1 HEALTHY CONSUMERS AS WELL AS HEALTHY PROFITS? Barry Groves,
Ph.D www.second-opinions.co.uk Slide 2 www.second-opinions.co.uk 2
Recent fad diet? Slide 3 www.second-opinions.co.uk 3 William
Banting (1796-1878) Slide 4 www.second-opinions.co.uk 4 Bantings
health problems 1862 5 5 tall, weight 202 lbs He could not stoop to
tie his shoelaces Couldn't attend to the little offices humanity
requires without considerable pain and difficulty He had to go
downstairs slowly backward to save jarring his knee and ankle
joints He puffed and blew over every slight exertion, particularly
that of going upstairs He had an umbilical rupture He started to
lose his sight and hearing. Slide 5 www.second-opinions.co.uk 5
Bantings diet prior to 1862 BREAKFAST: bread and milk, pint of tea
with milk and sugar, buttered toast DINNER: meat, bread, pastry and
beer TEA: a meal similar to breakfast SUPPER: a fruit tart or bread
and milk. Slide 6 www.second-opinions.co.uk 6 Harveys diet plan
BREAKFAST: 4-5 oz beef, mutton, kidneys, fish, bacon or cold meat,
large cup of tea, 1 oz toast DINNER: 5-6 oz fish or meat, any veg
except potato, 1 oz toast, fruit of any pudding, any poultry or
game, 2-3 glasses claret, sherry or Madeira. TEA: 2-3 oz fruit, a
rusk or two, cup of tea SUPPER: 3-4 oz meat or fish, similar to
dinner, 1- 2 glasses sherry NIGHTCAP: tumbler of grog: gin, whisky
or brandy, or 1-2 glasses claret or sherry. Slide 7
www.second-opinions.co.uk 7 Results of Harveys diet at one year
Weight loss 46 lbs 12 inches off waist He could come downstairs
forward Go upstairs and take exercise freely Could perform every
necessary function The umbilical rupture was cured His sight and
hearing were restored His other bodily ailments had passed into the
matter of history. Slide 8 www.second-opinions.co.uk 8 Clinical
dietary trial: Edinburgh 1932 high carb / low fat diet - 49g (usual
slimming diet) high carb / low protein - 122g low carb / high
protein - 183g low carb / high fat diet - 205g Lyon DM, Dunlop DM.
The treatment of obesity: a comparison of the effects of diet and
of thyroid extract. Quarterly Journal of Medicine 1932; 1: 331-52.
Average daily losses: Slide 9 www.second-opinions.co.uk 9 Clinical
dietary trial, London, 1957 Lost the least weight on a
high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet Lost the most weight on a
low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet Lost weight even at 2,600 calories
a day but only on a high-fat diet. Kekwick A, Pawan GLS. Calorie
intake in relation to body- weight changes in the obese. Lancet
1956; ii: 155-160 Obese patients at Middlesex Hospital: Slide 10
www.second-opinions.co.uk 10 Clinical diabetic trial, 1999
Carbohydrates (unprocessed foods, mainly fresh fruit and
vegetables) = 20% of calories Hays J. Paper presented to the 81st
Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, 15 June 1999. Diabetic
patients could eat all the meat and cheese they wanted Fats 50% of
calories 90% animal fats, 10% MUF olive oil. Slide 11
www.second-opinions.co.uk 11 Clinical diabetic trial, 1999 Average
weight loss 40 lbs HbA1c down from 3.34 to 0.96 above normal Total
cholesterol down from 6.0 to 4.94 mmol/l LDL down from 3.46 to 2.73
HDL up from 1.14 to 1.22 mmol/l +6.7% Triglycerides down from 2.29
to 1.82 g/l. Hays J. Paper presented to the 81st Annual Meeting of
the Endocrine Society, 15 June 1999. Slide 12
www.second-opinions.co.uk 12 High-fat diet clinical trial: 2002
Intervention group: 8% carb, 61% fat Sharman MJ, et al. A Ketogenic
Diet Favorably Affects Serum Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease
in Normal-Weight Men. J Nutr 2002; 132: 1879-1885 fasting
triglycerides - 33% blood fats after meals - 29% blood insulin
after meals- 34% HDL +11.5% Total cholesterol unchanged Slide 13
www.second-opinions.co.uk 13 The Spanish paradox 1966-1990 heart
disease: Men deaths down 25% Women deaths down 34% Serra-Majem L,
et al.. How could changes in diet explain changes in coronary heart
disease mortality in Spain? The Spanish paradox. Am J Clin Nutr
1995;61(suppl):1351S-9S. Slide 14 www.second-opinions.co.uk 14 The
Spanish paradox Protein and fat up beef + 96% pork + 382% poultry +
312% full-cream milk+ 73% 1966-1990 Carbs down bread consumption
55% rice consumption 35% potato consumption 53% Slide 15
www.second-opinions.co.uk 15 The Spanish paradox Increase
consumption of foods rich in complex carbohydrates (breadrice)
Promote moderate consumption of all meat (beef and pork in
particular) Encourage use of skim milk and low-fat cheese.
