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Urine Diversion Dehydrating Toilets (UDDTs)

Rahul Ingle and Dr. Elisabeth von Münch GIZ Sustainable sanitation – ecosan

rahul.ingle@giz.de

www.giz.de (www.gtz.de/ecosan)

16 July 2011, Bonn

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The main question

What should sanitation systems be like?

(focus in development cooperation: pro-poor, sustainable)

Foto: Florian Erzinger http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/sets/72157624884824385/

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NUTRIENTS

WATER

NUTRIENTS

WATER

FOODFOOD

Treatment to destroy pathogens (sanitisation)

Closing the loop between sanitation and agriculture

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Sanitation should be seen as a system

Household toilets

Part A

Treatment and storage

Treatment for faeces, greywater, urine

Road-based transport and/or pipes

Road-based transport and/or pipes

Part B Part C Part D

Reuse (e.g. agriculture)

Sale of fertiliser, compost, irrigation water

Part E

Toilets, showers, baths, sinks, washing machines, …

Crop grown with sanitation products (fertiliser, water)

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What is the difference between sustainable sanitation and ecosan?

The difference is only very smallEcosan is sustainable sanitation with a particular emphasis on reuse of nutrients (and water and possibly biogas)

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Ecological sanitation…

… is not a specific technology, but a new philosophy of dealing with what is presently regarded as waste and wastewater for disposal

… applies the basic natural principal of closing the loop by using modern and safe sanitation and reuse technologies

… employs up a wide range of sanitation options

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Two principles are often applied in ecosan systems

1. flow streams with different characteristics are often collected separately (e.g. toilet wastewater separately from rest of the domestic wastewater (=greywater))

2. the unnecessary dilution of the flow streams is usually avoided (e.g. by using dry, low flush or vacuum)

Example: waterless urinals

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BadenWaschen

Greywater

KüchenToilette

Faeces

Blackwater

Urine

Yellow water

Brown water

Sources…

Source: Gulyas, TUHH, 2008

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Greywater 25.000 -100.000

l/(p*a)

• Large volume• Low hygienic risk• Few nutrients• Easy to treat

Urine

~ 500 l/(p*a)

• Small volume• Low hygienic risk• Nearly all

nutrients

Faeces

~ 50 l/(p*a)

• Small volume• High hygienic risk• Carefull treatment

required

Characteristics…

Source: Otterpohl, TUHH

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Source: http://web.mit.edu/urbanupgrading/waterandsanitation/resources/pdf-files

Schematic diagram of Urine Diversion Dehydrating Toilet(can be built as single or double chambered toilets)

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Film

www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwmt6pB3lcs

This film shows the construction, use and functioning of the UDDT.

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Examples of urinediverting toilets

Wost-Man, Sweden

waterless: Urine-diversion

dehydration toilet (UDDT) with area for anal washing

Roediger, Germany Dubletten, Sweden

Urine-diversion dehydration toilet

Urine-diversion

flush toilet

Urine-diversion

flush toilet

Shital ceramics,India

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Urine Diversion Dehydrating Toilet in a school in Lima, PeruPhotos: Heike Hoffmann (Rotaria), 2008More Details:http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/sets/72157611176344324/

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School UDDT- built under the Ecosan Promotion Project, Kenya(SIDA, EU, GTZ)

Fotos: Hagen von Bloh, GTZ, 2008

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Ecosan wants Safe reuse

– but how?

Some slides were kindly provided by Blanca Jimenez (Treatment and Reuse Group , Institute of Engineering, UNAM-Mexico), 2007

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WHO Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater (2006)Volume 1, Policy and regulatory aspects Volume 2, Wastewater use in agriculture Volume 3, Wastewater and excreta use in aquaculture

Volume 4, Excreta and greywater use in agriculture

http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/wastewater/gsuww/en/

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Any Questions?