111

RL-ARM Real-Time LibraryTCPnet Networking Suite

Flash File SystemUSB and CAN InterfacesRTX Real-Time Kernel

222

Presentation Agenda Overview and Introduction

Embedded Connectivity Challenges

Components of the RL-ARM Real-Time Library

TCPnet Networking Suite Protocols, Applications and TCP/IP Components

Networking examples

Flash File System Structure and SD Memory Card example

USB Device Interface Device Driver Classes and HID example

CAN Interface CAN example

RTX Real-Time Kernel RTOS Concepts and examples

333

Embedded Connectivity Challenges Serial Interfaces

Best choice, wide support, easy implementation

CAN & USB Supported

Multiple Devices, Multiple Interfaces Need support for numerous standards

Need easy, high speed, PC style communication

Multi-Point Access Different parts of system need device access

Devices need to be system wide resource

Web and Remote Communication Access to web-based resources

Remote information transfer

Internet

444

Peripherals I/O Pins, Timers, PWM A/D and D/A converters UART, SPI, I2C Complex communication

Peripherals (CAN, USB, Ethernet)

Wide range of MCU Cores 8/16/32 Bit On-chip Memory Interrupt System

Customers expect supportfor specific Microcontrollers. Block Diagram of STR9x

Today’s Microcontroller Selection

JTAG Debug and Embedded Trace Macrocell

CAN Interface (2.0B)

Dual Burst Flash

512KB Main

32KB 2nd level

Power management, RTC, reset and watchdog, internal oscillator and PLL

80 GPIO Pins

96KB SRAM, optional battery back-up

16-bit standard Timers including PWM

10/100 Ethernet MAC with DMA and MII

USB Full-speed Slave9 Programmable DMA

Channels

96MHz ARM966-EJS

3-Phase Induction Motor Controller (IMC)

Three 16550-style UARTs

Two fast I2C, 400KHzTwo channels for SPI, SSI

or Microwire

10-bit A/D converter (eight channels)

Real-Time Clock

555

Peripherals I/O Pins, Timers, PWM A/D and D/A converters UART, SPI, I2C Complex communication

peripherals (CAN, USB, Ethernet)

Wide range of MCU Cores 8/16/32 Bit On-chip Memory Interrupt System

Customers expect supportfor specific Microcontrollers. Block Diagram of LPC2378

JTAG Debug and Embedded Trace Macrocell

2 CAN Channels

512KB On-chip Flash

Power management, RTC, reset and watchdog, internal oscillator and PLL

104 GPIO Pins

32KB SRAM, 2KB Battery back-up RAM

16-bit standard Timers including PWM

10/100 Ethernet MAC with DMA & 16KB Static RAM

USB 2.0 Interface with 8KB Static RAM

2 Programmable DMA Channels

72MHz ARM7TDMI-S

SD/MMC Memory Card I/F

10-bit D/A converter

Three I2C InterfacesTwo channels for SPI or

SSP

10-bit A/D converter (eight channels)

Four 16550-style UARTs

Today’s Microcontroller Selection

666

RL-ARM Real-Time Library

Meets Embedded Developers needs Solves common embedded challenges

Real-Time Systems Embedded communication & networking

Designed for use with MCU Devices

Extensive Range of Examples Easy to begin working. Can be used as building blocks.

Royalty Free Includes RTX source code. License – single user, multi project

Extensive library of common ready-to-use middleware components, speed software development.

RL-ARMRL-ARM

RTX Source Code

TCP/IP Suite

Flash File System

USB Device Interface

CAN Interface

Exa

mp

les

and

Tem

pla

tes

Real-Time Library

777

RL-TCPnetTCP/IP Networking Suite

888

Ground-up design for embedded applications, maximum performance, minimum memory requirement and easy to use.

TCPnet Networking Suite

Debugging Multiple debug levels:

Errors only Complete status information

Status information on UART interface

Socket Interface TCP/IP with sliding window

flow control UDP with multicasting

support Configurable listening

ports

Physical Interfaces Ethernet PPP (serial connection) SLIP (dial-up)

999

The Internet applications supported by TCPnet can be used to add powerful functionality to your embedded system.

