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Tackles Climate ChangeTackles Climate Change

JAPANJAPANTackles Climate ChangeTackles Climate Change

JAPANJAPAN

Embassy of Japan in Thailand

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US21.4%

Others22.3%

Australia1.4%

EU14.7%

China18.8%

Russia5.7%J apan4.5%Iran

1.5%Korea1.7%

India4.2% Other reduction

obligatedcountries

1.6%

Canada2.0%

Kyoto Protocol is an Epoch-MakingFirst Step in Reducing Emissions

Overview of Kyoto Protocol

Issues Remaining for Kyoto Protocol

The total amount of emissions from ratifiers that are obligated to reduce is still about 30% of the world.

Issues Remaining for Kyoto Protocol

The total amount of emissions from ratifiers that are obligated to reduce is still about 30% of the world.

2008-2012Adopted at Conference of the Parties (COP3) Established obligations for developed countries to achieve numerical greenhouse gas reduction targets during the period 2008-2012 comparing to 1990 levels (Japan and Canada: 6%, United States: 7%, EU:8%, etc.)Introduced the Kyoto Mechanism as a complementary measure to help them achieve the emissions reductions commitments. Breakdown of CO2 Emissions per Country

(2005)

Countries that have

ratified

Country that have not ratified

30%

49%

Source: IEA

21%

Developing countries

3 Present 2018 ～ 2028 2050

“Cool Earth 50”Halving global

emissions by 2050

＜＜ Medium-term strategyMedium-term strategy ＞＞ ＜＜ Long-term strategyLong-term strategy＞＞

InnovationPost-Kyoto Framework

Global CO2

emissions　　　　

International Environment Cooperation

Halving Global Emissions by 2050

・ Peak out global GHG emissions within the next 10-20 years

・ Develop innovative technologies・ Shift to low carbon society

• Accelerate improvement of global energy efficiency・ Cool Earth Partnership

Future estimation（ Business as usual ）

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Japan Proposes Sectoral Approach

◆At the annual World Economic Forum held in Davos in January 2008,

Prime Minister Fukuda outlined his new proposal aimed at ensuring equity in the target setting for the post-Kyoto framework

◆At the annual World Economic Forum held in Davos in January 2008,

Prime Minister Fukuda outlined his new proposal aimed at ensuring equity in the target setting for the post-Kyoto framework

Japan, along with other major emitters, 　　 will establish quantified national targets 　 for emissions reductionsThe target could be set based on a 　 bottom-up approach by compiling on a　 sectoral basis energy efficiency and 　 tallying up the reduction volume

Japan, along with other major emitters, 　　 will establish quantified national targets 　 for emissions reductionsThe target could be set based on a 　 bottom-up approach by compiling on a　 sectoral basis energy efficiency and 　 tallying up the reduction volume

The base year should also be reviewed 　 from the standpoint of equityWithout equity, it will be impossible to 　 maintain efforts and solidarity over the 　 long term

The base year should also be reviewed 　 from the standpoint of equityWithout equity, it will be impossible to 　 maintain efforts and solidarity over the 　 long term

Sectoral ApproachSectoral Approach

Review of Target YearReview of Target Year

2013-

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Country A Country B Country C

Total reduction target of A

Total reductionTarget of B

Total reductionTarget of C

Tally the Reduction Potential to Help Set Fair and Effective Targets

Cooperative Sectoral Approach

Image of Sectoral Approach

Bottom up Sectoral Approach

〔 Ton of CO2 equivalent 〕

ElectricGeneration

Industry

Transpor-tation

CivilSector

ElectricGeneration

Industry

Transpor-tation

CivilSector

ElectricGeneration

Industry

Transpor-tation

CivilSector・

・・

・・

・

・・

・

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Japan’s New Proposal: “In Pursuit of ‘Japan as a Low-carbon Society’”

On June 9 2008, Prime Minister Fukuda announced Japan’s new

proposal “In pursuit of ‘Japan as a Low-carbon Society.’”

