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1Identifying and Controlling Hazards
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
Welcome!
1005
2Identifying and Controlling Hazards
Workshop goals
• Explore the elements of an effective hazard identification and control program.
• Discuss the steps in the hazard identification and control process.
• Complete the hazard identification and control worksheet.
3Identifying and Controlling Hazards
Form Teams
4Identifying and Controlling Hazards
IDENTIFYING HAZARDS
What do the rules say?
ORS 654.010 Employers to furnish safe place of employment.
Every employer shall…
•furnish employment and a place of employment which are safe and healthful for employees therein, and…
•shall do every other thing reasonably necessary to protect the life, safety and health of such employees.
ORS 654.010 Employers to furnish safe place of employment.
Every employer shall…
•furnish employment and a place of employment which are safe and healthful for employees therein, and…
•shall do every other thing reasonably necessary to protect the life, safety and health of such employees.
5Identifying and Controlling Hazards
OAR 437, Div 001, Rule 0760 (7) Inspections.
(a) All places of employment shall be inspected by a qualified person or persons as often as the type of operation or the character of the equipment requires. Defective equipment or unsafe conditions found by these inspections shall be replaced or repaired or remedied promptly.
(b) Wherever required in this safety code, a written and dated report, signed by the person or persons making the inspection, shall be kept.
OAR 437, Div 001, Rule 0760 (7) Inspections.
(a) All places of employment shall be inspected by a qualified person or persons as often as the type of operation or the character of the equipment requires. Defective equipment or unsafe conditions found by these inspections shall be replaced or repaired or remedied promptly.
(b) Wherever required in this safety code, a written and dated report, signed by the person or persons making the inspection, shall be kept.
6Identifying and Controlling Hazards
What does “qualified” mean?
What criteria should we use to determine frequency of inspections?
What does “remedied promptly” mean?
What does your inspection report look like?
7Identifying and Controlling Hazards
The safety committee is required to:
____________ the accident and illness prevention program
____________ procedures for inspections
____________ the workplace for safety and health hazards
____________ how to eliminate hazards and unsafe behaviors
Evaluate
Establish
Inspect
Recommend
What do the rules for safety committees say?
8Identifying and Controlling Hazards
What is a "hazard?"
An unsafe _________________ or _________________ that could cause an ___________ or _______________ to an employee.
condition practiceinjury illness
How can a person be a walking hazardous condition?
9Identifying and Controlling Hazards
What is “Exposure?”
• How close are you to the "danger zone"?
• Physical exposure - generally arm’s length
• Environmental exposure - could be everyone in facility.
10Identifying and Controlling Hazards
How does your perception about the severity of a hazard change with daily exposure to that hazard?
Which one of those incidents will
end up as a serious injury? Major
Injury
1
29Minor
Injuries
300Near MissIncidents
11Identifying and Controlling Hazards
• Are unique conditions or individual behaviors (you can point at a person or object)
• May exist or be performed by anyone, anytime, anywhere
• May directly cause or contribute to an incident or accident
• May be important clues revealing root causes
What you see are merely the symptoms: The direct observable effects of a underlying cause
12Identifying and Controlling Hazards
Where do injuries come from?
Unpreventable acts. Only ________ % of all workplace accidents are thought to be unpreventable.
Hazardous conditions. Hazardous conditions (OR-OSHA violations) account for only _________ % of all workplace accidents.
What procedures do we use to detect and correct hazardous conditions?
System failure. Safety management system failures account for at least _________ % of all workplace accidents.
2
3
95
13Identifying and Controlling Hazards
Types of Hazards in the Workplace
1. Falls 2. Impact 3. Mechanical 4. Vibration/Noise 5. Toxics 6. Heat/Temperature 7. Flammability/Fire
8. Explosives 9. Pressure 10. Electrical contact11. Ergonomics 12. Biohazards 13. Violence
14Identifying and Controlling Hazards
Inspect to identify potential accidents
Struck-by
Struck-against
Contact-by
Contact-with
Caught-on
Caught-in
Caught-between
Fall-To-surface
Fall-To-below
Over-exertion
Bodily reaction
Over-exposure
15Identifying and Controlling Hazards
Inspections and Audits1
Four Important Processes to Identify and Analyze Hazards
• The inspection examines conditions in the workplace to identify hazards.
