HASANKEYF

PRESENTACIÓN UNIVERSIDAD DE LA SALLE

BOGOTÁ 2011/08/08

RAPHAEL DIETZ

STÄDTEBAU-INSTITUTINTERNATIONALER STÄD-TEBAUUNIVERSITÄT STUTTGARTKEPLERSTRASSE 1170174 STUTTGART/GERMANY

LOCALIZACIÓN

Mapa de EuropaLocalizacion de Turquía

Turkey

Mapa de TurquíaLocación de Hasankeyf y Ilisu embalse

PROYECTO GAP Y REPRESA DE ILISU

Proyecto GAPArea

Proyecto GAPDatos

Objeto: Desarrollo económico del sudeste del país.

Construcción de embalses, plantas eléctricas y instalaciones de riego para hacer las recursos del agua de la región utilizable

En total 22 embalses con 19 centrales hidroeléctricas

ILISU DAM PROJECTThe idea for the Ilisu dam was born in the 1950‘s considering the GAP (Güneydogu Anadolu Projesi - Southeast Anatolia Project), followed by first feasibility studies in the 70’s. At the end of the 90’s a couple of companies formed a first consortium for the construction of the dam. Dif-ferent reasons led to a first stop in 2002 until the Turkish government restarted the project in the autumn of 2004. A new consortium was built, including German, Swiss, Austrian and Turkish companies. The foreign companies relied on a covering through their national Export Credit Agencies (ECA’s). In march 2007 the ECA’s linked their guaranties to a catalogue of criteria to be fulfilled by the Turkish government, con-cerning for example ecology, resettlement plan-ning, compensation or participation etc. This catalogue also included the postulation for a plan, how to deal with the archeological heritage of Hasankeyf. While the construction of the dam started in 2008, in the summer 2009, regarding the fact, that Turkey hasn’t even partly fulfilled some of the requirements, Germany, Switzerland

and Austria finally withdraw from the project and cancelled their guarantees due to ecological, so-cial or cultural concerns, what is an unique inter-national process.In the meantime, the construction of the dam has been started, at the time the studies of the Uni-versity of Stuttgart and the University College London, two tunnels for the deviation of the river seemed to be partly completed, the new Ilisu vil-lage has also been completed and officially been opened, the construction of the new Hasankeyf has also started. The protest against the project is still strong, trying to avoid the loss of Hasankeyf and the numerous ecological and social damages caused by the dam. Also the university of Ankara showed a study with an alternative conception proposing five smaller dams saving Hasankeyf from the flooding.

Ilisu dam state of construction

Ilisu dam state of construction

Location: Turkey, South Anatolia, ca. 65 km from the border to Syria and IraqRiver: Tigris (annual flow rate: 15 bn m³)Dam height: 135 metersDam length: 1,820 metersReservoir surface: 313 km² (200 km² fertile soil)Reservoir volume: Max: 10,4 bn m³ Average operation: 7,46 bn m³ Buffer: 3 bn m³Affected river area: 400 km (Tigris + tributaries)Output: 1,200 MWPower: 3,800 GWh per yearCosts: 2 billion EurosConstruction time: approx. 8 years Filling up of the reservoir: Same year as construction endsPlanned starting date: Unclear; preliminary work began in 2008, then halted in 2009, restarted march 2010Expected life cycle: 50-100 yearsEffected settlements: 1 town (Hasankeyf), 95 villages, 104 HamletsEvicted people: 12.000-15.000 (Governmental number) 78.000 (report of Dr. Ayse Kudat for ECA of Switzer- land 2000)

Project Partners:Commissioned by: DSI (Devlet Su DD leri), the Turkish Water Agen-cyCompanies: Nurol, Cengiz,Celikler,Temelsu - Turkey, Andritz AG - Austria

Represa de IlisuDatos generales

1950s: First discussions regarding the project

1971: First feasibility study

1982: Acceptance of final project outline

1997 - 2000: Project preparations by a consortium of companies from Switzerland, Austria, England, Italy, and Sweden under the direction of the Swiss firm Sulzer Hydro (Sulzer Hydro was purchased by VA Tech (AUT) in 1999; VA Tech Hydro was then purchased by Andritz (AUT) in 2006). Application for export credit insurance in the corresponding countries. Union Bank of Switzerland (UBS) agrees to provide financ-ing.

2000: The Swedish firm Skanska withdraws from the project.

2001: The British construction firm Balfour Beatty and the Italian firm Impregilo withdraw after the export credit agencies (ECAs) insinuate that they may not assume liability.

2002: The Swiss bank UBS withdraws financing. Justification: Contin-uing ambiguity regarding social and ecological conse- quences (2006: Confirmation of this step upon request).