On June 9 2008, Prime Minister Fukuda announced Japan’s new

proposal “In pursuit of ‘Japan as a Low-carbon Society.’”

Sets 60-80% reduction in emissions of its current 　 level by 2050 as Japan’s long- term goal.

Japan could cut emissions by 2020 by 14% - compared to 2005 levels by 2020 (Government estimate)Japan will strive to gain the understanding of nations 　 around the world on the sectoral approach, in setting 　 quantified national emission reduction targets.Japan will announce its national emission reduction target at an appropriate time next year.It is essential to have a “total participation” framework 　 that includes all the major economies, not just the EU 　 and Japan.

Japan will contribute up to US$1.2 billion to a new 　 multilateral fund which Japan is working with the US 　 and UK to establish, aiming to assist developing 　 countries in addressing climate change. At the Toyako Summit, Japan will propose an 　 International Partnership for Environment and Energy,　 which aims to share a global roadmap for innovative 　 technological development looking 30-40 years ahead by having the international community work in unison, to advance technological development. The achievement of this partnership is also to be shared with developing countries.

This fall, Japan will begin an experimental 　　 introduction of an integrated domestic market of emissions trading.

② Mid-term goals

③ 　 Technological development and 　　　　　 assistance for developing countries

④ Emissions trading

① Long-term goals

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Prime　Minister　Fukuda　made　a　commitment　at　the　Davos　forum　in　January　2008:　“We　will　invest　US$30　billion　over　the　next　five　years　in　R&D　in　the　environment　and　energy　sector.”

Government　R　&　D　Investment　in　the　Energy　Sector　in　Various　Countries　

(2005)

（ Source: IEA, European Commission ）

(Unit: million dollars) Japan is the world leader

Japan

Japan Also Leads in Investment on R&D

Italy

France

Global Trend in Public Investment in Research and Development in the

Energy Sector

12503905.3

3017.8523.4513.2

320.5129.9

0 500 100015002000 250030003500 40004500

ＥＵ

US

German

England

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Supporting Developing Countries Making Effortsto Reduce Emissions While Achieving Growth

Target countries/projects: ◆ Senegal, Madagascar and Guyana: Non-project grant aid ◆ Indonesia: Climate change program loans (under consideration) 　

◆ Others 　　

Target countries/projects: ◆ Senegal, Madagascar and Guyana: Non-project grant aid ◆ Indonesia: Climate change program loans (under consideration) 　

◆ Others 　　

Aim to establish a new multilateral fund together with the US and UK, and call for participation from other donors

Aim to establish a new multilateral fund together with the US and UK, and call for participation from other donors

Support domains: - Climate change mitigation policies - Adaptation policies for developing countries vulnerable to climate change - Improvement of access to clean energy

Support domains: - Climate change mitigation policies - Adaptation policies for developing countries vulnerable to climate change - Improvement of access to clean energy

Prime Minister Fukuda gives speech at Davos 　Forum (January 2008)

Japan provides support on a scale of 10 billion US$

Multilateral fundsMultilateral funds

Cool Earth PartnershipCool Earth Partnership

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ＮＥＤＯ etc.

NEXI

Financial Mechanism “Cool Earth Partnership” (Image)Financial Mechanism “Cool Earth Partnership” (Image)

Assistance for adaptation& improved access to clean energy

Assistance for mitigation

Eligible countries for ODA loan

Vulnerable countries

Developing countries （ on the basis of policy

consultation ）

Other funds

Assistance for adaptation and improved access to clean energy; promote sustainable development

Transfer Japanese technology and promote GHGs emission reductions at global level

JBIC

From 2008, Japan will provide funds on the scale of US$10billion over the next five years.→ to assist developing countries making efforts to reduce GHGs emissions and achieve economic growth in a compatible way.

（ e.g. ）Forest conservation, measures against disasters related to climate change (including disaster prevention) such as drought and floods, electrification of rural communities by introduction of solar power generation and small-scale hydro energy.