TCPnet Networking Suite

HTTP Server with CGI Scripting Remote system configuration via on-line web forms, with utility to

upload file to memory cards. Supports XML scripts. SMTP Client

Remote system can send automatically emails with status or error reports

TFTP Server Fast file uploads to the remote embedded system – useful for

remote firmware updates Telnet Server

Command-line interaction with the remote system

101010

Flexible TCP/IP Communication Layer

TCPnet may be used with or without the RTX Kernel, fully integrated with µVision for easy configuration and debug

111111

Scalable TCP/IP Connectivity

Crossover Patch-Cable

Direct PC connection Easily replaces point-point

serial connection High Speed ~100Mbps

121212

Scalable TCP/IP Connectivity

LAN

Ethernet Switch

Simple Network More flexible system Easily expanded

131313

Scalable TCP/IP Connectivity

LAN

Ethernet Switch

Complex Network Multiple devices and interfaces Easy data sharing Flexible configuration

141414

Scalable TCP/IP Connectivity

LAN

Router

Internet

Internet Connectivity TCPnet provides easy solution

to connect to the world

151515

Serial TCP/IP Connectivity

Modem

RS232

PPP/SLIP

Telephone Line

Internet

Classic Serial Modem Interface TCPnet provides serial interface

support for PPP/SLIP

161616

Flexible TCP/IP Connectivity

Telephone Line

Internet

Cellular / Wireless Interface Extended to wireless world

GPRS/GSM

Modem

RS232

PPP/SLIP

RS232

PPP/SLIP

171717

RL-ARM ExamplesExamples and Templates

181818

Example Projects show a complete configuration and help you to get started quickly. All examples are ready to run on Evaluation Boards.

RTOS Kernel Examples

Artx_ex1 Use basic RTOS kernel features: timeouts & signals

Artx_ex2 Show task priorities and signal passing

Mailbox Using the Mailbox and Memory Allocation functions

Traffic Complete Traffic Light Controller with serial communication

TCPnet Networking Examples (run on Atmel, NXP and ST Evaluation Boards)

Http_demo HTTP Server with Password Protection and CGI Scripting

Telnet_demo Telnet Server shows a simple IP based command line interface

DNS_demo Using the DNS Resolver that connects to host names

LEDSwitch Controlling with TCP/IP, UCP via Ethernet, SLIP or PPP Link

SMTP_demo Shows sending of a dynamic message to an email address

..\Examples

..\Boards

RTX & TCPnet Examples

191919

HTTP Server with CGI Interface Server provides authentication and allows multiple sessions A CGI interface allows interaction with MCU hardware

RTX & TCPnet Examples

202020

LED Switch LEDs can be controlled via PC or other eval board Uses TCP and UDP

TCPnet Examples

LAN

Ethernet Switch

PC running LED Switch Client

Evaluation Boards with LED Switch Client

LEDSwitch Utility(complete source code in

\Keil\ARM\Utilities\LEDSwitch)

212121

TCPnet Examples: Memory Footprint

Demo Example ROM Size RAM Size

HTTP Server (without RTX Kernel) 25.6 KBytes 20.0 KBytes

Telnet Server 20.4 KBytes 20.0 KBytes

TFTP Server 20.6 KBytes 24.7 KBytes

SMTP Client 16.7 KBytes 19.5 KBytes

DNS Resolver 12.7 KBytes 19.6 KBytes

HTTP Server: Web Server supporting dynamic Web pages and CGI Scripting Telnet Server: with command line interface, authorization etc TFTP Server: for uploading files (for example Web pages to a Web Server) SMTP Client: for sending automated emails DNS Resolver: used to resolve IP address from the Host name

222222

RL-FlashFSFlash File System

232323

Flash File System (RL-FlashFS)

RL-ARM includes a Flash File System that can create, save, read and modify files on ROM, RAM, classic Flash ROM, and Memory Cards

File Systems Supported File Tables in ROM

FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32

Long file name support

Sub-folder support

Classic C File I/O Functions interface Uses standard C library functions such as fopen or fread

Allows simultaneous access to different media from multiple threads

Time Stamps supported (only interface to RTC needed)

Flash File System

Flash DriverFile Table FAT12/16

Flash ROMRAM SD/MMC

Standard C File I/O Functions

ROM

242424

Flash File System (RL-FlashFS)

RL-FlashFS supports a variety of memory types.

Flash Memory Devices

Flash programming algorithms provided for popular microcontrollers (on-chip Flash) and memory devices (off-chip Flash)

Configurable algorithm similar to ULINK2 Flash Programming provided for all microcontrollers in the Device Database

SD / MMC Memory Cards

Via proven SPI or MMC interface available in many ARM based Microcontrollers

Format and De-fragmentation Functions

Faster read/write access with multiple block read/write commands

File caching and memory card hot plug supported

252525

RL-FlashFS Examples SD Memory Card

Simple Command Interface Targets for UART and Real-

Time Agent

SD Card

Flash File System Examples ROM Size RAM Size

Example: File System on on-chip Flash 21 KBytes 4.5 KBytes

Example: File System on SD Card 31 KBytes 10.1 KBytes

262626

RL-USBUSB Device Interface

272727

USB Device Interface (RL-USB)

RL-ARM includes Device Interfaces for common USB device classeswhich have default support in Windows 2000/XP/Vista (no driver hassle).

