1307446828000-Factors Influencing Creativity

7/29/2019 1307446828000-Factors Influencing Creativity

1/19

Factors influencingcreativity and

innovation--- creativity

B.V.L.NARAYANASPTM


2/19

Definitions (Amabile et al 1996)

Creativity is defined as Production of novel and useful ideas in any domain SEE ORDER IN DISORDER

Innovation is defined as Successful implementation of creative ideas in any organisation

Creativity of individuals and teams is the starting point forinnovation

Creativity and innovation are important Life is becoming increasingly complex, fast and changing at a

faster pace

Allows adaptation, maintain flexibility and is part of decision

making Creativity requires originality and flexibility

Contributes to physical and psychological health and optimalfunctioning


3/19

Factors influencing creativity Factors

Individual level

Group and organisational level

Category of

factors

Factors (Based on Amabile et al

1996)

Motivation Organisational motivation to innovate is the basicorientation towards innovation and supports for creativityand innovation

Resources Everything that an organisation has to aid work indomain targeted for innovation including training

Managementpractices

Refers to allowance of freedom in conduct of work,

provision of challenging and interesting work,

specification of clear strategic goals, formation of work

teams with diverse skills and perspectives, focus on

technology and reward and incentive structures

Groupcharacteristics

Norms, group cohesiveness, size , diversity, roles, task

characteristics, and problem solving approaches used


4/19


5/19

Factors affecting creativity

Category Factors (Amabile et al 1996)

Organisational

encouragement

Encouraging of risk taking and idea generation at all levels

Fair supportive evaluation of new ideas, Reward and

recognition of creativity, collaborative idea flow and

participatory decision making

Supervisory

encouragement

Goal clarity and clarity of problem definition, open

interactions, support for team work and ideas,

Work group

encouragement

Diversity of team members background, mutual openness to

ideas, constructive challenging of ideas, shared commitment

Autonomy Autonomy in day to day conduct of work, sense of ownershipand control over work and ideas

Resources Adequacy of allocation indicating importance, time

Pressures Excessive work load pressure, challenge due to intrinsic nature

Organisational

impediments

Internal strife, conservatism, rigid and formal management

structures


6/19

Factors at individual level

Age

creativity decreases with age unless individual is intentionallycreative

Intelligence- certain level required for certain measures of creativity only.

Personality-

high valuation of aesthetic qualities in experiences, interests,attraction to complexity, independence of judgment, autonomy,intuition , self confidence, ability to resolve conflicting traits in selfand belief that self is creative

Dispositions- high level of intrinsic motivation, follow intrinsic interests, free

from evaluations and constraints

Capabilities Insight is a result of integration of previously learned behaviors

potential


7/19

Processes influencing creativity

Associative process is involved in divergent thinking andproblem solving

Cognitive flexibility-process by which obvious patterns ofthinking are discarded and new higher order rules areadopted

Intrinsic motivationprocess where people feel motivatedby interest, challenge and satisfaction of work itself

Creative thinking is capacity to put existing ideas in newcombinations and is facilitated by diversity of experienceand learning

Divergent thinkingprocess by which one extrapolatesmany possible answers to an initial stimulus or target data

Intuition of flash intelligence- flash of a recognition thatproblem is solved

Flow- when person is fully immersed in what is being doneand has a feeling of energized focus, shows fullinvolvement and success and excludes other stimuli


8/19

Pressures or impediments

Two types-alpha and beta Alpha is objective

Beta is based on individuals interpretations

Positive pressures

freedom, autonomy, good role models and resources(including time), encouragement specifically fororiginality, freedom from criticism, and norms inwhich innovation is prized and failure not fatal

Inhibiting pressures

lack of respect (specifically for originality), red tape,constraint, lack of autonomy and resources,inappropriate norms, project management, feedback,time pressure, competition, and unrealistic expectations