Nevertheless, [we] suggest several dietary recommendations that
might be applied to the prevention of CVD in Spain: Serra-Majem L,
et al.. How could changes in diet explain changes in coronary heart
disease mortality in Spain? The Spanish paradox. Am J Clin Nutr
1995;61(suppl):1351S-9S. Slide 16 www.second-opinions.co.uk 16 The
balanced diet Foods can be divided into five main groups. In order
for us to enjoy a balanced diet we need to eat foods from these
groups. BDA food plate Slide 17 www.second-opinions.co.uk 17 The
balanced diet No single food will supply all the nutrients your
body needs, so good nutrition means eating a variety of foods. No
single food will supply all the nutrients your body needs, so good
nutrition means eating a variety of foods. (ADA) USDA food pyramid
Slide 18 www.second-opinions.co.uk 18 The balanced diet My
definition A balanced diet is any diet that supplies all the
nutrients the body needs in the correct proportions. In which case,
a diet composed entirely of meat, so long as the organs and fat are
included, is a balanced diet. Slide 19 www.second-opinions.co.uk 19
Dietary Nonsense of Fructose on Glucose Cut down on Fructose &
Glucose Slide 20 www.second-opinions.co.uk 20 Essential foods!
Fatty acids Amino acids (protein) There are essential: But: There
are no essential carbohydrates Slide 21 www.second-opinions.co.uk
21 Slide 22 www.second-opinions.co.uk 22 Inuit igloo Eskimo food
pyramid igloo _____ Slide 23 www.second-opinions.co.uk 23 Maasai of
Kenya Slide 24 www.second-opinions.co.uk 24 Blood Maasai food
pyramid Milk Slide 25 www.second-opinions.co.uk 25 Other impacts of
incorrect diet The Maori of New Zealand Slide 26
www.second-opinions.co.uk 26 Diseases that benefit from low-carb
Acid reflux Acne Alzheimers disease Amenorrhoea Ankylosing
spondylitis Anorexia Arthritis Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder Cancer Cirrhosis of the liver Coeliac disease Constipation
Coronary heart disease Crohns disease Crooked teeth Dental caries
Depression Diabetes (both types) Diverticulitis Eczema Epilepsy
Gallstones Glaucoma Gout Infectious diseases Iron deficiency
anaemia Irritable bowel syndrome Juvenile crime Kidney stones Low
birth weight Macular degeneration Menstrual dysfunction Mental
retardation Multiple sclerosis Myopia (short-sightedness)
Nephropathy Neural tube defects Obesity Osteomalacia Osteoporosis
Retinopathy Retarded uterine growth Rickets Schizophrenia Slow
growth Spina bifida Stomach ulcers Stroke Ulcerative colitis Slide
27 www.second-opinions.co.uk 27 Main points Diabetes, heart
disease, etc, are not caused by obesity All conditions are caused
by the same thing Dietary carbohydrates cause all Obesity is merely
evident before diabetes Answer: Reduce carbohydrates, reduce
disease. Slide 28 www.second-opinions.co.uk 28 Why? Why should the
food with the most calories be the best for weight loss and
all-round good health? Because it is our natural diet Slide 29
www.second-opinions.co.uk 29 Have a low glycaemic index Have a low
glycaemic index Contain relatively little carb Contain relatively
little carb Produce only modest increases in insulin. Produce only
modest increases in insulin. Palaeolithic Pyramid Slide 30
www.second-opinions.co.uk 30 Summary of evidence Agriculture very
recent in history For 2.5 million years diet high-protein, high-
fat, low-carb 99.9% of our genes formed before advent of
agriculture We evolved eating an animal sourced diet Healthy diet
quite different and unnatural. Slide 31 www.second-opinions.co.uk
31 If we do not learn from history, we remain in the infancy of
knowledge. Cicero Slide 32 www.second-opinions.co.uk 32 Dr. James
Hays 1999 If you have a diet that results in weight loss, lower
cholesterol, and a better lipid profile, eventually everybody will
be eating that way. Its going to come whether we like it or not.
