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Well Planning Objective Well Planning Objective The objective of well planning The objective of well planning is to formulate a program from is to formulate a program from many variables for drilling a many variables for drilling a well that has the following well that has the following characteristics: characteristics: safe safe minimum cost minimum cost usable usable

1,2 -Well Planning Objective & Rig Sizing and Selection

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Page 1: 1,2 -Well Planning Objective & Rig Sizing and Selection

Well Planning ObjectiveWell Planning Objective

The objective of well planning is to The objective of well planning is to formulate a program from many formulate a program from many variables for drilling a well that has variables for drilling a well that has the following characteristics:the following characteristics:• • safesafe

• • minimum costminimum cost

• • usableusable

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Minimum Cost.Minimum Cost.

Minimize the cost of the well without Minimize the cost of the well without jeopardizing the safety aspects. jeopardizing the safety aspects.

Monies should be spent as Monies should be spent as necessary to develop a safe system.necessary to develop a safe system.

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Usable HolesUsable Holes

• • The hole diameter is sufficiently large The hole diameter is sufficiently large so an adequate completion can be so an adequate completion can be made.made.

• • The hole or producing formation is The hole or producing formation is not irreparably damagednot irreparably damaged..

  

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Classification of Well TypesClassification of Well Types

• • wildcatswildcats • • exploratory holesexploratory holes • • step-outsstep-outs • • infillsinfills • • reentriesreentries

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Formation PressuresFormation Pressures

Abnormal pressures affect the well Abnormal pressures affect the well plan in many areas, including the plan in many areas, including the following:following:

• • casing and tubing designcasing and tubing design

• • mud weight and type selectionmud weight and type selection

• • casing setting depth selectioncasing setting depth selection

• • cement planningcement planning

Page 6: 1,2 -Well Planning Objective & Rig Sizing and Selection

Formation Pressures Cont.Formation Pressures Cont.

The following problems must be The following problems must be considered as a result of high considered as a result of high formation pressures:formation pressures:

• • kicks and blowoutskicks and blowouts

• • differential pressure pipe stickingdifferential pressure pipe sticking

• • lost circulation resulting from high lost circulation resulting from high mud weightsmud weights

• • heaving shaleheaving shale

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Well PlanningWell Planning Prospect development Prospect development Data collectionData collection Pore pressure analysisPore pressure analysis Fracture gradient predictionFracture gradient prediction Pipe setting Pipe setting depth selectiondepth selection     Hole geometry selection Hole geometry selection Completion planningCompletion planning Mud planMud plan Cement planCement plan

Page 8: 1,2 -Well Planning Objective & Rig Sizing and Selection

Cont. Well PlanningCont. Well Planning

Bit program Bit program Casing design Casing design Tubing design Tubing design DrillstringDrillstring design design Rig sizing and selectionRig sizing and selection

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Well Project ManagementWell Project Management

These have covered the following areas:These have covered the following areas: Offset drilling and completion reviewsOffset drilling and completion reviews Well design and planningWell design and planning Well interventions and enhancementWell interventions and enhancement Scoping studiesScoping studies Completion designCompletion design Well abandonmentWell abandonment Conceptual field development studiesConceptual field development studies AFE preparationAFE preparation Equipment upgrade, selection and installationEquipment upgrade, selection and installation Drilling rig selectionDrilling rig selection Peer reviewsPeer reviews Development of operational programs and writing of wellDevelopment of operational programs and writing of well

Page 10: 1,2 -Well Planning Objective & Rig Sizing and Selection

Under-Balanced Drilling (UBD)Under-Balanced Drilling (UBD)PLanningPLanning

Implementation of UBD projects which includes:Implementation of UBD projects which includes: • • Reservoir and production modelingReservoir and production modeling • • Technical and commercial presentationsTechnical and commercial presentations • • Feasibility studies and candidate selectionFeasibility studies and candidate selection • • Equipment selection and optimizationEquipment selection and optimization • • Flow modelingFlow modeling • • Personnel trainingPersonnel training • • Planning and Programme preparationPlanning and Programme preparation • • Operations implementation and managementOperations implementation and management • • Operations close-out and follow upOperations close-out and follow up Drilling engineers should have an extensive data base from Drilling engineers should have an extensive data base from

past successful UBD projects which is used to ensure past successful UBD projects which is used to ensure planning and execution of Client UBDplanning and execution of Client UBD