9/19

Resources influencing creativity

Time

Original ideas are remote with respect to

original problem

Creative ideas require time for incubation


10/19

Demographic factors

Birth order

Middle born children are more creative

family size Number of siblings

Interval among siblings

Family and school atmosphere Large families have authoritarian structures

Freedom and autonomy facilitates creativity


11/19

Neurological factors

Creativity reflects originality and appropriateness,intuition and logic. It requires both hemispheres

Requires consistent communication among many

areas in brain and increased emotional expression

Defocused attention

Knowledgedeclarative, factual, tactics or

procedural knowledge

Intuition, ability to consider two differentperspectives simultaneously, incubation,

imagination


12/19

Cognitive neuroscience of creativity

Creative thinking is the result of ordinary mentalprocesses

Human information processing is hierarchicallystructured and creative mentation lies at thehighestprefrontal cortex

Two different types of neural systems Emotional brain-attaches a value tag to incoming

information and enables evaluation of its biologicalsignificancedoes Me-relevant computation

Perceptual brain- performs detailed feature analysis ofincoming information enabling construction ofsophisticated representations that form basis forcognitive processing

Both the systems can be dissociated anatomically andprocessually.


13/19


Executive functionconsisting of integrating ofprocessed information, formulation of plans andstrategies for appropriate behavior and instructionof adjacent motor cortices for execution-requires

both systems

Emotional Process of evaluating the significance ofcomplex social situationsMe-relevant emotions

Cognitive process of Selective attention and Featureanalysis leading to mental models

Each have separate memories which track their

activities Full reintegration of these systems occurs in the pre-

frontal cortex

At all levels of functional hierarchy neural structureshave direct access to activation of the motor system


14/19


Pre-frontal cortex performs executive functions andthus is central to creative thinking

Enables higher cognitive functions such as selfconstruct, self reflective consciousness, abstractthinking, complex social functions, cognitive flexibility,

planning, and willed action

Other cognitive functions are working memory,temporal integration and sustained and directedattention

Two main parts Ventero-medialconnected to higher order emotional

processing systemdoes social function through me-relevant assessment

Dorso-medialconnected to higher order information andcognitive processing systemsdoes working memory,cognitive flexibility, temporal integration, ordering andsequencing and directed attention


15/19

Process of creativity

Every neural circuit can compute specificinformation and also produce novel combinations

More integrative the neural structure more

combinational novelty can occur

Appropriateness is a function of higher order

structures that assess a complex and changing set

of rules or values implicit in persons culture. This

generates a selection process which selects theappropriate idea out of many

Four types of creativity based on types of

structures and processing modes


16/19

Types of creativity

Attention is related to

retrieval of affectivememory. Insights depend

upon specific emotion and

conform to persons values

and norms. It is independent

of domain knowledge

Attention is related to search

for task related information.Quality of insights depends

upon expertise and how

flexible cognitively the pre-

frontal cortex isdomain

independent trait. Creativity is

domain specific.

Occur when neural activity

of emotional structures is

spontaneously represented

in working memory after an

intense emotional activity/

experience. Are not domain

specific. Require specific

skills. Called revelation

Insight has origin in associative

unconscious thinking when

thresholds are lowered

(Incubation) . Do not conform

to convention. Become

conscious when represented in

working memory. Depend upon

expertise

Deliberate

Spontaneous

Emotional Cognitive


17/19

Impediments to business creativity

(Amabile 1998)

Business creativity-requires both originality andappropriateness

Six set of factors impede business creativity

Challengematch work to persons capabilities

Freedom- autonomy to choose process not ends Resources-appropriate time and money

Work group featuresmutually supportive with diversityof perspectives and backgrounds

Supervisory supportin form of extrinsic rewards, praise,foster collaboration, communication

Organisational support- leaders who put in place systemsand processes which support creativity-support failures


18/19


19/19

Intrinsic

motivation

CREATIVITY

ExpertiseCreative

thinking

skills

THANKS-ANY QUESTIONS

Documents

1307446828000-Factors Influencing Creativity