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Methodological aspects using Methodological aspects using criminalistics methods in practice.criminalistics methods in practice.

plk. Doc. JUDr. Jozef METEŇKO, PhD.

Head

Chair of criminalistics and forensic science Departement, Akadémia PZ v Bratislave

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1 Criminalistics – key words• Criminalistics is a

science

• With a relatively longer history,

• With generally accepted and tried methods,

• Stabile community of scientists,

• Even outside criminalistics itself with recognized results.

• subject, • object,• methods, • system, • relation of

criminalistics to other sciences, especially law and police sciences. ...

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2 CRIMINALISTIC trace  

• Kind of change in reality = information, indicated existence some concrete entity- object.

They are• changes in matter,• dependent on case to examination• whitch are examinated with • criminalistics methods.

CRIMINALISTIC TRACES CRIMINALISTIC TRACES ((in matter))in solidin solid + fields+ fields? and in ? and in memormemoryy

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difference „kriminalistics / forensic“

– „kriminalistics / forensic :remarkable similarity with different titles

– is a significant difference or even antagonism between the concept of ‘forensic’ and the concept of ‘criminalist’?

Is this issue merely theoretical or has it got a practical impact?

Does a possible concord or difference in content have any particular consequences?

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Criminalistics content – criminalistics and „non criminalistics methods“ in  criminalistics?

– Forensic research as a „way to criminalist research “?

– Science and its content, structure, signs…,

– first of all subject and its object of research ,

–  the methods and techniques of research ,

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2 Forensic sciences – key words • Forensic sciences are a group of

sciences • forensic = judicial ........... forensic

psychology, forensic medicine, forensic psychiatry

• with a completely different history, • methods typical for so called

primary sciences, • narrowly specialized community of

scientists, • Even outside the individual

sciences with recognized results = identically with criminalistics

They have a different :• subject, • object,• methods, • system, • relation of

criminalistics to other sciences, especially law and police sciences.

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3 Requirements for the methods of criminalistics

The system of scientific methods must meet the defined criteria. For a criminalist method at all these are:

•It does not contradict the legislation in force– an extracriminalist criterion•Has scientific grounds,•Is tried by criminalist practice,•Is accepted by criminalist practice.The criminalist methods have a relatively stabile character, the processes of their application (known as techniques, technologies, methods of application) are quite varied.

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4 The system of criminalistics methods -distribution:

Their origin - general,(observation, comparison, measurement)

special – adopted, (from other sciences)

specific, (original from criminalistic)

The type of researched objects

– examination and identification of persons,

– examination and identification of things,

– mixed,

– other objects of non-defined kind, - ‘boundary, marginal or even forensic’

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4 The system of criminalist methods following to objects*traces:

Mass nature of criminalist traces material (microtraces, a.o.),

field,memory,

Selected system of criminalistics - technique, (partly alike forensics)tactics, .. (used more alike investigative)

.........according to other………………..

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4 The system of criminalist methods following to objects*traces:

criminalistics technic (sources - natural science, technical science

• mass nature of criminalist traces,• material (microtraces, a.o.), • field,• other as supported methods.

criminalistics tactics, (sources - social science, technical science)

• memory traces (records)• other as supported methods.

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4 criminalist methods technical :

Methos for examination and identification persons• Criminalistics odorology (as origin)• Criminalistics daktyloscopy *fingerprinting• Criminalistics persons-objects portrait• Criminalistics handwriting• Criminalistics examination of language skills and

communication.• Criminalistics fonoscopy, voice&oth. analyses.• Criminalistics antropology• Criminalistics biology & toxicology

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4 criminalist methods technical :

Methos for examination and identification things&other solid.mass objects

• Criminalistics ballistics ... firearms, explosive

• Criminalistics mechanoskopy * Tool Marks exam.

• Criminalistics microtraces and fibres• Criminalistics chemistry & toxicology • Criminalistics examination paper records and

documents

• Criminalistics examination types writemachines

• Criminalistics photography

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4 criminalist methods technical :

Methods for examination and identification mixed objects

• Criminalistics fonoscopy• Criminalistics antropology• Criminalistics biology & toxicology• Criminalistics trasologyMethods in evolution and not strict classify Criminalistics informatics –digital traces

(fieldstraces) / cybernetic / informations and registrations systems Except.....(metallography, diagnostika, electrical engineering examination, ...

