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1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child

1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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Page 1: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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The America’s Promise Index

Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D.

Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist

Child Trends

International Society for Child Indicators Conference

Page 2: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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History of America’s Promise

America’s Promise was founded at the Presidents’ Summit for America’s Future in 1997, where

Presidents Bush, Carter, Clinton, and Ford, and

former first lady Nancy Reagan, challenged the

nation to make children and

youth a national priority.

Page 3: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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• Caring adults

• Safe places

• A healthy start

• An effective education

• Opportunities to help others

Mission of America’s Promise Commitment to ensure that every child in America has the fundamental resources (promises) they need to succeed. The Five Promises are:

Page 4: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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Page 5: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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• America’s Promise commissioned the National Promises Study to examine the presence of the Five Promises in the lives of America’s children and youth

• A comprehensive look at the state of America’s youth

• Provides benchmark data to quantify the number of children receiving the Five Promises, including highlighting gaps in the delivery of the Five Promises

Every Child, Every Promise

Page 6: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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National Promises Study

Purpose: How many young people have the resources essential for successful developmental trajectories through childhood and adolescence?

Methodology:• Three surveys developed and administered by Search Institute, Child Trends, and Gallup (informed by the Alliance Research Council)

– 2,000 12-17 year-olds– 2,000 parents of 6-11 year-olds– 2,000 parents of 12-17 year-olds

• Oversamples of African Americans and Hispanic Americans• Best response rate Gallup has had in the past two years

Page 7: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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Promise: Caring Adults

• Caring relationships with parents• Caring relationships with adults in extended family• Caring relationships with adults at school• Caring relationships with adults in the neighborhood (formal and informal)

90% of children (ages 6-11 years) and 76% of youth (ages 12-17 years) successfully experience Caring Adults (have 3 of the 4 indicators)

Page 8: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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Promise: Safe Places

• Safe family• Safe school• Safe neighborhood• Parental monitoring• Opportunity for involvement in high-quality structured activities• Frequency of participation in high-quality structured activities

31% of children (ages 6-11 years) and 42% of youth (ages 12-17 years) successfully experience Safe Places (have 5 of the 6 indicators)

Page 9: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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Promise: Healthy Start

• Regular checkups and health insurance• Good nutrition• Daily physical activity• Adequate sleep• Health education classes• Positive adult role models• Peer influence• Emotional safety

49% of children (ages 6-11 years) and 36% of youth (ages 12-17 years) successfully experience a Healthy Start (have 6 of the 8 indicators)

Page 10: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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Promise: Effective Education

• Positive school climate• School culture emphasizes academic achievement• Learning to use technology• Reading for pleasure• Friends value being a good student• School perceived as relevant and motivating• Parents actively involved• Adult sources of guidance• Opportunities to learn social skills79% of children (ages 6-11 years) and 39% of youth (ages 12-17 years) successfully experience an Effective Education (have 7 of the 9 indicators)

Page 11: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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Promise: Opportunities to Help

• Adult models of volunteering• Peer models of volunteering• Parent civic engagement• Family conversation about current events• Youth role in school and community

55% of children (ages 6-11 years) and 53% of youth (ages 12-17 years) successfully experience Opportunities to Help (have 4 of the 5 indicators)

Page 12: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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0-1 Promises

2-3 Promises

4-5 Promises

6-11 years 13%(3 million)

50%(12 million)

37%(9 million)

12-17 years 30%

(7 million)

45%

(11 million)

25%

(6 million)

Promises experienced

Page 13: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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Developmental outcomes

Children and youth who experience 4-5 Promises fare significantly better on 19 of 20 outcomes, including:

• Thriving

• Violence avoidance

• Educational achievement

• Volunteering

Page 14: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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Thriving among 6-11 year-olds

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0-1 Promises 2-3 Promises 4-5 Promises

Promises experienced

Stan

dard

ized

mea

n

Page 15: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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Violence avoidance among 12-17 year-olds

