1 - ECpE 583 (Reconfigurable Computing): Map, Place & route Iowa State University (Ames) CPRE 583 Reconfigurable Computing Lecture 24: Wed 12/8/2010 (Map,

1 - ECpE 583 (Reconfigurable Computing): Map, Place & routeIowa State University (Ames)

CPRE 583Reconfigurable ComputingLecture 24: Wed 12/8/2010

(Map, Place & Route)

Instructor: Dr. Phillip Jones([email protected])

Reconfigurable Computing LaboratoryIowa State University

Ames, Iowa, USA

http://class.ee.iastate.edu/cpre583/


• HW3: finishing up (hope to release this evening) will be due Fri12/17 midnight.

• Two lectures left– Fri 12/3: Synthesis and Map– Wed 12/8: Place and Route

• Two class sessions for Project Presentations – Fri 12/10– Wed 12/15 (9 – 10:30 am)

• Take home final given on Wed 12/15 due 12/17 5pm

Announcements/Reminders


Initial Project Proposal Slides (5-10 slides)

• Project team list: Name, Responsibility (who is project leader)– Team size: 3-4 (5 case-by-case)

• Project idea• Motivation (why is this interesting, useful)• What will be the end result• High-level picture of final product

• High-level Plan– Break project into mile stones

• Provide initial schedule: I would initially schedule aggressively to have project complete by Thanksgiving. Issues will pop up to cause the schedule to slip.

– System block diagrams– High-level algorithms (if any)– Concerns

• Implementation• Conceptual

• Research papers related to you project idea


• FPL• FPT• FCCM• FPGA• DAC• ICCAD• Reconfig• RTSS• RTAS• ISCA

Projects Ideas: Relevant conferences

• Micro• Super Computing• HPCA• IPDPS


Initial Project Proposal Slides (5-10 slides)

• Project team list: Name, Responsibility (who is project leader)• Project idea

• Motivation (why is this interesting, useful)• What will be the end result• High-level picture of final product

• High-level Plan– Break project into mile stones

• Provide initial schedule: I would initially schedule aggressively to have project complete by Thanksgiving. Issues will pop up to cause the schedule to slip.

– System block diagrams– High-level algorithms (if any)– Concerns

• Implementation• Conceptual



Final Project Presentation (12-15 slides)

• Project team list: Name, Responsibility (who is project leader)• Project idea

• Motivation (why is this interesting, useful)• High-level picture of final product

• Implementation– System block diagrams– High-level algorithms (if any)

• Lessons learned– Design issue realizations– Implementation issues



Weekly Project Updates

• The current state of your project write up– Even in the early stages of the project you

should be able to write a rough draft of the Introduction and Motivation section

• The current state of your Final Presentation– Your Initial Project proposal presentation

(Due Fri 10/22). Should make for a starting point for you Final presentation

• What things are work & not working• What roadblocks are you running into


• Teams Formed and Idea: Mon 10/11– Project idea in Power Point 3-5 slides

• Motivation (why is this interesting, useful)• What will be the end result• High-level picture of final product

– Project team list: Name, Responsibility• High-level Plan/Proposal: Fri 10/22

– Power Point 5-10 slides• System block diagrams• High-level algorithms (if any)• Concerns

– Implementation– Conceptual

• Related research papers (if any)

Projects: Target Timeline


• Work on projects: 10/22 - 12/8– Weekly update reports

• More information on updates will be given• Presentations: Last Wed/Fri of class

– Present / Demo what is done at this point– 25-30 minutes (depends on number of projects)

• Final write up and Software/Hardware turned in (Fri: 12/17).

