1 SCCT2013 Integrative Media Integrative Media Production & Publication

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SCCT2013Integrative Media

Integrative Media Production & Publication

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Topics:

9.1 Production Phases9.2 Publication structure 9.3 Navigational Aids9.4 Publication considerations9.5 Publication Methods

http://publications.europa.eu/vademecum/vademecum/production1_en.html

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9.1 Production Phases

Pre-production

http://hivemanagement.com/content1/preproduction.htm

Acceptance

Assign players to the project & deliver a high level brief to the team

Discovery

Client & production team must meet to initiate the project & research the overall objectives and goals

Definition

Client & production team meet to establish project requirements & plan out the production phase

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Production


Structure

Initial steps are taken by production team to define & frame the structure of the solution

Design & Prototype

Production team begins to address the look & feel, production of media elements and initial coding

Build & test

Look & feel are finalized and tested to verify goals and objectives

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Post-Production


Launch

Project is delivered after final approval & QA

Evaluate

Structure is tested & verified for final QA

Maintain

Project is monitored to ensure goals & objectives

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9.2 Multi-media Publication Structure

An important consideration in multimedia usability is structure. If the user does not understand the structure, there will be confusion and usage of the product will be impaired.

Although in practice, publications are not confined to one structure, a general understanding of the types of structures available and their attributes can aid in multimedia design.

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Linear Structure The traditional structure, and one that most familiar. Each piece of the information is to be viewed in a

fixed position that is essential to its understanding. Time-based media such as film, television or radio

broadcast are linear in structure. A linear structure is necessary to tell a story and can

be effective when trying to achieve set goals as in educational projects.

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Hierarchical Structure Each node of the

structure represents an idea and may have subordinate nodes that expand on part of the parent nodes.

This type of structure is particularly useful for reference material where a user may browse the upper nodes in a linear fashion and then easily go deep into areas of interest without too much confusion.

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Network Structure

A network structure allows the user to jump to many places from different positions within a publication.

While this allows great flexibility it can also be confusing with the user becoming disoriented.

The disadvantages can be overcome by the addition of good navigational aids.

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Cyclic structure A cyclic structure is similar

to a linear one in that each piece of information has a set position but is different in that a user can begin at any position and can continue through one complete cycle in order to attain the same amount of information.

An example of this might be a public information point in a museum that has a small explanation of each exhibit in a room.

Cyclic structure can also be used in education whereby the user needs to reach a level of information before qualification.

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9.3 Navigational Aids The usability of a publication depends not only on the

structure and links chosen, but also on the user's knowledge of the system and the usefulness of the navigation aids.

A user will feel lost if he or she has no way of orienting him or herself.

Aids such as path lists allow the user to establish where they have come from while a graphical representation of the accessible system can indicate the location overall.

Aids such as alphabetical content lists or hierarchical tables of contents can also assist the user.

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9.4 Publication considerations There are many processes in producing a multi-media

publication. The following is a checklist of points which should be

considered: completion of manuscript

possible conversion of manuscript if necessary into a different document type

author and date registration ensure all necessary components are received, i.e. for

metadata, keywords, etc. ensure verification tools are provided or referenced texts may have to be translated/corrected/checked compile all graphic designs: labels; covers; sites, web

pages, icons, navigational tools, logos, etc.

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9.4 Publication considerations ensure all cross-links are included and correct, this is

especially important in the case of a hybrid publication

ensure all hyperlinks are in place and correct (there are tools available for checking the validity of links);

technical advice/suitability for conversion draw up any necessary subscription licenses ensure any E-mail ordering facilities or any support

services are in place set realistic publication deadlines and schedule follow specified production procedures allow time for hard-copy proof-reading to pick up any

errors before publication.

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9.5 Publication method

Multi-media production can be published using the following method:

Website Hybrids CD-ROM/DVD

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9.5 Publication methodWebsite Access control

Website structures may involve the use of access controls if the information is deemed to be confidential or valuable.

This involves user authentication that requires the infrastructure for administration of user access rights.

Added-value services A website structure can open the

possibilities for added-value services such as personalisation, downloading files and 'push' tools.