Hays J. Paper presented to the 81st Annual Meeting of the Endocrine
Society, 15 June 1999. Slide 33 www.second-opinions.co.uk 33
Critique of low-fat, healthy diet 2004 This diet can no longer be
defended... by rejecting clinical experience and a growing medical
literature suggesting that the much-maligned low-carbohydrate,
high-protein diet may have a salutary effect on the epidemics in
question. Weinberg SL. The Diet-Heart Hypothesis: a Critique. J Am
Coll Cardiol 2004;43:7313 Slide 34 www.second-opinions.co.uk 34
Children should eat low-carb diet 2004 Children especially need to
be targeted... we need to rethink dietary advice because the
current advice clearly isnt working. Professor Julian Peto. The
Scotsman, 14 March 2004 Slide 35 www.second-opinions.co.uk 35 The
challenge To produce foods that do not increase the burden of
disease To produce foods that do not increase the burden of disease
particularlyforchildren Slide 36 www.second-opinions.co.uk 36
Example More EPA and DHA More EPA and DHA Less saturated fat Less
saturated fat PUFA increased 3 4 times. PUFA increased 3 4 times.
Omega-3 milk Australian cattle on pasture fed supplements of tuna
oil and soyabean Kitessa SM, et al. Supplementation of grazing
dairy cows with rumen-protected tuna oil enriches milk fat with n-3
fatty acids without affecting milk production or sensory
characteristics. Br J Nutr 2004; 91 (2): 271-278. Slide 37
www.second-opinions.co.uk 37 Example PUFA increase cancer risk!
PUFA increase cancer risk! Omega-3 milk Australian cattle on
pasture fed supplements of tuna oil and soyabean Slide 38
www.second-opinions.co.uk 38 The challenge Reduce sugar by half
Will not compromise taste Avoid high fructose corn syrup HFCS
compromises immune system 7 times worse for diabetics than glucose
Avoid cereal fillers Avoid fruit juices Use whole fruit, reduces
sugars, increases fibre. Cut carbs 1. Cut carbs Slide 39
www.second-opinions.co.uk 39 The challenge Phytoestrogens Female
hormones in males Abnormal hormone patterns in infants of both
sexes Implicated in cancers Phytic Acid Inhibits absorption of
minerals deficiency diseases Goitregens Decrease thyroid hormone
production Difficult to digest May ulcerate gut Allergenic. Avoid
soya 2. Avoid soya Slide 40 www.second-opinions.co.uk 40 The
challenge Animal fats are healthy Butter, lard, beef dripping,
cream Coconut oil has a very long shelf life. fats 3. To improve
taste, texture and palatability, replace carbs with fats Slide 41
www.second-opinions.co.uk 41 The challenge Oxidise readily Increase
cancer risk Hydrogenated oils (trans fats) Raise cholesterol Weaken
circulation Increase heart disease risk Compromise immune system
Increase risk of infectious diseases and cancer. 4. Avoid
polyunsaturated vegetable oils Slide 42 www.second-opinions.co.uk
42 The challenge Cardiovascular diseases Add vitamins B6, B12,
folic acid Cancer Add vitamin D. Vitamins 5. To improve health, add
Vitamins Slide 43 www.second-opinions.co.uk 43 Please, dont
sacrifice the health of your customers for the health of your
profit margins. Slide 44 www.second-opinions.co.uk 44 The trouble
with making all these changes so that you live longer is that all
the extra years come at the end when youre old!