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Well Programme PlanningWell Programme PlanningPrior to commencement of Well Operations. A typical example of such "deliverables" Prior to commencement of Well Operations. A typical example of such "deliverables"

being:being: Project PlanProject Plan Client specific Drilling Management SystemClient specific Drilling Management System Budget and AFE Documentation Budget and AFE Documentation Contracting Strategy DocumentContracting Strategy Document Rig and Service Contracting Documentation:Rig and Service Contracting Documentation: Drilling Rig(s) Invitation to Bid Scope of Work & Compensation Schedule FormatDrilling Rig(s) Invitation to Bid Scope of Work & Compensation Schedule Format Drilling and/or Well Completion Services Invitation (s) to Bid Scope of Work & Drilling and/or Well Completion Services Invitation (s) to Bid Scope of Work &

Compensation Schedule FormatCompensation Schedule Format Logistics Services Invitation (s) to Bid Scope of Work & Compensation Schedule Logistics Services Invitation (s) to Bid Scope of Work & Compensation Schedule

FormatFormat Technical and Commercial Bid EvaluationsTechnical and Commercial Bid Evaluations Rig Contract Finalized Scope of Work & Compensation ScheduleRig Contract Finalized Scope of Work & Compensation Schedule Drilling and/or Well Service Contracts Finalized Scope of Work & Compensation Drilling and/or Well Service Contracts Finalized Scope of Work & Compensation

ScheduleSchedule Logistics Service Contracts Finalized Scope of Work & Compensation ScheduleLogistics Service Contracts Finalized Scope of Work & Compensation Schedule Completion Design Review and OptimizationCompletion Design Review and Optimization Procurement Requirements for Development ProgrammeProcurement Requirements for Development Programme Offset Data Review and Casing DesignOffset Data Review and Casing Design

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Drilling Management SystemDrilling Management System Integrated system of documentation, which covers:Integrated system of documentation, which covers: Drilling Rig ContractingDrilling Rig Contracting Drilling Rig InspectionDrilling Rig Inspection Drilling Policy and ProceduresDrilling Policy and Procedures Risk Assessment ProceduresRisk Assessment Procedures Well Project PlanningWell Project Planning Health, Safety and Environmental GuidelinesHealth, Safety and Environmental Guidelines Safety Management SystemsSafety Management Systems Well Cost Monitoring and Cost Control ProceduresWell Cost Monitoring and Cost Control Procedures Drilling Rig and Service Company Contracting ProceduresDrilling Rig and Service Company Contracting Procedures Well Design and Engineering Change Management ProceduresWell Design and Engineering Change Management Procedures Emergency Response ProceduresEmergency Response Procedures H2S Safety ProceduresH2S Safety Procedures Well Control ProceduresWell Control Procedures Casing DesignCasing Design Directional Surveying Policy and ProceduresDirectional Surveying Policy and Procedures Drilling Supervisors GuideDrilling Supervisors Guide Well Testing ProceduresWell Testing Procedures Well Services ProceduresWell Services Procedures Materials Ordering and TrackingMaterials Ordering and Tracking Wellsite ReportingWellsite Reporting Lessons Learnt Data BaseLessons Learnt Data Base End of Well ReportingEnd of Well Reporting

Page 13: 1,2 -Well Planning Objective & Rig Sizing and Selection

Rig Sizing Rig Sizing

& &

SelectionSelection

Page 14: 1,2 -Well Planning Objective & Rig Sizing and Selection
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Top Criteria For Rig Selection..Top Criteria For Rig Selection..

1-Quality Of Supervision And Personnel1-Quality Of Supervision And Personnel 2-Hydraulic Horsepower Requirements.2-Hydraulic Horsepower Requirements. 3-Drill String Requirements (Preferred With Emphasis On 3-Drill String Requirements (Preferred With Emphasis On

Hydraulics).Hydraulics). 4-Requirements For Adequate Mud Handling4-Requirements For Adequate Mud Handling 5-Rotary Speed Requirements.5-Rotary Speed Requirements. 6-Derrick And Load Requirements ( Casing And Drill String).6-Derrick And Load Requirements ( Casing And Drill String). 7-Well Control Equipment Requirements7-Well Control Equipment Requirements

Page 16: 1,2 -Well Planning Objective & Rig Sizing and Selection

Considerations In Rig Selection.Considerations In Rig Selection.

1- Overall Mechanical Suitability .1- Overall Mechanical Suitability . 2- Capital Cost Or Contractual Rate.2- Capital Cost Or Contractual Rate. 3- Mobility.3- Mobility. 4- Dependability4- Dependability 5- Ease Of Operation.5- Ease Of Operation. 6. Past performance of rig under consideration6. Past performance of rig under consideration 7. Actual appraisal after rig inspection (preferably during a drilling 7. Actual appraisal after rig inspection (preferably during a drilling

operation)operation) 8. Type of formations to be drilled8. Type of formations to be drilled 9. Expected formation pressure to be en countered9. Expected formation pressure to be en countered 10. Hole and casing program, straight or deviated10. Hole and casing program, straight or deviated 11. Auxiliary equipment as required11. Auxiliary equipment as required

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What makes a rig effective?What makes a rig effective?

