11

Objective 1Science Safety & Tools

Middle School ScienceScience STAAR Need to Know

22

Science MeasurementScience Measurement

SI units, adapted from the metric SI units, adapted from the metric system, are used in sciencesystem, are used in science

Base units are:Base units are:Meter – lengthMeter – lengthLiter – volumeLiter – volumeGram - massGram - mass

33

Types of Graphs - LINETypes of Graphs - LINEDifferent types of Different types of graphsgraphs are used to show are used to show

different different relationships between datarelationships between data

LineLine graphs – graphs – show continuous show continuous changechange

Quantitiy

44

Types of Graphs - BARTypes of Graphs - BARDifferent types of Different types of graphsgraphs are used to show are used to show

different different relationships between datarelationships between data

Bar Bar graphs – graphs – compare two measured compare two measured variables (show differences)variables (show differences)

55

Types of Graphs- PIETypes of Graphs- PIEDifferent types of Different types of graphsgraphs are used to are used to

show different show different relationships between relationships between datadata

PiePie graphs – graphs – show percentagesshow percentages

66

Spring ScaleSpring Scale

Measure WEIGHT in NewtonsMeasure WEIGHT in Newtons

77

Graduated Cylinder and Graduated Cylinder and BeakerBeaker

Both measure volume in mL, but the Both measure volume in mL, but the graduated cylinder is more precise.graduated cylinder is more precise.

88

MeniscusMeniscus"A characteristic of "A characteristic of

liquids in glass liquids in glass containers is that they containers is that they curve at the edges. curve at the edges. This curvature is called This curvature is called the meniscus. You the meniscus. You measure the level at measure the level at the horizontal center or the horizontal center or inside part of the inside part of the meniscus. With water meniscus. With water in glass, the meniscus in glass, the meniscus will curve up at the will curve up at the edges and down in the edges and down in the center. Always read center. Always read the the bottom of the bottom of the meniscusmeniscus."."

99

Triple Beam BalanceTriple Beam Balance

Measures MASS in GRAMSMeasures MASS in GRAMS

Always carry this with 2 hands!Always carry this with 2 hands!

1010

MicroscopeMicroscope

Calculate total magnification by Calculate total magnification by multiplying the power of the eye lens multiplying the power of the eye lens X the power of the objective lensX the power of the objective lens

1111

GogglesGoggles

Protective plastic goggles are worn Protective plastic goggles are worn during experiments to keep your during experiments to keep your eyes safe.eyes safe.

1212

TelescopeTelescope

Used to view far away objects, like Used to view far away objects, like stars and planets.stars and planets.

Contains lenses or mirrors to magnify Contains lenses or mirrors to magnify distant objects.distant objects.

1313

Test TubeTest Tube

A glass tube used to hold or heat A glass tube used to hold or heat substances. Never point the open substances. Never point the open end of a test tube at anyone!end of a test tube at anyone!

1414

Hot plateHot plate

An electrical plate used to heat An electrical plate used to heat substances in a lab investigation. substances in a lab investigation. Always protect yourself!Always protect yourself!

1515

Meter StickMeter Stick

A ruler marked in millimeters, A ruler marked in millimeters, centimeters & meters used to centimeters & meters used to measure length.measure length.

1616

Petri DishPetri Dish

A round, flat dish with a cover that is A round, flat dish with a cover that is used to grow microorganisms in the used to grow microorganisms in the lab.lab.

1717

ThermometerThermometer

Measures Measures temperature in temperature in degrees degrees Celsius (Celsius (ooC)C)

1818

AnemometerAnemometer

A weather instrument used to A weather instrument used to measure wind speed.measure wind speed.

1919

BarometerBarometer

Weather instrument that measures Weather instrument that measures atmospheric pressure. Changes in atmospheric pressure. Changes in barometric pressure usually indicate barometric pressure usually indicate a change in weather.a change in weather.

2020

Dissecting EquipmentDissecting Equipment

Equipment such as a scalpel, forceps Equipment such as a scalpel, forceps & dissecting probe used to cut open & dissecting probe used to cut open and examine preserved specimens or and examine preserved specimens or to take apart a flower.to take apart a flower.

2121

Independent VariableIndependent Variable

The MANIPULATED or CHANGED factor The MANIPULATED or CHANGED factor in an experiment. This is the in an experiment. This is the variable controlled by the person variable controlled by the person doing the experiment.doing the experiment.

Ex: You may change the amount of Ex: You may change the amount of water you give a plant or the amount water you give a plant or the amount of fertilizer applied to soil.of fertilizer applied to soil.

2222

Dependent VariableDependent Variable

The outcome or RESULT of The outcome or RESULT of manipulating or changing the manipulating or changing the independent variable.independent variable.

What happens to the What happens to the dependentdependent variable is the variable is the EFFECT EFFECT of what the of what the experimenter does to the experimenter does to the independent variableindependent variable

2323

InferencesInferences

Conclusions that go beyond the factsConclusions that go beyond the facts

2424

Promotional ClaimPromotional Claim

A statement used to sell a product or A statement used to sell a product or service. Can sometimes be service. Can sometimes be misleading, so you need to misleading, so you need to understand basic science facts to be understand basic science facts to be able to evaluate how valid the able to evaluate how valid the information is.information is.

2525

Valid conclusionValid conclusion

Valid results are those that are well-Valid results are those that are well-supported by evidence. When scientific supported by evidence. When scientific findings are evaluated, a scientist looks findings are evaluated, a scientist looks for reliable and accuracy. Multiple for reliable and accuracy. Multiple trials, or sets of data, give us more trials, or sets of data, give us more reliable and valid information. reliable and valid information.

VALID results are REPRODUCIBLE – they VALID results are REPRODUCIBLE – they can be recreated by other scientists.can be recreated by other scientists.

2626

Topographic map (Contour Topographic map (Contour map)map)

Special kind of map that shows the Special kind of map that shows the height or elevation of land areas. height or elevation of land areas.

2727

Contour lines & intervalsContour lines & intervals

Contour linesContour linesLines that represent Lines that represent

equal elevationequal elevation

Contour intervalsContour intervals

The space between The space between the contour lines- the contour lines- The smaller the The smaller the space (closer the space (closer the lines) the steeper lines) the steeper the slope.the slope.

2828

ModelsModelsA diagram or an object that represents A diagram or an object that represents

something else & demonstrates something else & demonstrates how it works. how it works.

Models aren’t exactly the same as Models aren’t exactly the same as what they represent so they have what they represent so they have limitations and can always be limitations and can always be improved.improved.

Questions to ask about models- Questions to ask about models- 1.1. How closely does it resemble what How closely does it resemble what

it represents?it represents?2.2. What does the model show?What does the model show?3.3. How might the model be improved?How might the model be improved?