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1 LIBRARY WORKSHOP Citing Information in APA Style & Avoiding Plagiarism

1 LIBRARY WORKSHOP Citing Information in APA Style & Avoiding Plagiarism

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Page 1: 1 LIBRARY WORKSHOP Citing Information in APA Style & Avoiding Plagiarism

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LIBRARY WORKSHOPCiting Information in APA Style

& Avoiding Plagiarism

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What is Plagiarism?• Plagiarism is “the action or practice of taking someone else's

work, idea, etc., and passing it off as one's own; literary theft.”

– Oxford English Dictionary

• Plagiarism is not only mere copying of text; it also refers to using another's ideas as one's own, regardless of the specific words or constructs used to express that idea

• You will commit plagiarism if fail to include quotations or acknowledge the sources in your paper

• Articles increasingly available as electronic text in Internet, has made the physical act of copying the work of others much easier, imply increasing risk of plagiarism

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Examples of Plagiarism• Word-to-word Copy

• Your Text:

The concept of identity construction is crucial in second language learning. English learning at the tertiary level is both a process of acquiring language skills, and a process of understanding who the learners are and how they are related to the learning community, the national sociocultural context and the imagined global community.

Plagiarized!

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Examples of Plagiarism• Using other’s words and ideas without acknowledgment

• Your Text:

The concept of identity construction is crucial in second language learning. Post-secondary level English learning not only represents a process of acquiring language skills, but also help the learners to understand own identities and their relationship with the learning community.

Plagiarized!

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More about Plagiarism• Is it plagiarism if I just copy a few words from other’s work?

Yes. The quantity of words being copied is not the main concern. The important point is that you have copied other’s work and made no acknowledgement.

• Is it an act of plagiarism if I copy from an unpublished work?

Yes. It doesn't matter whether the work which is copied has been published or not. The key point is that it was copied from someone else without making acknowledgement.

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More about Plagiarism• What is the result if you found commit plagiarism?

In academic community, plagiarism is considered unethical and dishonest. HKIEd General Academic Policies and Regulations:“Any alleged cases of academic misconduct will be handled by the Head of the academic department concerned who shall then conduct a thorough investigation… Any proven acts of academic misconduct may result in dismissal from the Institute.http://www.ied.edu.hk/reg/student_handbook/e_appendix.html

• Is plagiarism the same as copyright infringement?

They are closely related but not exactly the same. Plagiarism is an act of academic dishonesty while copyright infringement is legal offence.

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ResourcesAvoiding Plagiarism

• Academic Integrity, Princeton University

http://www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/integrity/08/intro/

• Purdue Online Writing Lab

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/01/

Intellectual Property & Copyright

• Intellectual Property in Hong Kong http://www.ipd.gov.hk/eng/intellectual_property/ip_hk.htm

• Copyright in Hong Kong

http://www.ipd.gov.hk/eng/pub_press/publications/hk.htm

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How to Avoid Plagiarism?

• Use Quotations to show clearly the extent of other’s work

1. Direct quotation

When discussing potential problems in building collaborative digital resources, Straw warned that:

Preservation and security concerns will also arise in putting together digital partnerships. Proper professional handling of archival, original, fragile, unique, and sometimes rare items during the digitization process should be taken seriously. (Straw, 2009, p.109)

2. Quoting short part of sentence

When discussing potential problems in building collaborative digital resources, Straw pointed out the critical issues of “preservation and security concerns”. Safe handling of materials during digitization must be assured among digital partners. (Straw, 2009)

• Paraphrasing (re-writing in your own words)

• Cite & list your sources

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APA Stylehttp://www.apastyle.org

• Developed by the American Psychological Association• Widely used in Education & Social Sciences journals• The Publication Manual (6th ed.) has been released in

July 2009• APA journal editors expect that new manuscripts submitted

after January 1, 2010, will conform to the 6th edition• Students and staff of HKIEd are required to use APA

style for their reference list or bibliography, unless otherwise stated

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Resources of APA Style (6th ed.)

Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. (6th ed.). (2010). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

APA Style Home Page http://www.apastyle.org/• What’s New, FAQ • Online Tutorials

http://www.apastyle.org/learn/tutorials/

• Supplemental Materials http://www.apastyle.org/manual/supplement/index.aspx

• Sample Papers http://search.apastyle.org/?query=&facet=styleresourcetype:Related%20resource

APA Style Blog http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/• Discussion of rules by APA Style experts

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DO NOT use periods with web addresses in text or in the reference list

In text: include URL in parentheses, avoid ending a sentence with a URL

Example:

The APA (http://www.apa.org) has updated the rules of

publication style in July 2009, with expanded discussions on ethics …

Horton, M. (2009, September 9). H1N1 prevention tips by Dr. Mark Horton

[Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=UT2BGE_XyIY

NEW

Writing Style

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Citing References• Allows you to use other people’s work by giving credit to

the original author without plagiarizing• Provide documentation for all facts and figures that are not

common knowledge• Strengthens your work by lending outside support to your

arguments• Provides the source information for others who wants to

find out more about your ideas • Accurately prepared references help establish your

credibility as a careful researcher• Out of order/incomplete citations cause inaccurate citation

network indexing

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APA Style: Citing References in Text

• References are cited in text with author-date system and listed alphabetically in the reference list

• Each reference cited in text must appear in the reference list

• Each entry in the reference list must be cited in text

• Two kinds of material are cited only in text

1. Classical works: Bible, Qu’ran, Dao De Jing, etc.e.g. (2 Cor. 5:17 New International Version)

(Qur’an 5:3-4)

2. Personal communications (non-recoverable data)e.g. B. H. Philips (personal communication, May 11, 2001)

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Citing Works by Multiple Authors

• 2 AuthorsCite both authors every time

Smith and Johnson (1998) found that the system …The findings confirmed with previous study (Smith & Johnson, 1998)

• 3-5 AuthorsFirst citation:Cheung, Li, Searle, Chan, and Frazer (1996) reviewed the theory of …

Subsequent citations:Cheung et al. (1996) further developed a measuring system …

• 6 or more AuthorsUse et al. (not italicized) for the first and subsequent citations

Kohn et al. (2007) suggested the possible causes …

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Reference Lists• Arrange by authors in Alphanumerical Order• Each reference cited in text must appear in the reference list• Each entry in the reference list must be cited in text

Entire BookDamrosch, D. (2003). What is world literature? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University

Press.

Edited BookErcikan, K., & Roth, W-M. (Eds.). (2009). Generalizing from educational research:

Beyond qualitative and quantitative polarization. New York, NY: Routledge.

Book ChapterTian, C. (2009). Development of dialectical materialism in China. In B. Mou (Ed.),

History of Chinese philosophy (pp.512-538). London, England: Routledge.

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Publication Place

• Include the state abbreviation (e.g., New York, NY) for all cities of United States

• Include the Country for all locations outside United States

Coles-Ritchie , M. (2009). Inciting change in secondary English language programs

: The case of Cherry High School . New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.

Haughey , J. C. (2009). Where is knowing going? : The horizons of the knowing

subject. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.

Hardman, A. E., & Stensel, D. J. (2009). Physical activity and health : the evidence

explained . (2nd ed.). London, England: Routledge.

Aw, T. (2009). Map of the invisible world. Toronto, Canada: McClelland & Stewart.

NEW

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Non-English Publications

• Give original title, and translate title into English with brackets

Sack, F. (2006). Das offene Haus: für eine neue Architektur

[Open house: towards a new]. Berlin, Germany: Jovis.

Ye, Q., Li, B., & Cheng, J. (2006). 20 世纪西方人生哲学 [The

western philosophy of life of 20th century]. Beijing, China:

Remin Chubanshe.

Hiraishi, N., & Kim, T. (2007). 知識人から考える公共性 [Publicness

from the perspective of intellectuals]. Tokyo, Japan: Tokyo

University Press.

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Journal Articles

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article. Title of journal, vol (issue), pp-pp.

• Retain the hyphen if the author’s first name is hyphenated

Hue, M.-T. (2009). Promotion of spiritual development:

exploration of the self and spiritualism through the practice of

Chinese calligraphy. Pastoral Care in Education, 27, 63-76.

• Include the issue no. if the journal is paginated by

issue

Bill, M., & Emmy, M. (2008). Writing tutors in the economics

classroom: A case study. The Canadian Journal of Higher

Education, 38(3), 21-36.