1. Can be rigged up and torn down rapidly1. Can be rigged up and torn down rapidly 2. Can be handled with minimum and con venient loads2. Can be handled with minimum and con venient loads 3. Can be rigged up or torn down without special cranes or other3. Can be rigged up or torn down without special cranes or other unusual mobile equipmentunusual mobile equipment 4. Can implement the optimized drilling program as planned.4. Can implement the optimized drilling program as planned.

Page 18: 1,2 -Well Planning Objective & Rig Sizing and Selection

a)a)          Optimized programs Optimized programs usually fail if:usually fail if:

Solids control is not maintained. Inadequate equipment and/or Solids control is not maintained. Inadequate equipment and/or super vision can cause this.super vision can cause this.

Hydraulics is inadequate. Lack of pump horsepower and/or too Hydraulics is inadequate. Lack of pump horsepower and/or too small a drill string causes this problem.small a drill string causes this problem.

Improper weight on bit is run. Lack of drill collars and/or not Improper weight on bit is run. Lack of drill collars and/or not running drill off tests to evaluate proper weight on bit causes this running drill off tests to evaluate proper weight on bit causes this problem.problem.

Rotary horsepower is limited. Sometimes a trade off between Rotary horsepower is limited. Sometimes a trade off between pump(s) and rotary table horsepower causes failure of optimized pump(s) and rotary table horsepower causes failure of optimized programprogram

Page 19: 1,2 -Well Planning Objective & Rig Sizing and Selection

Effective rigEffective rig

Round tripRound trip the pipe with a well-trained crew with the pipe with a well-trained crew with a minimum of time wasted. A good crew won't a minimum of time wasted. A good crew won't disturb hole stability on the trip because they disturb hole stability on the trip because they keep accurate trip trends and use good tripping keep accurate trip trends and use good tripping practicespractices

Personnel's attitude with respect to operator's Personnel's attitude with respect to operator's (and contractors) goals is good. Training in (and contractors) goals is good. Training in drilling technology and good communications drilling technology and good communications between contractor and operator personnel is the between contractor and operator personnel is the key to this. A competitive spirit of staying below key to this. A competitive spirit of staying below the drilling performance curve is very beneficial the drilling performance curve is very beneficial to overall effectivenessto overall effectiveness..

Page 20: 1,2 -Well Planning Objective & Rig Sizing and Selection

Rig requirements influence on drilling Rig requirements influence on drilling program implementationprogram implementation

1. Mud handling and solids control equipment1. Mud handling and solids control equipment 2. Hydraulic horsepower require ments 2. Hydraulic horsepower require ments 3. Rotary horsepower requirements3. Rotary horsepower requirements 4. Drill string requirements to pro vide good 4. Drill string requirements to pro vide good

hydraulics and hydraulics and weight on bitweight on bit 5. Derrick loading capacity for casing and 5. Derrick loading capacity for casing and

drilling operationsdrilling operations 6. Blowout preventer equipment re quirements6. Blowout preventer equipment re quirements

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The principal items in the The principal items in the hoisting system arehoisting system are

drawworksdrawworks crown and traveling blockscrown and traveling blocks wirelinewireline ancillary equipment such as ancillary equipment such as

elevator?, hooks, and bailselevator?, hooks, and bails

Page 22: 1,2 -Well Planning Objective & Rig Sizing and Selection

Mud handling and solids control Mud handling and solids control equipmentequipment

A- Shaker-Rig up properlyA- Shaker-Rig up properly. . Have enough shakers. As a rule of thumb use two shakers when drilling Have enough shakers. As a rule of thumb use two shakers when drilling

9-7/8" hole or larger.9-7/8" hole or larger.

B- Sand trap.B- Sand trap. Use a small (20 bbl) V-bottom sand trap below shakers to facilitate Use a small (20 bbl) V-bottom sand trap below shakers to facilitate

dumping and to prevent loading-up of downstream tanks.dumping and to prevent loading-up of downstream tanks.

C- Hydrocyclones.C- Hydrocyclones. Velocity should be 5-10 ft/sec in suction lines to prevent Velocity should be 5-10 ft/sec in suction lines to prevent

settling and cavitations. Size centrifugal pump to give 75 ft settling and cavitations. Size centrifugal pump to give 75 ft of head. of head.

∆∆p = 75 ft x 0.052 x MW.p = 75 ft x 0.052 x MW.The volume should be circulating rate plus 25 to 50% excess.The volume should be circulating rate plus 25 to 50% excess.

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Power SystemsPower Systems

Raw power is transmitted via one the following systems:Raw power is transmitted via one the following systems: mechanical drive mechanical drive direct current )DC) generator and motordirect current )DC) generator and motor alternating currant (AC), silicon controlled rectifier (SCR), direct alternating currant (AC), silicon controlled rectifier (SCR), direct current (DC) motor.current (DC) motor.