• The audit evaluates the quality of program design and performance to better control hazards.
16Identifying and Controlling Hazards
How to develop an effective safety and health checklist.
• Determine applicable state safety & health rules for the workplace.
• Review rules and use those you feel apply to your workplace.
• Develop applicable checklist questions that are not addressed in the rules.
17Identifying and Controlling Hazards
Who's involved in the inspection process?
What is a major weakness inherent in the inspection process?
How can we overcome this weakness?
18Identifying and Controlling Hazards
Observations, informal and formal, are quite important in daily workplace safety.
• Employees and managers can spot hazardous conditions and unsafe or inappropriate behaviors while they conduct their other tasks.
Observation2
19Identifying and Controlling Hazards
What is the proper response when an employee observes a hazardous condition or unsafe behavior?
Observation2
20Identifying and Controlling Hazards
What is the proper response when a safety committee member observes a hazardous condition or unsafe behavior?
Observation2
21Identifying and Controlling Hazards
• Formal observation programs can be successful tools for gathering and analyzing data so that safety can be improved.
Observation2
22Identifying and Controlling Hazards
What group is well-suited to conduct formal observation?
Observation2
23Identifying and Controlling Hazards
What happens when the perception that discipline might occur as a result of formal observations?
Observation2
24Identifying and Controlling Hazards
The Job Hazard Analysis
The process...
• Break a job or task into specific steps.
3SAMPLE JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS WORKSHEET
Job Description: ____________________________________________________________
Step 1 Description: _________________________________________________________
Hazards
Preventive Measure(s) Required
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Step 2 Description: _________________________________________________________
Hazards
Preventive Measure(s) Required
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Step 3 Description: _________________________________________________________
Hazards
Preventive Measure(s) Required
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Safe Job Procedure
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
SAMPLE JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS WORKSHEET
Job Description: ____________________________________________________________
Step 1 Description: _________________________________________________________
Hazards
Preventive Measure(s) Required
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Step 2 Description: _________________________________________________________
Hazards
Preventive Measure(s) Required
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Step 3 Description: _________________________________________________________
Hazards
Preventive Measure(s) Required
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Safe Job Procedure
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
25Identifying and Controlling Hazards
The Job Hazard Analysis
The process...
• Break a job or task into specific steps.
• Analyze each step for specific hazardous conditions and unsafe practices.
3SAMPLE JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS WORKSHEET
Job Description: ____________________________________________________________
Step 1 Description: _________________________________________________________
Hazards
Preventive Measure(s) Required
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Step 2 Description: _________________________________________________________
Hazards
Preventive Measure(s) Required
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Step 3 Description: _________________________________________________________
Hazards
Preventive Measure(s) Required
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Safe Job Procedure
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
SAMPLE JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS WORKSHEET
Job Description: ____________________________________________________________
Step 1 Description: _________________________________________________________
Hazards
Preventive Measure(s) Required
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Step 2 Description: _________________________________________________________
Hazards
Preventive Measure(s) Required
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Step 3 Description: _________________________________________________________
Hazards
Preventive Measure(s) Required
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Safe Job Procedure
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
26Identifying and Controlling Hazards
The Job Hazard Analysis
The process...
• Break a job or task into specific steps.
• Analyze each step for specific hazardous conditions and unsafe practices.
• Develop preventive measures in each step to eliminate or reduce the hazards.
3SAMPLE JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS WORKSHEET
Job Description: ____________________________________________________________
Step 1 Description: _________________________________________________________
Hazards
Preventive Measure(s) Required
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Step 2 Description: _________________________________________________________
Hazards
Preventive Measure(s) Required
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Step 3 Description: _________________________________________________________
Hazards
Preventive Measure(s) Required
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Safe Job Procedure
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
SAMPLE JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS WORKSHEET
Job Description: ____________________________________________________________
Step 1 Description: _________________________________________________________
Hazards
Preventive Measure(s) Required
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Step 2 Description: _________________________________________________________
Hazards
Preventive Measure(s) Required
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Step 3 Description: _________________________________________________________
Hazards
Preventive Measure(s) Required
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Safe Job Procedure
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
27Identifying and Controlling Hazards
The Job Hazard Analysis
The process...