Projects: Target Timeline


Project Grading Breakdown

• 50% Final Project Demo• 30% Final Project Report

– 30% of your project report grade will come from your 5-6 project updates. Friday’s midnight

• 20% Final Project Presentation


• Mapping a synthesized circuit to FPGA components

• Placing components on the FPGA

• Routing: connecting components

Outline


Applications on FPGA: Low-level

• Implement circuit in VHDL (Verilog)• Simulate compiled VHDL• Synthesis VHDL into a device independent format• Map device independent format to device specific

resources– Check that device has enough resources for the design

• Place resources onto physical device locations• Route (connect) resources together

– Completely routed– Circuit meets specified performance

• Download configuration file (bit-steam) to the FPGA



Implement

Simulate

Synthesize

Map

Place

Route

Download


(Technology) Map

• Translate device independent net list to device specific resources


(Technology) Map



(Technology) Map



(Technology) Map




Implement

Simulate

Synthesize

Map

Place

Route

Download


Place• Bind each mapped resource to a physical

device location– User Guided Layout (Chapter 16:Reconfigurable Computing)

– General Purpose (Chapter 14:Reconfigurable Computing)

• Simulated Annealing• Partition-based

– Structured Guided (Chapter 15:Reconfigurable Computing)

• Data Path based

• Heuristics used– No efficient means for finding an optimal solution


Place (High-level)

Netlist from technology mapping

in A in B in C

LUTD RAM

E

DFFF

DFFGclk

out


Place (High-level)


in A in B in C

LUTD RAM

E

DFFF

DFFGclk

out

FPGA physical layout

I/O I/O I/O I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O I/O I/O I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

LUT

LUTBRAM

BRAM

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT


Place (High-level)

FPGA physical layout

clk in C out I/O

In A

In B

I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O I/O I/O I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

LUT

DE

BRAM

G

F

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT


in A in B in C

LUTD RAM

E

DFFF

DFFGclk

out


Place

• User Guided Layout (Chapter 16:Reconfigurable Computing

• General Purpose (Chapter 14:Reconfigurable Computing)

– Simulated Annealing– Partition-based

• Structured Guided (Chapter 15:Reconfigurable Computing)

– Data Path based


Place (User-Guided)

• User provide information about applications structure to help guide placement– Can help remove critical paths– Can greatly reduce amount of time for routing

• Several methods to guide placement– Fixed region– Floating region– Exact location– Relative location


Place (User-Guided): Examples

Fixed region

LUTD

DFFF

DFFG

Part ofMap Netlist

FPGA



Fixed region

LUTD

DFFF

DFFG

Part ofMap Netlist

FPGA

SDRAM



Floating region

FPGA

SoftcoreProcessor



LUTD

DFFF

DFFG

Part ofMap Netlist

FPGA

LUT

LUTBRAM

BRAM

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

Exact Location



Exact Location

LUTD

DFFF

DFFG

Part ofMap Netlist

FPGA

LUT

LUTBRAM

BRAM

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT G

D

LUT

F

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT



LUTD

DFFF

DFFG

Part ofMap Netlist

FPGA

LUT

LUTBRAM

BRAM

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

Relative Location

G

D F



LUTD

DFFF

DFFG

Part ofMap Netlist

FPGA

LUT

LUTBRAM

BRAM

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

Relative Location

G

D F



LUTD

DFFF

DFFG

Part ofMap Netlist

FPGA

LUT

LUTBRAM

BRAM

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

Relative Location

G

D F


Place





– Data Path based


Place (General Purpose)

• Characteristics:– Places resources without any knowledge of high

level structure– Guided primarily by local connections between

resources

• Drawback: Does not take explicit advantage of applications structure

• Advantage: Typically can be used to place any arbitrary circuit



• Preprocess Map Netlist using Clustering– Group netlist components that have local

conductivity into a single logic block

• Clustering helps to reduce the number of objects a placement algorithm has to explicitly place.



• Placement using simulated annealing– Based on the physical process of annealing

used to create metal alloys



• Simulated annealing basic algorithm

Placement_cur = Inital_Placement;T = Initial_Temperature;

While (not exit criteria 1) While (not exit criteria 2)

• Placement_new = Modify_placement(Placement_cur)1. ∆ Cost = Cost(Placement_new) – Cost(Placement_cur)2. r = random (0,1);3. If r < e^(-∆Cost / T), Then Placement_cur = Placement_new