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0-1 Promises 2-3 Promises 4-5 Promises

Promises experienced

Stan

dard

ized

mea

n

Page 16: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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Diverse groups of youth vary:

• Girls experience more Promises than boys

• White children and youth experience more Promises than Hispanic or African American children and youth

• 12-14 year-olds experience more Promises than 15-17 year-olds

• Higher family income and maternal education also are associated with more Promises

Page 17: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Male Female

% e

xper

ienc

ing

4-5

prom

ises

i

Promises experienced by gender

Page 18: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Hispanic* AfricanAmerican*

Non-HispanicWhite

% e

xper

ienc

ing

4-5

prom

ises

i

Promises experienced by race/ethnicity

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Hispanic African American Non-HispanicWhite

% e

xper

ienc

ing

4-5

prom

ises

i

Page 19: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

12-14 years 15-17 years

% e

xper

ienc

ing

4-5

prom

ises

I

Promises experienced by age group

Page 20: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

High school orless*

Some college* College graduateor higher

% e

xper

ienc

ing

4-5

prom

ises

i

Promises experienced by maternal education

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

High school orless

Some college College graduateor higher

% e

xper

ienc

ing

4-5

prom

ises

i

Page 21: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

< $20,000* $20,000-29,999*

$30,000-49,999*

$50,000-99,999

> $100,000

% e

xper

ienc

ing

4-5

prom

ises

i

Promises experienced by family income

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

< $20,000 $20,000-29,999

$30,000-49,999

$50,000-99,999

> $100,000

% e

xper

ienc

ing

4-5

prom

ises

i

Page 22: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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Additional analyses

Stepwise regression• Promises are more important predictors than demographic characteristics (i.e., contribute more to the variance of developmental outcomes).

ANOVA• Experiencing the Promises is associated with greater equality across demographic groups in developmental outcomes.• When children and youth experience 4-5 Promises:

– 60% of differences between demographic groups disappear

– 18% of differences are reduced

Page 23: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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Educational achievement: Attenuation of gender differences

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

Whole sample 4-5 Promises

Stan

dard

ized

mea

n

Male

Female

*

****

* p ≤ .05, **** p ≤ .0001

Page 24: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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Volunteering: Elimination of racial/ethnic group differences

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

Whole sample 4-5 promises

Sta

nda

rdiz

ed m

ean

Hispanic

African American

Non-Hispanic White

****

**** p ≤ .0001

Page 25: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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Thriving: Elimination of differences by age group

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

Whole sample 4-5 promises

Sta

nd

ard

ized

mea

n

12-14 years

15-17 years

*

* p ≤ .05

Page 26: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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Thriving: Elimination of differences by maternal education

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

Whole sample 4-5 promises

Stan

dard

ized

mea

n

High school or less

Some college

College graduate orhigher

****

**** p ≤ .0001

Page 27: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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Violence avoidance: Attenuation of differences by family income

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

Whole sample 4-5 promises

Stan

dard

ized

mea

n

< $20,000

$20,000-29,999

$30,000-49,999

$50,000-99,999

> $100,000

****

**

** p ≤ .01, **** p ≤ .0001

Page 28: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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Conclusions• A minority of children and adolescents have the resources necessary for optimal development as indicated by a sufficient number of Promises.

• Experiencing more Promises is consistently associated with better developmental outcomes.

• Disparities in developmental outcomes and Promises experienced exist across groups that differ by gender, age, race, and parental income and education.

• Disparities in developmental outcomes across demographic groups are attenuated or eliminated when children and youth experience 4-5 Promises.

Page 29: 1 The America’s Promise Index Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. Senior Scholar and Senior Research Scientist Child Trends International Society for Child Indicators

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Resources

Child Trends• www.childtrends.org• Databank: www.childtrendsdatabank.org

Search Institute• www.search-institute.org

America’s Promise• www.americaspromise.org• Every Child, Every Promise report and key findings:www.americaspromise.org/APAPage.aspx?id=6584