146477015 Pipe Rack Rack Piping

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PIPE RACK / WAYS

&

RACK PIPINGBy,

Akshaya Sharma

Associate EngineerPiping Department

Date 16thNov 2006


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INTRODUCTION

PIPE RACK Pipe Rack design criteria

Shapes Future Space Width of Pipe Rack

Clearance Pipe Rack Loading

RACK PIPING Positions of Lines (Process & Utilities) Hot Lines & Cold Lines

Bigger Size Lines Pipe Spacing Anchor Bay Unit Battery Limit Expansion Loops Pipe Route Trays

Contents


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A pipe rack is the main artery of a process unit. It connects all equipmentwith lines that cannot run through adjacent areas. Because it is located inthe middle of the most plants, the pipe rack must be erected first, before itbecomes obstructed by rows of equipment. Pipe racks carry process, utilitypiping and also include instrument and electrical cable trays as well as

equipment mounted over all of these.

The primary data required for detailed development of a pipe rack :-

Plot Plan

P&IDs Client Specification

Construction Materials

Fire proofing requirements

Statutory requirements

INTRODUCTION


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Shapes There are various shapes of pipe rack like L/T/U/H/Z. These shapes

shall be considered based on the area available.

Future Space

The total width of the pipe rack shall include 25% extra space forfuture expansion/modification in unit for rack-width upto 16m and10% for rack-width above 16m. The future space %age is normallybased on the client requirements.

Width of Pipe rack The width of the rack shall be 6m, 8m or 10m for single bay and 12m,

16m or 20m for double bay having 4 tiers maximum. The spacingbetween pipe rack portals shall be taken as 6m in general. However itcan be increased to 8m depending on the size of the pumps to behoused below pipe rack.

PIPE RACK DESIGN CRITERIA


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RACK WIDTH SELECTION CRITERIA


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DIFFERENT SHAPES OF PIPE RACKS

DEAD END YARD LINES ENTER &

LEAVE ONE END OF THE RACK

STRAIGHT THROUGH YARD LINES

CAN ENTER & LEAVE BOTH ENDS

OF THE RACK

L-SHAPED YARD LINES CAN

ENTER & LEAVE NORTH & EASTOF THE RACK

T-SHAPED RACK PIPING CAN

ENTER & LEAVE THREE SIDES OF

THE RACK


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DIFFERENT SHAPES OF PIPE RACKS

COMPBINATION OF I & T SHAPEDRACK

U-SHAPED YARD LINE CAN ENTER& LEAVE ALL FOUR SIDES OF THE

RACK

COMPLEX RACK PIPING ARRANGEMENT

FOR VERY LARGE CHEMICAL PLANT


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Pipe rack loads shall be given by stress group to Civil &

structural discipline for pipe rack design.

Sustain Load (Dead Load) Weight of piping, valve and load insulation

Thermal Laod Load by thermal expansion of piping & Reaction force by

internal pressure of expansion bellows

Dynamic Laod Load by vibration of piping & by wind and earthquake

Sustained Load (Live Load) Liquid load for hydrostatic pressure test

PIPE RACK LOADING


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Position of Lines

Predominantly process lines are to be kept at lowertier and, utility & hot process lines on upper tier.

Hot Lines & Cold Lines

Generally hot lines & cold lines are to kept atdifferent tiers or at different groups on a tier.

Pipe Spacing Minimum spacing between adjacent lines shall be decided based

on O.D. of bigger size flange (minimum rating 300# to beconsidered), O.D. of the smaller pipe, individual insulationthickness and additional 25mm clearance. Even if flange is notappearing the min. spacing shall be based on above basis only.Actual line spacing, especially at L bend and loop locations,shall take care thermal expansion/thermal contraction/non-expansion of adjacent line. Non-expansion/thermal contraction

may stop the free expansion of the adjacent line at L bendlocation.

RACK PIPING


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Bigger Size Lines Large size lines (14 and larger) shall be arranged close to the

column in order to decrease the bending moment of beam. Waterlines more than 30 shall not be routed over pipe rack, these shallbe routed underground.

Anchor Bay Anchors on the racks are to be provided on the anchor bay if the

concept of anchor bay is adopted. Otherwise anchor shall bedistributed over two to three consecutive bays.

Anchors shall be provided within unit on all hot lines leaving theunit.

Pipe Route Racks shall be designed to give the piping shortest possible run

and to provide clear head rooms over main walkways, secondarywalkways and platforms.

RACK PIPING


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Trays Generally top tier is to be kept for Electrical cable trays (if not

provided in underground trench) and Instrument cable ducts/trays.Cable tray laying to take care of necessary clearances for the fireproofing of structure.

Battery Limit (ISBL) Process lines crossing units (within units or from unit to mainpipeway) are normally provided with a block valve, spectacle blindand drain valve. Block valves are to be grouped and locations ofblock valves in vertical run of pipe are preffered. If the blockvalves have to be located in an overhead pipe-way, staircase accessto a platform above the lines shall be provided.

RACK PIPING


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RACK PIPING


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RACK PIPING


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RACK PIPING


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EXPANSION LOOPS

MAKE LINES INTO A GROUP AND INSTALL A

LARGE SIZE PIPING AND HIGH TEMPERATURE

PIPING TO THE EDGE OF THE RACK

Expansion loop is provided on the high temperature

lines. This information shall be given by stress group.All the loops shall be located around one column only.


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THANK YOU

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146477015 Pipe Rack Rack Piping