1. Nucleolus A. Make Ribosomes (workers in factory) B. Some cells have more than one nucleolus 2. The Nucleus A. Controls the cells activity B. It determines how and when proteins will be made. C. Nucleus contains the DNA, which is packaged as chromosomes that will pass traits to offspring 3. Chromosomes Are Found In the Nucleus. 4. Nuclear Envelope A. Surrounds the nucleus and separates it from the rest of the cell B. Nuclear Pores - are openings that allow certain materials to move into and out of the nucleus. Ribosomes are dots on the rough E.R. 6. Ribosomes A. Where proteins are assembled B. Ribosomes can be found free floating in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes free float in cytoplasm too. A. Rough because it is dotted with ribosomes B. Directs materials from the nucleus to the ribosomes to make proteins Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum 7. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum A. Canals that help move materials around inside the cell. Make lipids B. Does not contain ribosomes 8. Cytoplasm A. Cytosol -Clear, jelly-like material between the cell membrane and the nucleus. B. Most of the chemical reactions of a cell take place in the cytoplasm C. Support other structures in the cell 9. Golgi Apparatus A. Packages and stores chemicals in vesicles to be released from the cell. B. Large amounts of Golgi Apparatus are found in cells that produce saliva. 10. Mitochondria A. Bean shaped or rod shaped structures B. Produce energy from food that has been digested C. Powerhouse of the cell D. Cellular Respiration occurs in the mitochondria 11. Lysosomes A. Fill vesicles, which are small sacks, with chemicals B. Chemicals break down large molecules C. Get rid of disease-causing bacteria that enter the cell D. Destroy worn-out cell parts and form parts that can be used again 12. Centrioles A. Involved in reproduction B. They exist in pairs in the cell 13. Cytoskeleton A. Molecular skeleton that supports the structure of the cell. B. Microfilaments Smallest strands that make up the cytoskeleton C. Microtubules Largest strands of the cytoskeleton 14. Cell membrane A. All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane. B. Gives the cell shape and holds the cytoplasm C. It also helps control what moves into and out of the cell. (active and passive transport) D. More like a fluid than a solid (fluid mosaic) 15. Chloroplasts A. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll. B. Chlorophyll traps energy from the sun. C. Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts in plant cells 16. Cell Wall A. Plant cells, fungi cells, some protist, and bacteria cells have cell walls B. Thick outer wall covering C. Just out side the cell membrane 17. Vacuoles A. Store enzymes and metabolic wastes. B. Very large Some occupy 90% of cell C. Store food or aid in protection D. Gives support to the plant cell 19. Flagella A long, lash-like appendage serving as an organ of locomotion (movement) in protozoa. 20. Cilia Minute hair-like organelles, identical in structure to flagella, that line the surfaces of certain cells and beat in rhythmic waves, providing locomotion to ciliate protozoans and moving liquids along internal epithelial tissue in humans and animals.