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4 criminalist methods tactics: memory traces (records) examinated methods

• Interrogating (Befragung)

• Verification of Interrogating on the place (Überprüfung desAussage auf dem Platz)

• Rekognition (Recognition)

Patly:

• Criminalistic experiment (Experiment).• Reconstruction (Rekonstruktion)

• confrontation(Konfrontation)

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4 criminalist methods tactics: • other as supported methods.

• visual inspection (Beschauung)

• searching (Überholung)

• criminalistic versions

Out of crim methods - planning, organize and management crime scene and crime examination, crim. expertise,

informations and registrations systems• In police science inquiry and arresting 

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5 practical consequensis follow distribution of criminalist methods

Who is expert ? Criminalistic-forensic ?1. Partly in law regulation2. Rules in the secondary acts and regulations too3. Major impact from clerks ministri of justice4. Correctly formulated education/preparation and clear examination

conditions (contet, duration, )Influence methods distribution If methods are in theory - Criminalistics textbooks, are aplicated

in law regulation (1,2) If identical methods are in criminalistic and in forensic science

too, law regulation (1,2) is complicated, and get on clerc authority (3)

–digital traces (fieldstraces) / cybernetic / informations and registrations systems Except.....(metallography, diagnostika, electrical engineering examination, ...

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5 practical consequensis follow distribution of criminalist methods

Influence methods content Are diferencies in theory - Criminalistic -

Forensic textbooks, (problem 4) are Methods in evolution and not strict

classify and valueted, (problem 4) New and not full accepted methods - digital

traces (fieldstraces) / informations and registrations systems, metallography, docementatin, ... (problem 4)

.......

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Plk. Doc. JUDr. Jozef METEŇKO, PhD.Katedra kriminalistiky a forenzných

disciplínAkademia PZ Bratislava

tlf. ++421 961 057517, 501Mobil ++421 903 186 088

email. metenko@minv.sk

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Digital trace and methods of their examination – are they of criminalist or forensic nature?

“Report of the Section of Scientists of Criminalist Technology and Information Science on the Meeting of the Board of Scientists of the Criminal Expertise Institute of the Police Force Slovakia in March 2006”

- standard working processes, as well as binding working instructions, have been developed and validated,

have been validated by circle tests of a group of workers, as well as by the Criminalist Institutes of the Triad (Slovakia, Czech Republic, Poland).

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2 KRIMINALISTICKÉ STOPY  

• druh zmeny, ktorá nasvedčuje o existencii nejakého konkrétneho objektu .

len• materiálne zmeny, ktoré • súvisia s udalosťou zadanou na skúmanie a zároveň ich • dokáže kriminalistika skúmať vlastnými • kriminalistickými metódami.

Kriminalistické stopyKriminalistické stopy (materiálne) (materiálne)LátkovéLátkové aa PoľaPoľa ?a ?a pamäťovépamäťové• (Krajník osobitne mikrostopy)(Krajník osobitne mikrostopy)

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3 KRIMINALISTICKÉ SKÚMANIE skúmanie v oblasti kriminalistickej taktiky –

výraznejšie spojenej s pragmatizmom trestného práva procesného

Častejšie sa používa pojem kriminalisticko-technické skúmanie

Kriminalistické skúmanie zisťovanie zhodných znakov kriminalistickej

stopy a skúmaného objektu Vzťah: kriminalistické skúmanie

a kriminalistická identifikácia = Hľadanie vzťahu kriminalistickej stopy

a konkrétneho objektu, ktorý ju vytvoril je procesnou stránkou kriminalistiky

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5 SYSTÉM KRIMINALISTIKY :autori učebníc kriminalistiky Základné atribúty delenia:delenia kriminalistických stôp, delenia špeciálne kriminalistických metód

Kriminalistická technika skúma kriminalistické stopy látkové niekedy poľa (Stoffspuren /physikalischefeldspuren.

Kriminalistická taktika skúma kriminalistické stopy pamäťové (Erinnerungspuren).