LoadLoad

Mechanical horsepower = ———Mechanical horsepower = ———

efficiency efficiency

Energy output - Energy inputEnergy output - Energy input E = ——————————————— E = ———————————————

Energy outputEnergy output

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Cont. Power Cont. Power SystemsSystems

The system efficiency is computed as (0.98)n, where n The system efficiency is computed as (0.98)n, where n is the number of shafts and chains. If more than one is the number of shafts and chains. If more than one engine is used, an average value is calculated.engine is used, an average value is calculated.

The mechanical horsepower requirements must be The mechanical horsepower requirements must be modified for harsh temperature environments or modified for harsh temperature environments or altitudes. According to API Standard 7B-IICaltitudes. According to API Standard 7B-IIC

* deduct 3 % of the standard brake horsepower for * deduct 3 % of the standard brake horsepower for each 1,000-ft rise in altitude above sea leveleach 1,000-ft rise in altitude above sea level

* deduct 1 % of the standard brake horsepower for * deduct 1 % of the standard brake horsepower for each 10 rise in temperature above 85 F-or add 1 % for each 10 rise in temperature above 85 F-or add 1 % for each 10 fall 85 F . The engine manufacturer should be each 10 fall 85 F . The engine manufacturer should be consulted for specific variances.consulted for specific variances.

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Cont. Power Cont. Power SystemsSystems Example Example A drilling rig is working in an arid climate at A drilling rig is working in an arid climate at

an elevation of 3,600 ft. During the day, the an elevation of 3,600 ft. During the day, the peak temperature is l05°F. The minimum peak temperature is l05°F. The minimum temperature (prior to dawn) is 45°F. The rig temperature (prior to dawn) is 45°F. The rig has three 1,000-hp prime movers. Determine has three 1,000-hp prime movers. Determine the minimum and maximum horsepower the minimum and maximum horsepower available during any 24-hr period.available during any 24-hr period.

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Cont. Power Cont. Power SystemsSystems SSolution:olution:1. The total available horsepower from the prime movers is 1. The total available horsepower from the prime movers is

3,000 hp.3,000 hp.2. The loss in horsepower due to altitude is:2. The loss in horsepower due to altitude is:{3% loss / 1,000 ft} x 3,600 ft x 3,000 hp = 324 hp{3% loss / 1,000 ft} x 3,600 ft x 3,000 hp = 324 hp 3,000 hp - 324 hp = 2,676 hp3,000 hp - 324 hp = 2,676 hp3. The minimum horsepower will occur at the maximum 3. The minimum horsepower will occur at the maximum

temperature:temperature:((1% loss / 10°F) x (105°F - 85°F) x 2,676 hp = 53.5 hp 1% loss / 10°F) x (105°F - 85°F) x 2,676 hp = 53.5 hp 2,676 - 53.5 = 2,622 hp2,676 - 53.5 = 2,622 hp4. Conversely, the maximum horsepower will occur at the 4. Conversely, the maximum horsepower will occur at the

minimum tem perature:minimum tem perature:((1% gain / 10°F) x (85°F - 45°F) x 2.676 hp = 107 hp 1% gain / 10°F) x (85°F - 45°F) x 2.676 hp = 107 hp 2,676 + 107 == 2,783 hp2,676 + 107 == 2,783 hp

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Typical hoisting system

Typical hoisting system

Page 28: 1,2 -Well Planning Objective & Rig Sizing and Selection

Solids Control EquipmentSolids Control Equipment

Shale ShakersShale Shakers HydrocyclonesHydrocyclones Desanders and Desilters Desanders and Desilters Mud Cleaner Mud Cleaner CentrifugeCentrifuge

Page 29: 1,2 -Well Planning Objective & Rig Sizing and Selection

Shale Shaker Running Shale Shaker Running Considerations:Considerations:

1. Keep shaker screens tight and well supported.1. Keep shaker screens tight and well supported. 2. Do not bypass shaker during drilling as this will overload all 2. Do not bypass shaker during drilling as this will overload all

the solids equipment downstream.the solids equipment downstream. 3. Remember that shakers remove mud solids finer than the 3. Remember that shakers remove mud solids finer than the

shaker screens. Do not destroy this action by adding water onto shaker screens. Do not destroy this action by adding water onto the shaker screen.the shaker screen.

4. Shaker capacity depends critically on mud PV. Mud PV is the 4. Shaker capacity depends critically on mud PV. Mud PV is the single most important factor that determines shaker cleaning. single most important factor that determines shaker cleaning.

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Blowout Preventer EquipmentBlowout Preventer Equipment

   5M- 13-5/8 - SRRA5M- 13-5/8 - SRRA