36
1 Schizophrenia Module 39

1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview Symptoms of Schizophrenia Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

1

Schizophrenia

Module 39

Page 2: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

2

Page 3: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

3

Psychological DisordersSchizophrenia overview Symptoms of

Schizophrenia

Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

Understanding Schizophrenia

Page 4: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

4

Schizophrenia

The literal translation is “split mind” which refers to a split from reality. A group of severe

disorders characterized by the following:

1. Disorganized and delusional thinking.

2. Disturbed perceptions.

3. Inappropriate emotions and actions.

Link 58:42

Page 5: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

The proverb test

• Proverbs like "birds of a feather flock together" or "a rolling stone gathers no moss" will be explained in a literal fashion by a schizophrenic

• i.e. a stone that is rolling can't get moss on it because it's moving.

6

Page 6: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

7

Symptoms of SchizophreniaPositive symptoms: the presence of inappropriate behaviors (hallucinations, disorganized or delusional talking)

Negative symptoms: the absence of appropriate behaviors (expressionless faces, rigid bodies)

Sapolsky vid. 23:16 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nEnklxGAmak

Dr. Saplolsky describes a Masai Schizophrenic

4 Schizophrenics 9:23

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWaFqw8XnpA

Page 7: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

8

Other forms of delusions include, delusions of persecution (“someone is following me”)

or grandeur (“I am a king”).

Disorganized & Delusional Thinking

This morning when I was at Hillside [Hospital], I was making a movie. I was surrounded by movie stars … I’m Mary Poppins. Is this room painted blue to get me upset? My grandmother died four weeks after my eighteenth birthday.”(Sheehan, 1982)

This monologue illustrates fragmented, bizarre thinking with distorted beliefs called delusions (“I’m Mary Poppins”).

Link Gerald 8:12Part 2 7:11

Female Schizophrenic

Page 8: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

Spree Killers are schizophrenic?

• Most killing sprees are committed by individuals who suffer from psychosis, not psychopathy. Recall that psychosis is a fragmentation of the thinking processes in the brain that leads to symptoms like hallucinations and delusions.– Kent A. Kiehl PhD

10

Page 9: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

12

3 Jesuses walk into a…mental hospital

• …this is not a joke.

I must not be Jesus

You guys are crazy, I

am Jesus

Huh?

Page 10: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

13

Disorganized & Delusional Thinking

Many psychologists believe disorganized thoughts occur because of selective

attention failure (fragmented and bizarre thoughts).

Page 11: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

• Great book about a girl whose friend “turns schizophrenic” while they are backpacking in China.

14

Page 12: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

15

Disturbed PerceptionsA schizophrenic person may perceive things

that are not there (hallucinations). Most such hallucinations are auditory and lesser visual,

somatosensory, olfactory, or gustatory.

L. B

erthold, Untitled. T

he Prinzhorn Collection, U

niversity of Heidelberg

August N

atter, Witches H

ead. The Prinzhorn C

ollection, University of H

eidelberg

Photos of paintings by K

rannert Museum

, University of Illinois at U

rbana-Cham

paign

Page 13: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

18

• …schizophrenics can tickle themselves because of a problem with their timing that does not allow their motor actions and resulting sensations to be correctly sequenced.

Page 14: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

• A 20th-century artist, Louis Wain, who was fascinated by cats, painted these pictures over a period of time in which he developed schizophrenia.

• The pictures mark progressive stages in the illness and exemplify what it does to the victim's perception.

Page 15: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

23

Page 16: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

24

Page 17: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

25

Inappropriate Emotions & Actions

A schizophrenic person may laugh at the news of someone dying or show

no emotion at all (flat affect).

Patients with schizophrenia may continually rub an arm, rock a chair, or remain motionless for hours (catatonia).

Childhood schizophrenia at 20/20 9:18

Page 18: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

26

Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

Nearly 1 in a 100 suffer from schizophrenia, and throughout the world over 24 million

people suffer from this disease (WHO, 2002).

Schizophrenia strikes young people as they mature into adults. It affects men

and women, but men suffer from it more severely than women.

Page 19: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia: Course

Group 330% have repeated episodes of illness with some impairment between episodes

Group 225% have repeated episodes of illness with no impairment between episodes

Group 115% have only a single episode of illness with no subsequent impairment

Group 430% have repeated episodes of illness with gradually declining impairment between episodes

Page 20: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

29

Chronic and Acute Schizophrenia

When schizophrenia is slow to develop (chronic/process) recovery is doubtful.

Such schizophrenics usually display negative symptoms.

When schizophrenia rapidly develops (acute/reactive) recovery is better. Such schizophrenics usually show

positive symptoms.

Page 21: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

30

Understanding Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a disease of the brain exhibited by the symptoms of the mind.

Dopamine Overactivity: Researchers found that schizophrenic patients express higher levels of dopamine

D4 receptors in the brain.

Drugs that block these sites help schizophrenic patients.

Brain Abnormalities

Page 22: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

33

Abnormal Brain Activity

Brain scans show abnormal activity in the frontal cortex, thalamus, and

amygdala of schizophrenic patients.

Paul T

hompson and A

rthur W. T

oga, UC

LA

Laboratory of N

euro Im

aging and Judith L. R

apport, National Institute of M

ental Health

Page 23: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

34

Page 24: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

35

Page 25: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

36

Page 26: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

37

Abnormal Brain MorphologySchizophrenia patients may exhibit

morphological changes in the brain like enlargement of fluid-filled ventricles.

Both Photos: C

ourtesy of Daniel R

. Weinberger, M

.D., N

IH-N

IMH

/ NSC

Page 27: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

38

Page 28: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

39

Risk Factors - Viral InfectionSchizophrenia has also been observed

in individuals whose mothers contracted a viral infection (flu) during the middle of their fetal development.

Page 29: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

40

Page 30: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

42

Genetic FactorsThe likelihood of an individual suffering

from schizophrenia is 50% if their identical twin has the disease (Gottesman, 2001).

0 10 20 30 40 50Identical

Both parents

Fraternal

One parent

Sibling

Nephew or niece

Unrelated

Page 31: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

44This gene doubles your risk

Page 32: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

48

Psychological FactorsPsychological and environmental factors

can trigger schizophrenia if the individual is genetically predisposed

(Nicol & Gottesman, 1983).

Genain Sisters

The genetically identical Genain

sisters suffer from schizophrenia.

Courtesy of G

enain Fam

ily

Page 33: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

49

Page 34: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

50

Page 35: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

51

End

Page 36: 1 Schizophrenia Module 39. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia overview  Symptoms of Schizophrenia  Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

52