Paid services could take advantage of e-commerce solutions such as licence keys, payment tokens, subscriptions, ordering by e-mail and making credit card payments.

General Statistics from web servers can

provide pointers on the use of a publication and information regarding potential changes and improvements to the structure.

Creation of a database back-end for storing the media assets can allow ease of updating/archiving through binding them into HTML templates.

The advantages of these web publishing databases is not only seen in design, production and updating of the publication. Their assets can also be reused in later publications.

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9.5 Publication methodHybrids

The use of the hybrid structure allows for larger static objects to be held closer to the user while allowing for the small dynamic content to exist in the web environment.

The possibilities are numerous and can use many leading-edge tools such as a Flash generator or DHTML for dynamically updated non-static content presentation.

CD-ROM/DVD

Multimedia publications may be distributed offline on CD-ROM and DVD-ROM devices.

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9.5 Publication methodCD facts

The CD was originally designed for audio and later the specification was extended to enable storage of computer data and other formats.

A standard CD is capable of holding approximately 76 minutes or 650 Mb of data.

CDs are 120 mm or 80 mm in diameter and 1.2 mm thick with a 15 mm diameter centre hole.

CDs are never made perfectly and require error correction to reproduce data correctly.

CD standards specifications are known as the 'coloured book' specification.

The CD file system is ISO 9660 which has two levels. Level 2 allows 32-character file names which are not usable by MS-DOS systems.

A 40 x CD is capable of maximum data transfer of 2.8 to 6 Mbps.

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Type Book Description

Book Description

CD audioRed

CD digital audio,including: CD graphics,CD text, etc.

CD-ROM (8 and 12 cm) Yellow CD for data

CD-I and Photo CD Green

CD interactive andPhoto CD (Kodak)

CD-WO and CD-RW Orange Recordable CD

CD-video/LaserDisc (20 and 30 cm)

OrangeInitial video disc

Multi-session CD andCD extra

Blue CDs having two ormore sets

The following is a brief outline of the CD 'coloured book' standards developed by Philips, Sony, Kodak, etc.

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9.5 Publication methodDVD facts The DVD was designed for

multimedia (video, audio, data).

DVD was originally an abbreviation for digital video disc but is now better known as digital versatile disc.

According to the standard, DVD players should be able to play CD-audio and CD-ROMs.

DVDs and CDs have the same external physical dimensions.

DVD standards were set out by the DVD Forum which consists of a group of 10 companies.

DVDs are designed for three formats: DVD-ROM (for data) , DVD-video and DVD-audio.

DVDs are capable of being recorded on both sides and with two layers of recording per side.

A standard DVD will hold 4.7 Gb of data per layer and 8.5 Gb per side (17 Gb for two sides and two layers). This equates to 133 minutes of video for 4.7 Gb of high quality MPEG-2.

The file system is UDF (universal disc format) for all formats although the DVD-ROM standard also supports ISO 9660.

A PC requires an MPEG-2 decoder to play DVD-video or MPEG encoded data on DVD-ROM.

DVD-video is designed to replace VHS.

A 6 x DVD is capable of maximum data transfer of 66 Mbps.

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Type Book Description

DVD-ROM A

Both ISO 9660 (CD) and UDF

DVD-video B UDF - MPEG-2 video for films

DVD-audioC

UDF - high quality and longer audio than CD

DVD-R D UDF - write once

DVD-RAM E

UDF - rewriteable

The DVD book standards (information from Toshiba)

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9.5 Publication method Items to consider when

producing CD-ROM/DVD

Title, subtitle, catalogue No, ISBN;

search software copyright

compact disc logo/DVD logo/MPEG logo corporate author and logo, publisher

and/or logo;

user licenses: to be added (separate catalogue number reference if not included in the CD-ROM);

user guides printed and/or

electronically-printed will also require separate catalogue number, ISBN and covers

bar code - this can be printed on CD-ROMs and/or covers

cover design and packaging design

cover text

installation instructions

packaging when more than one component: title, catalogue number, etc.

Documents

1 SCCT2013 Integrative Media Integrative Media Production & Publication