(e.g. ）　 Improvement in energy efficiency of power generation

Grant aid

Technical Assistance

Assistance through international organizations

“Cool Earth ODA loan”

(US$4 billion)

Other public funds

Encourage private finance and promote technology transfer

Up to US $2 billion Up toUS$8 billion

Pro

jects

Private sector activities & funds

※ Japan has also created a new multilateral fund together with the United States and the United Kingdom, and calls on other donors to join in.

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〈 Program and Project Assistance 〉

● 　 Policy Formulation ● 　 Institution Building and Human Resource Development● 　 Project Implementation

Policy Consultationswith Developing Countries

Promotion of Efforts to Address Global Warming

Establishment of Cool Earth Partnership (Financial Mechanism) ：①Japan will have policy consultations with developing countries to reach common understandings of policies regarding climate change (e.g. Reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve economic growth In a compatible way to contribute to climate stability.).②Japan will provide program and project assistance (policy formulation, institution building, human resource development, project implementation) in order to promote efforts to address climate change in developing countries . ③Through such assistance, Japan will facilitate the negotiation process to formulate an effective framework beyond 2012, in which all countries participate.

Basic Policy of ‘Cool Earth Partnership’Basic Policy of ‘Cool Earth Partnership’“The other pillar of International Environment Cooperation is assistance to developing countries that are aiming to achieve both emissions reductions and economic growth and working to contribute to climate stability. As one measure, Japan will establish a new financial mechanism, Cool Earth Partnership, on the scale of US$10 billion. Through this, Japan will cooperate actively with developing countries’ efforts to reduce emissions, such as efforts to enhance energy efficiency. At the same time, we will extend the hand of assistance to developing countries suffering severe adverse impacts as a result of climate change. In addition, Japan aims to create a new multilateral fund together with the United States and the United Kingdom, and we call for participation from other donors as well. We will use such instruments to strengthen our solidarity with developing countries and work towards the reduction of greenhouse gases globally.” - Special Address by Prime Minister Fukuda in Davos (Jan 26, 2008)

“The other pillar of International Environment Cooperation is assistance to developing countries that are aiming to achieve both emissions reductions and economic growth and working to contribute to climate stability. As one measure, Japan will establish a new financial mechanism, Cool Earth Partnership, on the scale of US$10 billion. Through this, Japan will cooperate actively with developing countries’ efforts to reduce emissions, such as efforts to enhance energy efficiency. At the same time, we will extend the hand of assistance to developing countries suffering severe adverse impacts as a result of climate change. In addition, Japan aims to create a new multilateral fund together with the United States and the United Kingdom, and we call for participation from other donors as well. We will use such instruments to strengthen our solidarity with developing countries and work towards the reduction of greenhouse gases globally.” - Special Address by Prime Minister Fukuda in Davos (Jan 26, 2008)

（ In addition, Japan aims to create a new multilateral fund together with the United States and the United Kingdom, and we call for participation from other donors as well. ）

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(Significance) Efforts of the Indonesian Government to address climate change issues by

formulating the National Action Plan Addressing Climate Change

Indonesian appreciation of the Japanese “Cool Earth Promotion Program” and its active participation in formulating a future framework on climate change in which all major economies participate in more responsible manner

Japanese assistance can promote the Indonesian Government’s measures addressing climate change and also boost the international efforts to cope with climate change

(Scope of the partnership) Forestry Sector Energy Sector Industry, Domestic (household) and Commercial Sector Water Resource Management Sector Others

Climate Change Program Loan for IndonesiaClimate Change Program Loan for IndonesiaClimate Change Program Loan for IndonesiaClimate Change Program Loan for Indonesia

• First case of climate change-related ODA loan • Up to the total amount of 300 million U.S. dollars• With special preferential interest rate

• First case of climate change-related ODA loan • Up to the total amount of 300 million U.S. dollars• With special preferential interest rate

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We have to stop global warming as soon as possible for posterity

We have to stop global warming as soon as possible for posterity

Now is the time

for both industrialized countries

and developing countries

to join forces to fight climate change

Now is the time

for both industrialized countries

and developing countries

to join forces to fight climate change