End loop T = UpdateTemp(T);End loop



• Simulated annealing: IllustrationFPGA

LUT

LUTBRAM

BRAM

A

LUT

B

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

X

LUT

Z

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

G

D F




LUT

LUTBRAM

BRAM

LUT

LUT

B

A

LUT

D

LUT

LUT

LUT

Z

G

X

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT F




LUT

LUTBRAM

BRAM

A

LUT

B

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

X

LUT

Z

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

G

D F




LUT

LUTBRAM

BRAM

LUT

A

B

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

X

LUT

Z

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

G

D F




LUT

LUTBRAM

BRAM

LUT

A

B

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

X

Z

LUT

LUT

LUT

LUT

G

D F


Place





– Data Path based


Place (Structured-based)

• Leverage structure of the application

• Algorithms my work well for a give structure, but will likely give unacceptable results for an design with little regular structure.


Structure high-level example



Implement

Simulate

Synthesize

Map

Place

Route

Download


Route

• Connect placed resources together• Two requirements

– Design must be completely routed– Routed design meets timing requirements

• Widely used algorithm “PathFinder”– PathFinder (FPGA’95)

• McMurchie and Ebeling – Reconfigurable Computing (Chapter 17)

• Scott Hauch, Andre Dehon (2008)


Route: Route FPGA Circuit


Route (PathFinder)

• PathFinder: A Negotiation-Based Performance-Driven Router for FPGAs (FPGA’95)

• Basic PathFinder algorithm– Based closely on Djikstra’s shortest path

• Weights are assigned to nodes instead of edges


Route (PathFinder): Example

• G = (V,E)– Vertices V: set of nodes (wires)– Edges E: set of switches used to connect wires– Cost of using a wire: c_n = (b_n + h_n) * p_n

S1 S2 S3

D1 D2 D3

A B C

1

1

1

11

14 3

34

3

3

2

2



• Simple node cost cn = bn

– Obstacle avoidance• Note order matters

S1 S2 S3

D1 D2 D3

A B C

1

1

1

11

14 3

34

3

3

2

2



• cn = b * p– p: sharing cost (function of number of signals

sharing a resource)– Congestion avoidance

S1 S2 S3

D1 D2 D3

A B C

1

1

1

11

14 3

34

3

3

2

2



• cn = (b + h) * p– h: history of previous iteration sharing cost– Congestion avoidance

S1 S2 S3

D1 D2 D3

A B C

2

21

1 1

1

2

2

1

1




S1 S2 S3

D1 D2 D3

A B C

2

21

1 1

1

2

2

1

1




S1 S2 S3

D1 D2 D3

A B C

2

21

1 1

1

2

2

1

1




S1 S2 S3

D1 D2 D3

A B C

2

21

1 1

1

2

2

1

1




S1 S2 S3

D1 D2 D3

A B C

2

21

1 1

1

2

2

1

1




S1 S2 S3

D1 D2 D3

A B C

2

21

1 1

1

2

2

1

1




S1 S2 S3

D1 D2 D3

A B C

2

21

1 1

1

2

2

1

1



Implement

Simulate

Synthesize

Map

Place

Route

Download


Download

• Convert routed design into a device configuration file (e.g. bitfile for Xilinx devices)


Next Lecture

• Project presentations


Questions/Comments/Concerns

• Write down– Main point of lecture

– One thing that’s still not quite clear

– If everything is clear, then give an example of how to apply something from lecture

OR


Place (Structured-based)

• Leverage structure of the application– Algorithms my work well for a give structure, but will likely

give unacceptable results for an design with little regular structure.

• GLACE “A Generic Library for Adaptive Computing Environments” (FPL 2001)– Is an example tool that takes the structure of an application

into account.• FLAME (Flexible API for Module-based Environments)• JHDL (From BYU)• Gen (From Lockheed-Martin Advanced Technology

Laboratories)


GLACE: High-level


GLACE: Flow


GLACE: Library Modules


GLACE: Data Path and Control Path


GLACE: FLAME low-level


GLACE: Final placement example

Documents

1 - ECpE 583 (Reconfigurable Computing): Map, Place & route Iowa State University (Ames) CPRE 583 Reconfigurable Computing Lecture 24: Wed 12/8/2010 (Map,