Common USB Device Classes Human Interface Device (HID): Mouse, Keyboard, Control Device

Audio Device: Speaker, Microphone, Audio CD

Mass Storage Device (MSD): USB Stick, Camera, (any external files)

Communication Device: USB-COM Adapter, Telephone Modem

Templates for standard ARM processor-based Microcontrollers Proven Hardware Layer USB Event Handler (HW specific) Generic USB Core Common USB Device Classes

(HID, MSD, Audio, CDC)

RTX Messages Interface Enough power for other user tasks

282828

RL-USB Configuration

Implementing USB Devices requires USB know-how even when RL-ARM simplifies the configuration of the main USB parameters.

Use a standard USB Template Adjust USB Core Parameters Update the Device Descriptors Extend the USB Event Handlers

Composite Devices USB Core Configuration

Specify USB Event Handlers Add USB Classes

Configure the Device Descriptor

Implement USB Class Code Add USB Class Code from

the related USB Template Re-assign USB Event Handlers

USB Core Configuration using the

µVision Configuration Wizard

292929

RL-USB Templates HID Template

Connects to PC without driver LEDs can be controlled from

PC application Switches are reported to the

PC application

Other USB Templates Audio: implements a PC Speaker MSD: implements a Memory Stick

 USB HID

LEDSwitch Utility(source code in \Keil\ARM\Utilities\USB_Client1)

USB Driver Examples ROM Size RAM Size

HID Class 7.4 KBytes 4.9 KBytes

Memory Class 8.7 KBytes 37.7 KBytes

Virtual COM port over USB 8.9 KBytes 5.7 KBytes

303030

RL-CANCAN Interface

313131

CAN Interface (RL-CAN)

RL-ARM includes a generic CAN driver and hardware adaptationsfor several ARM based Microcontrollers.

API that allows control of several on-chip CAN Controllers Initialize and start CAN communication

Define CAN message objects for receiving or transmitting

Send, Request, or Receive CAN messages

Interrupt-Driven Hardware Layer for standard ARM based Microcontrollers Atmel SAM7 series NXP LPC21xx/LPC23xx ST STR7, STR9 & STM32 series

Implemented using RTX Kernel Memory Pool

Message Passing

323232

RL-CAN Example

CAN Tx

CAN Rec LEDs

Analog Input Voltage

Incremental Script

Using Keil MCB2300 or MCBSTR9 Evaluation Board A/D Converter gets input voltage from Potentiometer Input Voltage sent every second (via CAN2) Message received via CAN is displayed on LEDs (via CAN1)

Using µVision Simulation Script generates

A/D input voltage Messages received via CAN2

353535

RTX Real-Time Kernel

363636

Real-Time? What is a Real-Time system?

Nearly all embedded systems are real-time

For example, a phone does in parallel

Communicate via 3G

Respond to the keyboard and drive the display

All these activities are handled in a “timely manner”

Real-Time does not equal High Speed Not all tasks are ‘Super High Speed’

Systems perform to deadlines

Tasks need to complete before deadline and other tasks

373737

Why use a Real-Time Kernel? In a real-time system you always need code to handle its

real-time aspects With a real-time kernel this is done for you

You can focus on application development

Building Block Software / Hardware interface layer

Easy expansion of system software

Hardware independent

House Keeping Process scheduling

CPU resource management

Task communication

383838

Software Concepts for ARMThe ARM core requires a different mindset for embedded applications.

ARM7 & ARM9 have just two interrupt levels Standard (IRQ) and Fast (FIQ) but provide CPU modes with separate interrupt stacks for predictable stack requirements.

‘main’ as End-less Loop Solution for simple applications Usage together with powerful

multi-level interrupt system Stack usage un-predictable

Using a Real-Time Kernel Allows application to be separated

into independent tasks Message passing eliminates

critical memory buffers Each task has an own stack area Interrupt communication with

event flags and messages

TasksPriority 0

IRQ

FIQ

TasksPriority 1

TasksPriority 2

Time

Main

ISRlevel 0

ISRlevel 1

ISRlevel 2

Time

393939

What makes a Good RTOS Performance

Predictable behaviour

Low latency

High number of interrupt levels

Ease of Use Flexible API and implementation

Tool-chain integration.

Scheduling options

Multitasking, Preemptive, Round Robin.