Autumn 2004: Turkish government attempts to reinitiate the project.

2004-2005: A new building consortium is formed, with VA Tech (AUT, now Andritz) acting as head, and the firms Züblin (GER) whose major-ity shareholder is in the meantime STRABAG (AUT), Alstom, Stucky,

Maggia, and Colenco (CH) as well as Nurol, Cengiz, Celikler, and Temelsu (TUR). Request for insurance from German, Austrian and Swiss export credit agencies.

March 2007: Germany, Austria and Switzerland approve the project in principle and assume export credit liability. Guarantees are tied to 153 requirements, with a Committee of Experts (CoE) monitoring compli-ance. Worldwide protest against this decision.

June 2007: Zürcher Kantonalbank (Switzerland) withdraws from the project. Justification: the project is incompatible with the bank’s sus-tainability principles.

August 2007: Contracts are signed between Turkey, the building consortium and the banks Bank Austria Creditanstalt (AUT), Société Générale (FRA) and DEKA Bank (GER).

Summer 2007: Turkey begins on-site expropriations. The ECAs and the Committee of Experts (CoE) are not informed, and are initially alerted to this development by NGOs.

February 2008: Turkey begins construction in Ilisu. Streets are lev-elled, workers’ quarters are constructed, and military camps are built overlooking the construction site.

March 2008: The Committee of Experts submits its first report. Out-come: international standards have not been achieved; practically none of the necessary requirements have been fulfilled. A suspension of construction of at least two years is recommen- ded. Turkey contin-ues to build.

Chronology of the Ilisu Dam project at a glance

May 2008: In Turkey, the environmental protection organization Doga Dernegi initiates a nation-wide “Stop Ilisu – Save Hasankeyf” cam-paign, with participation from celebrities such as the Turkish pop-star Tarkan. An information office is opened in Hasankeyf.

September 2008: The second expert report is published. The report on resettlement leaves no doubt that the project is a disaster. A delay in construction of at least three years is recommended in order for the project to meet requirements. As a result, buil- ding activities in Ilisu and Hasankeyf are drastically reduced.

October 7th, 2008: Withdrawal Phase I: Germany, Austria and Swit-zerland send a letter to Turkey activating the environmental failure clause. From this point on, Turkey has 60 days time to fulfil project requirements.

Dec. 23rd, 2008: Withdrawal Phase II: Turkey’s deadline is extended, allowing another 180 days to fulfil requirements. The new deadline is set for July 6th, 2009.

April 17th, 2009: A study from the University of Istanbul confirms Hasankeyf’s eligibility as a UNESCO World Heritage site, along with the Tigris Valley. The region fulfils nine out of ten possible UNESCO-criteria, more than any other existing world heritage site.

June 2009: More and more celebrities join the campaign, includ-ing Nobel laureate for literature Orhan Pamuk, the Turkish pop-star

Tarkan, the German director Fatih Akin, and numerous German and Austrian actors and politicians.

July 7th, 2009: Germany, Austria and Switzerland officially declare their withdrawal from the Ilisu project. Never before has an existing export guarantee been cancelled due to ecological, social or cultural concerns.

July 8th, 2009: The European banks also declare their withdrawal, leaving Turkey short of over 400 million Euros in funding. The Euro- pean construction firms decline to make a statement.

October 2009: Construction activity picks up again in Ilisu. Allegedly, German company Züblin and Swiss Alstom want to withdraw from the project, while Austrian Andritz AG wants to remain involved.

January 2010: Doga Dernegi announced that Garanti Bank and Ak-bank, two of biggest private banks of Turkey, and Halkbank, a state Bank, has assured domestic fund for the Ilisu Dam. All three banks confirmed this information. Doga Dernegi has expanded its campaign to include these two private banks. As the state bank, Halkbank, pro-vided the requested fund the construction activities at Ilisu once again activated.

Resource: Report of search conference for Hasankeyf April 2010 - Doga Dernegi

Hasankeyf

Batman

Bismil

Silvan

KozlukBaykan

KurtalanSiirt

Savur Midyat

IlisuIlisu Dam

Eruh

Railraod

Major Roads

Roads to be relocated

Roads to be improved

Waterlines

Railraod

Major Roads

Roads to be relocated

Roads to be improved

Waterlines

Mapa áreaSituación actual

CarrilesCarreteras principales

Ríos principalesCiudades principales

Mapa áreaSituación futura

Railraod

Major Roads

Roads to be relocated

Roads to be improved

Waterlines

Carreteras principalesCarreteras para estar relocalizado

Carreteras para estar mejoradoRíos y embalses

Hasankeyf

Batman

Bismil

Silvan

KozlukBaykan

KurtalanSiirt

Savur Midyat

IlisuIlisu Dam

Eruh

Railraod

Major Roads

Roads to be relocated

Roads to be improved

Waterlines

Carriles

Reasentamiento

Comunas afectadas: 200 comunas seran afectadas 95 pueblos y ciudades se ahogarán en las aguas del embalse Personas desplazadas: 12.000-15.000 (numero de gobierno) 78.000 (reporte de Dr. Ayse Kudat por ECA de Suiza 2000)