• Break a job or task into specific steps.
• Analyze each step for specific hazardous conditions and unsafe practices.
• Develop preventive measures in each step to eliminate or reduce the hazards.
• Integrate preventive measures into training and standard operating procedures (SOP’s).
3SAMPLE JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS WORKSHEET
Job Description: ____________________________________________________________
Step 1 Description: _________________________________________________________
Hazards
Preventive Measure(s) Required
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Step 2 Description: _________________________________________________________
Hazards
Preventive Measure(s) Required
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Step 3 Description: _________________________________________________________
Hazards
Preventive Measure(s) Required
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Safe Job Procedure
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
SAMPLE JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS WORKSHEET
Job Description: ____________________________________________________________
Step 1 Description: _________________________________________________________
Hazards
Preventive Measure(s) Required
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Step 2 Description: _________________________________________________________
Hazards
Preventive Measure(s) Required
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Step 3 Description: _________________________________________________________
Hazards
Preventive Measure(s) Required
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Safe Job Procedure
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
28Identifying and Controlling Hazards
Why is it important to involve the employee in the JHA process?
29Identifying and Controlling Hazards
Incident/Accident Analysis4
All non-injury incidents and injury accidents, no matter how minor should be analyzed to identify and control hazards.
• Incident analysis allows you to identify and control hazards before they cause an injury.
• Accident analysis is an effective tool for uncovering hazards that either were missed earlier or have managed to slip out of the controls planned for them.
30Identifying and Controlling Hazards
The two primary phases in the incident/accident analysis process
Event analysis. Analyze the event (near-miss, accident) to determine what happened.
Cause analysis
• Surface Cause Analysis
• Root Cause
31Identifying and Controlling Hazards
What's the hazard?
What kind of accident might occur?
32Identifying and Controlling Hazards
What's the hazard?
What kind of accident might occur?
33Identifying and Controlling Hazards
What's the hazard?
What kind of accident might occur?
34Identifying and Controlling Hazards
1. Controlling hazards by engineering the workplace - design tools, equipment, machinery, materials, facilities.
Hazard + Exposure AccidentHazard + Exposure Accident
CONTROLLING HAZARDS
35Identifying and Controlling Hazards
2. Controlling exposures by managing work and workers.
Hazard + Exposure AccidentHazard + Exposure Accident
36Identifying and Controlling Hazards
Why are engineering controls considered to be superior to management controls?
37Identifying and Controlling Hazards
Personal Protective Equipment
What might be some of the drawbacks of reliance solely on PPE to protect workers?
Interim measures
38Identifying and Controlling Hazards
Effective Maintenance Processes
Two equipment maintenance programs
1. Preventive Maintenance to make sure equipment and machinery runs safely and smoothly.
2. Corrective Maintenance to make sure equipment gets back into safe service quickly.
How can we make sure corrective maintenance is completed quickly?
39Identifying and Controlling Hazards
Hazard Tracking Procedures
Hazard Description Reported Date Correct Responsible DateNumber by Reported by Supervisor Corrected
XYZ Hazard Tracking Log
0301 Lathe #3, needs guard Smith 9/9/03 9/15/03 J ones 9/14/03
0302 Dock needs warning stripes Wilson 9/12/03 9/30/03 J ordan
40Identifying and Controlling Hazards
THE ANALYSIS WORKSHEET
Team Exercise:
View photos and use the worksheet below to determine hazards, system weaknesses, accident types and costs, probability/severity, corrective actions and system improvement.
Hazard Analysis Worksheet
Describe the Hazard:
Possible Accident Type(s):
Accident Cost Estimates:
Risk:
Recommended Corrective Action(s):
Recommended System Improvement(s):
41Identifying and Controlling Hazards
42Identifying and Controlling Hazards
43Identifying and Controlling Hazards
44Identifying and Controlling Hazards
45Identifying and Controlling Hazards
Review Quiz