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Publications by Multiple AuthorsNEW

• Up to 7 Authors: List all authors

Tiihonen, J., Lönnqvist, J., Wahlbeck, K., Klaukka, T., Niskanen, L.,

Tanskanen, A., & Haukka, J. (2009). 11-year follow-up of

mortality in patients with schizophrenia: a population-based

cohort study (FIN11 study). Lancet, 374, 620-627.

• More than 7 Authors1. List the first six authors2. Omit all subsequent authors except the last & replaced

with …3. List the last author

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Seedat, S., Scott, K. M., Angermeyer, M. C., Berglund, P., Bromet, E. J.,

Brugha, T. S., . . . Kessler, R. C. (2009). Cross-National Associations

between gender and mental disorders in the World Health

Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Archives of General

Psychiatry, 66, 785-795.

List the first 6 and the last author

An article with 21 authors

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References of Electronic Resources• Use Digital Object Identifiers (DOI), when available, to

replace as persistent and reliable links to locate sources (for both print & electronic sources)

• If DOI unavailable, use home page URL of the source

• If the item cannot be easily retrieved from the source, use the full document URL (e.g. blog)

• Retrieval dates no longer required unless the source material may change over time (e.g. Wikis)

• Database information not required

NEW

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Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

• Unique identification of electronic publication• An alphanumeric string assigned by registration agency• Persistent link to its location on the Internet• Format: 10.xxxx/xxxx (e.g. 10.1080/02607470903220398)

• Links to the document by DOI resolver provided by the registration agency, e.g. CrossRef.org

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DOI

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DOI Resolver

Locate the electronic publication with DOI resolver

1. Crossref.org http://www.crossref.org

2. Append the doi string to http://dx.doi.org/

e.g. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02607470903220497

3. 中文 DOI http://www.chinadoi.cn/

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Exercise

Find the article with DOI: 10.1007/s11516-010-0007-0

Steps1. Go to the Crossref web site

http://www.crossref.org

2. Enter the DOI in the DOI Resolver Search Box

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Electronic Journal Articles• Journal article with DOI

Bore, A., & Wright, N. (2009). The wicked and complex in education:

developing a transdisciplinary perspective for policy formulation,

implementation and professional practice. Journal of Education for

Teaching, 35, 241-256. doi:10.1080/02607470903091286

• Journal article without DOI

Dresser, R. (2007). The effects of teacher inquiry in the bilingual

language arts classroom. Teacher Education Quarterly, 34(3), 53-66.

Retrieved from http://www.teqjournal.org/

• Advance online publication with DOI

Guerra, S. (2009). Colonizing bodies: Corporate power and

biotechnology in young adult science fiction. Journal Children‘s

Literature in Education . Advanced online publication.

doi:10.1007/s10583-009-9086-z

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Dissertation or Theses, from a Commercial Database

• Include Name of Database, and Accession or Order No.

Ko, B. (2008). An examination of teaching practices of elementary

physical educators. (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest

Dissertations and Theses database. (Pub No. AAT 3332216)

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Dissertation or Theses, from an Institutional database

• Include URL of the database source

Huang, J. (2009). Interactive integration: English language learning

strategies, styles and tasks in a school in Fujian. (Doctoral thesis,

Hong Kong University, Hong Kong). Retrieved from

http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/

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Dissertation or Theses, from the web

• Include URL of the source

Xu, Z. (2008). Party controls in National Central University and Nanjing

University before and after 1949. (Master thesis, Lingnan University,

Hong Kong). Retrieved from

http://www.library.ln.edu.hk/ethesis/full/xu_081015.pdf

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Unpublished Dissertation or Theses

Li, X. (2009). POMDP compression and decomposition via belief state

analysis. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Hong Kong Baptist

University, Hong Kong.

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Meetings & Symposia

• Paper presentation or poster sessionSin, K. F. (2008, March). Education reform and teacher education for

inclusion in the Asian-Pacific region. Paper presented at the 1st East-

Asian Symposium on Teacher Education Research, Tokyo, Japan.

• Conference paper abstract retrieved onlineBeauchamp, C., & Thomas, L. (2006, November). Becoming a

professional: Developing teacher identity within programmes of

teacher education. Paper presented at the International Conference

on Teacher Education, Calgary, Canada. Abstract retrieved from

http://ucalgarymcgilledconf.mcgill.ca/abstracts/beauchamp_thomas.html

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Newspaper Articles

Newspaper articleCheng, A. (2009, September 23). Education system fails those most in

need. South China Morning Post, p. EDT12.

