Quart6itic phyllite 17 - "00 - "77orite /#0 - /#8 - $/@ /". *erpentinite @7 - "$7 - /00

(egmatite $# - 70 - @/ *late "/0 - "#0 - $004hyolite - 87 R - !/0% Talc schist 17 - @7 - #0*yenite 7 - "70 - /$0 !$0%&ltrabasic rock 80 - "@0 - $@0

* . )

?ery soft clay 0.0/7

* . )

*tiff clay 0." - 0./7*oft clay 0.0/7 - 0.07 ?ery stiff clay 0./7 - 0.7

irm clay 0.07 - 0." Fard clay 0.7 - "*ilt, sand 0.000" - 0.00"

ote": The Foek - Brown failure criterion for rock masses ote /: ?alues in brackets ha2e been assumed

The compressi2e strength 2alues gi2en are based on measurements by *) TE , orway

K IANIA3 =-MPR/11I&/ 1.R/ ?.O A $ RA.I ?1 -F .O/ m i FA=.-R I O-/ *QR-@ FAI3=RI./RI- F-R R-= MA11/1

m i

8/12/2019 (150-250) RMR-Q-RMi_v2-1

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4ating of the factor

!see notes%

$"./!$"%!$0%

!$0%

/#./!$0%

!/0%

#.$!$0%!/7%!"7%

!"$%

/$.

"".1!"0%

KR/

m i