System Friendly Consumes small amount of system resource

Proven Kernel

Low cost

404040

RTX Features

Full-featured Real-Time kernel meets the requirements of a ‘good’ real-time kernel

Task Specifications

Priority Levels 256

No. of Tasks Defined Unlimited

No. of Tasks Active 256

Context Switch < 300 Cycles

Interrupt Latency < 100 Cycles

Memory Requirements Bytes

CODE Space(depending on used functionality)

1.5K – 5K

RAM Space(each active task requires an own stack space)

< 500

Main Features Multi-Tasking – Round Robin, Pre-emptive, Cooperative

Unlimited – User Timers, Semaphores and Mailboxes

Royalty free

414141

Process Management Create and delete tasks Change task priorities Event flag management Interrupt functions CPU resources

Multi-Tasking Preemptive context switching Scheduling Semaphore management

Real-Time Control Deterministic behaviour

Inter-task Communication Mailbox management Interface to interrupt functions

Memory Allocation Thread-safe (usage even in ISR)

RTX Real-Time Kernel

Full-featured Real-Time kernel designed to meet the challenges of Embedded System Design

424242

RTX Support

RTX-V2 Extended RTOS features, allowing more robust and

fail-proof RTX Kernel implementation

Support for simultaneous calls to C library from different threads

All system calls implemented with SWI or SVC instructions and executed in privileged mode

Old ARM7™/ARM9™ version uses os_clock_demon system clock task to control task switches of all user tasks.

Less RAM required: 32 Bytes less per task, up to 300 Bytes less in total

MDK3.40 includes an improved implementation of RTX.

434343

RTX Performance

Task Specifications ARM7TDMI Cortex-M3

CPU Clock Speed 60MHz 72MHz

Initialize system, start task 46.2µS 22.1µS

Create defined task, (no task switch) 17.0µS 8.1µS

Create defined task, (with task switch) 19.1µS 9.3µS

Delete Task 9.3µS 4.8µS

Task Switch 6.6µS 3.9µS

Set event (no task switch) 2.4µS 1.9µS

Send semaphore 1.7µS 1.6µS

Send message 4.5µS 2.5µS

Max Interrupt lockout for IRQ ISRs 3.1µS -

http://www.keil.com/support/man/docs/rlarm/rlarm_ar_timing_spec.htm

444444

RTX Memory Requirements

Memory Requirements ROM Size RAM Size

RTX Kernel Library only (ARM7/ARM9) 2.5 KBytes 300 Bytes

RTX_Blinky Example (ARM7/ARM9) 4.7 KBytes 2.9 KBytes

RTX Kernel Library only (Cortex-M) 2.9 KBytes 260 Bytes

RTX_Blinky Example (Cortex-M) 4.9 KBytes 3.6 Kbytes

Minimum System Stack - 64 Bytes

The RTX_Blinky example is ported to all Keil Evaluation Boards Implements 6 tasks, with inter-task communication via mailboxes and

semaphores

Includes LCD and peripheral drivers

454545

Compilation Tasks are integrated into the RealView C Compiler language.

Close integration in MDK (µVision)

µVision IDE automatically includes RTX Libraries

Tool Chain Integration

void task1 (void) _task {… code of task 1 placed here….

}

RTX is fully integrated into MDK for easy development and debugging

464646

RTX Setup

All major parameters of RTX can be easily changed using the µVision configuration wizard.

474747

Kernel Aware Debugging

Tasks and Event analysis Resource Loading

Allowing resource optimisation

RTX and µVision are tightly integrated, kernel aware debugging is fully supported.

484848

RTX Event Viewer

Displays task switching and events of a running RTX systemSimulation or on a Cortex-M device.

494949

RL-ARM ExamplesRTX Real-Time Kernel

505050

Traffic Light LEDs are timed or controlled by push button

Utilizes interrupt control, event management and multitasking capabilities of RTX Kernel

Demonstrates RTX concepts

RTX Examples

515151

RTX Examples

CAN Tx

CAN Rec LEDs

Analog Input Voltage

Incremental Script

CAN Example using RTX Mailbox and event handling

CAN Send (Tx) – shows automatic data handling capabilities

CAN Rec – message checking with instant message receipt

– task wait and return

– almost impossible without Real-Time Kernel

525252

Need More Help? Application Notes on www.keil.com/appnotes

192: Using TCP/IP Examples on ARM Powered Evaluation Boards 195: Developing HID USB Device Drivers For Embedded Systems

535353

Get More Information

Application Notes

Program Examples

Device Database

Support Knowledgebase

Discussion Forum

Customers use www.keil.com on a daily basis to obtain program examples, latest technical information, and support.