Online newspaper article• To avoid nonworking URLS, give the home page URL

Andrew, E. L. (2009, April 19). U.S. May Convert Banks’ Bailouts to

Equity Share. The New York Times. Retrieved from

http://www.nytimes.com

NEW

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Audiovisual Media• VideoMilchan A., & Reuther, S. (Producer). (1998). The client. [DVD]. Burbank,

CA: Warner Home Video.

• Music RecordingsMa, Y. Y. (2007). New impossibilities [CD]. New York, NY: Sony Classical.

• PodcastPassmore, S. (2009, September 8). Naked Cantonese [Audio podcast].

Retrieved from http://podcast.rthk.org.hk/podcast/item.php?pid=45

NEW

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Web pages

Author. (Year). Title of web page. Retrieved from URL

• Examples

Education Bureau. (2008). Qualifications framework. Retrieved from

http://www.hkqf.gov.hk/guie/home.asp

International Association of Universities. (2008). IAU: For a worldwide higher

education community. Retrieved from

http://www.unesco.org/iau/association/index.html

Hong Kong Institute of Education. (n. d.). Vision & mission. Retrieved from

http://www.ied.edu.hk/about_hkied/vision-mission.html

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Blogs, Youtube

Author. (Year, Month Day). Title of post. [Description of form]. Retrieved from URL

• Blog postMcAdoo, T. (2009, September 10). Use of first person in APA style [Web log post].

Retrieved from http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2009/09/use-of-first-person-in-

apa-style.html

Dennis. (2009, September 12). Re: Use of first person in APA style [Web log

comment]. Retrieved from http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2009/09/use-of-first-

person-in-apa-style.html

• Video postWhitehouse. (2009, September 8). President Obama's Message for America's

Students [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=8ZZ6GrzWkw0

NEW

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Newsgroups, Online Forums

Author. (Year, Month Day). Title of post. [Description of form]. Retrieved from URL

• Newsgroup post

Faruk. (2009, October 2). Brain development [Newsgroup message].

Retrieved from

http://groups.google.com/group/de.test/browse_thread/thread/8fff31276

ed86b36/9d962272cb18d615?q=childhood+development

• Online forum

Jenn. (2009, February 14). Re: Dyslexic Student and Memorizing his

Multiplication Facts [Online forum comment]. Retrieved from

http://ldonline.org/xarbb/topic/15298#89028

NEW

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Facebook, Twitter

• To cite a Facebook or Twitter feed as a whole or to discuss it in general, it is sufficient to give the site URL in text, inside parentheses

• There is no need for a reference list entry

• Example

Obama has strategically used social network media such

as Twitter (http://www.twitter.com/barackobama) and Facebook

(http://www.facebook.com/barackobama) for publicity in the

Internet world.

NEW

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Facebook, Twitter• Citing particular posts, which require both reference list

entries and in-text citations

• Citations

President Obama announced the launch of the American

Graduation Initiative (BarackObama, 2009a). He also stated

that he was “humbled” to have received the Nobel Peace Prize

(Barack Obama, 2009b).

• ReferencesBarackObama. (2009a, July 15). Launched American Graduation Initiative

to help additional 5 mill. Americans graduate college by 2020:

http://bit.ly/gcTX7 [Twitter post]. Retrieved from

http://twitter.com/BarackObama/status/2651151366

Barack Obama. (2009b, October 9). Humbled.

http://my.barackobama.com/page/community/post/obamaforamerica/g

GM45m [Facebook update]. Retrieved from

http://www.facebook.com/posted.php?

id=6815841748&share_id=154954250775&comments=1#s154954250

775

NEW

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APA 6th edition is now supported in major Bibliographic Management Tools

RefWorksTools > Output Style Manager> Select APA 6th > Add to Favorites

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Bibliographic Management Tools

EndNoteDownload & Install the APA 6th Style Update Packagehttp://www.endnote.com/support/enapa6instruct.asp

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Bibliographic Management Tools

EndNote WebFormat > Bibliography > Customize this list> Select APA 6th > Copy to Favorites

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Thank You

Ask your Librarian @

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Email: [email protected]