HASANKEYF

HasankeyfLugar con siglos de historia

HasankeyfLugar con siglos de historia

HasankeyfLugar con monumentos únicos

HasankeyfLugar con gran biodiversidad

HasankeyfLa gente vive del turismo, de la agricultura y de la pesca

ANTIGUA VS. NUEVA HASANKEYF

Comparición Hasankeyf antigua y nuevaNivel de agua ahora

Comparición Hasankeyf antigua y nuevaNivel de agua futuro

Nivel de aguaStatus Quo

Nivel de aguaCon el embalse

Workshop and repairPharmacy

Public / private officesCarpet shop/stallHardware / GasHairdresserInternet CaféTailorClothes, fabric and shoesKioskHotelStationers

Food / General shopsStorage / ClosedCafes, RestaurantsTourist shop/stallVacant

Mapa de usoHasankeyf antigua

Mapa de usoNueva Hasankeyf

Hasankeyf antiguaStructura de la ciudad

Parte antigua Parte de los 60’s

1 = Kitchen2 = Entrance area3 = Living-/Bedroom4 = Storage5 = Toilet

ViviendaHasankeyf Antigua - Casa tradicional

ViviendaHasankeyf Antigua - Vivienda de las 60’s

1 = “Bathroom” (only tap)

2 = Kitchen3 = Storage4 = Storage5 = Living-/Bedroom6 = Toilet

Nueva HasankeyfStructura de la ciudad

ViviendaNueva Hasankeyf

1 = Bedroom2 = Salon3 = Terrace4 = Kitchen5 = Bathroom6 = Corridor + Wardrobe7 = Toilet8 = Courtyard9 = Storage

1 = Bedroom2 = Salon3 = Terrace4 = Kitchen5 = Bathroom6 = Corridor + Wardrobe7 = Toilet8 = Livingroom9 = Common Corridor

Casa para una familia Edificio de apartamentos

Edeficios publicosActuales - futuros

Futuro AyuntamientoActual Ayuntamiento

Futura comisaría de policíaActual comisaría de policía

Futura Oficina de correoActual Oficina de correo

Nueva Ilisu

Parque culturalPrimero diseño

Parque culturalActual estado de planificación publicada

Universität StuttgartSI - Lehrstuhl Internationaler StädtebauKeplerstr. 1170174 Stuttgarttel. 685-83369fax 685-83344Prof. Dr. -Ing. Philipp MisselwitzDr. Ing. Anette GanglerYasar Adanali

Workshop Hasankeyf December 2010

Editing and CoordinationDr. Ing. Anette Gangler

Yasar Adanali(University of Stuttgart)

Participants and ContributionsNora Beste

Cebrayel CevrimRaphael DietzHan Yoel Paik

Fuentes

- Brochure; Stop Ilisu/Eca Watch Austria; www.stopilisu.com (=Stop Ilisu)- Republic of turkey, Ministry of energy and natural resources, general directorate of state hydraulic works, real estate and expropriation department, Ilisu Consortium: Ilisu Dam and Hepp project, update of resettlement action plan, Final report, Volume I; Encon, Environmental Consultancy Co.; Ankara 2005 (Ilisu Urap)- Report of search conference for Hasankeyf April 2010 - Doga Dernegi (Search conferece Report)- Der Ilisu-Staudamm: Kein Erfolgsprojekt - Zum Hintergrund und aktuellen Stand des größten Staudammprojekts im Südosten der Türkei; Daniela Setton,Heike Drillisch, Figen Bozyigit, Judith Neyer; in Auftrag gegeben von Feleknas Uca, Mitglied des Europäischen Parlaments, November 2005; weed – World Economy, Ecology & Development (Weed Report)- Yeni Yasam Alaninda Hasankeyf; T.C. Basbakanlik Devlet Planlama Teskilati, Sosyal Destek Programi (Yeni Yasam Alaninda) (=Propaganda Broschüre für New Hasankeyf)- Yeni Hasankeyf Tanitim Videosu - http://www.hasankeyf.gov.tr/a.html (New Hasankeyf video)- Wohnungsbaubrochüre Toki