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1
Chapter Overview
Network Cables Network Interface Adapters Network Hubs
2
Cable Topologies
Bus Star Ring Hierarchical star Mesh Wireless
3
Bus Topology
Bus Topology Bus Topology Failure
4
Star Topology
Star Topology
5
Hierarchical Star Topology
6
Ring Topology
Ring Topology Ring Topology Failure
7
Ring Network Types
Physical ring Logical ring Double ring
8
Mesh LAN Topology
9
Mesh Internetwork
10
Wireless Topologies
Ad hoc topology: Connects two or more wireless computers communicating with each other only
Infrastructure network: Connects wireless computers communicating with a network access point that provides access to a standard cabled network
11
Coaxial Cable
12
Coaxial Cable Types
RG-8 RG-58
Application Thick EthernetAKA 10Base5
Thin EthernetAKA 10Base2
Thickness 0.405 inch 0.195 inch
Connector Type
N BNC with a T-fitting
Max cable length Segment
500 meter 200 meters (Actually 185)
Thin Ethernet
13
Twisted-Pair Cable
14
UTP Cable Grades
EIA/TIA Grade ApplicationsCategory 3 Voice-grade telephone networks, 10-
Mbps Ethernet, 4-Mbps Token Ring, 100Base-T4 Fast Ethernet, and 100Base-VG-AnyLAN
Category 4 16-Mbps Token Ring
Category 5 100Base-TX Fast Ethernet, Synchronous Optical Network (SONET), and Optical Carrier (OC3) Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
Category 5e or higher
1000Base-T (Gigabit Ethernet)
15
Fiber Optic Cable
16
Fiber Optic Connectors
17
Fiber Optic Cable Types
Singlemode: Used for wide area networks (WANs) and other long cable runs
Multimode: Used for local area networks (LANs) and short cable runs
18
Network Interface Adapters
Called network interface cards (NICs) when installed in expansion slots
Provide the computer with an interface to the network
Usually take the form of an expansion card
Can be integrated into the motherboard
19
Network Interface Adapter Functions
Data encapsulation Signal encoding and decoding Data transmission and reception Data buffering Data-link protocol implementation Serial/parallel conversion Media Access Control (MAC)
20
NIC Purchasing Checklist
Does the NIC use the correct data-link layer protocol?
Does the NIC use the correct bus type? Does the NIC have the correct cable
connector?
21
Installing a NIC
To install a NIC into a standard expansion slot on a desktop computer:
1. Power off the computer.2. Open the computer case.3. Locate a free slot.4. Remove the slot cover.5. Insert the card into the slot.6. Secure the card in the slot.7. Close the computer case.
NIC Installation
22
Network Interface Adapter Requirements
Network interface adapters use the following hardware resources: An interrupt request (IRQ) An input/output (I/O) port address A memory address A direct memory access (DMA) channel
Most network interface adapters require only an IRQ and an I/0 port address.
23
Troubleshooting Network Interface Adapters
Network interface adapters rarely malfunction.
Test all other networking components first.
Use the network interface adapter manufacturer’s diagnostics.
Replace network interface adapters rather than trying to repair them.
24
Understanding Ethernet Hubs
A hub connects all of the computers on a star or ring network.
Ethernet hubs are available in various sizes.
A hub creates a shared network medium on a LAN.
25
Connecting Ethernet Hubs
Most hubs have an uplink port. Uplink ports provide a straight-through
circuit. To connect two hubs, plug a cable into
the uplink port on one hub and into a standard port on the other hub.
Play Video
26
Understanding MAUs
27
Chapter Summary The network topology is the pattern used to connect
computers and other devices with the cable or other network medium.
The three primary LAN topologies are bus, star, and ring. Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable in the star topology
is the most common network medium used today. A network interface adapter provides the interface that
enables a computer to connect to a network. The network interface adapter and its driver implement
the data-link layer protocol on the computer. Hubs are devices that connect computers on a star or
ring network.