0460/11 GEOGRAPHY - Question Paper November 2020 - GCE Guide

Cambridge IGCSE™

This document has 32 pages. Blank pages are indicated.

DC (ST/CT) 180594/6© UCLES 2020 [Turn over

*4044842991*

GEOGRAPHY 0460/11

Paper 1 Geographical Themes October/November 2020

1 hour 45 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

You will need: Insert (enclosed) Calculator Ruler

INSTRUCTIONS ● Answer three questions in total, one from each section. ● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. ● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page. ● Write your answer to each question in the space provided. ● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid. ● Do not write on any bar codes. ● If additional space is needed, you should use the lined pages at the end of this booklet; the question

number or numbers must be clearly shown.

INFORMATION ● The total mark for this paper is 75. ● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ]. ● The insert contains additional resources referred to in the questions.

DefinitionsMEDCs – More Economically Developed CountriesLEDCs – Less Economically Developed Countries

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Section A

Answer one question from this section.

1 (a) Study Fig. 1.1, which is a map showing population density in mainland USA.

N

Keypeople per sq km

over 1250

50 – 5000 500

km

1000

501 – 1250

under 50

Montana

Florida

Texas

New Mexico

Colorado

California

Massachusetts

Fig. 1.1

(i) Florida has a population density of 980 people per square kilometre. Complete the shading in Fig. 1.1 for the state of Florida. [1]

(ii) Put the following states in rank order according to their population density.

California Colorado Montana Texas

............................................ Highest density

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............................................ Lowest density [2]

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(iii) Describe the distribution of states with a population density of over 1250 people per square kilometre.

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(iv) Explain how economic factors can influence population density.

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(b) Look again at Fig. 1.1 along with Figs. 1.2 and 1.3, which show information about relief and climate in the USA.

Relief of the USA

N

Keyheight above sea level

over 2000 m

under 500 m0 500

km1000

500 – 2000 m

Fig. 1.2

Climate of the USA

N

0 500km

1000

Keyannual precipitation

over 1500 mm

under 750 mminternationalboundarystate boundary

750 – 1500 mm

0

040

10

– 10– 20– 30

2030

New Mexico (total 184 mm)

J FMAM J JASOND

tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

prec

ipita

tion

(mm

)

0

0

100

10

– 10– 20– 30

2030

Massachusetts (total 1206 mm)

J F MAMJJ ASOND

tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

prec

ipita

tion

(mm

)

Fig. 1.3

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(i) Using Figs. 1.1 and 1.2 only, state how relief influences population density in the USA.

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(ii) Using Figs. 1.1 and 1.3 only, suggest reasons for the difference in population density between New Mexico and Massachusetts. Use statistics in your answer.

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(c) For a country you have studied with a high young or old dependent population, describe the problems caused by this population structure. Circle your choice of young or old dependent population.

Name of country ..............................................

Young dependent Old dependent

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[Total: 25]

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PLEASE TURN PAGE FOR QUESTION 2

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2 (a) Study Fig. 2.1, which is a map showing selected land uses in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, an urban area in the UK (an MEDC).

N

0 2 4 6 8

km

River Tyne

Byker

Gosforth

Byker

Gosforth

TownMoor

ToNorthSea

A1

A19

Key

industryCentral Business District (CBD)

middle cost housinglow cost housing

riverboundary of urban area

main road

high cost housing

Fig. 2.1

(i) Identify the main land use in Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Circle your answer below.

CBD housing industry [1]

(ii) Town Moor is an area of open space. Give two reasons why areas of open space are important within urban areas.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

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2 ........................................................................................................................................

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(iii) Suggest the likely differences between the housing at Byker and Gosforth.

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(iv) Suggest reasons for the distribution of industry shown in Fig. 2.1.

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(b) Study Figs. 2.2 and 2.3 (Insert), which are photographs taken in an area which is being developed in the rural-urban fringe of a small town.

(i) Suggest three reasons why the rural-urban fringe shown in Figs. 2.2 and 2.3 is being developed.

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(ii) Suggest why some people may agree with the development of the area shown in Figs. 2.2 and 2.3 but other people may oppose it.

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(c) For a named urban area you have studied, describe and explain the characteristics of the Central Business District (CBD).

Name of urban area ..............................................

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[Total: 25]

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Section B


3 (a) Study Fig. 3.1 (Insert), which is a photograph of a coastal area in Spain.

(i) What coastal landform is marked by an X in Fig. 3.1?

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(ii) Describe two characteristics of coastal landform X.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

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(iii) Explain how the natural arch, marked Y in Fig. 3.1, was formed by coastal erosion.

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(iv) Suggest reasons why the coastline shown in Fig. 3.1 is not straight.

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(b) Study Fig. 3.2, a map of Tobago, in the Caribbean, which shows coral reefs.

0 105

km

N

Keycoral reefs

Caribbean Sea

Caribbean Sea

Fig. 3.2

(i) Describe the distribution of coral reefs shown in Fig. 3.2.

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(ii) Describe the conditions required for the development of coral reefs.

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(c) For a named coastal area you have studied, describe attempts to manage erosion.

Name of coastal area ..............................................

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[Total: 25]

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4 (a) Study Fig. 4.1, which shows three traditional weather instruments.

60

DRY WET

50

40

30

20

10

0

– 10

60°C °C

50

40

30

20

10

0

– 10

30

°C °C

20

10–

+0

10

20

30

40

50

50

40

30

–

+

20

10

0

10

20

30

Min Max

mb

1010

1000

990

980

970

960 1070

1060

1050

1040

1030

1020

Instrument A Instrument B Instrument C

Fig. 4.1

(i) Which diagram, A, B or C, shows a barometer?

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(ii) Using Fig. 4.1, state:

– the atmospheric pressure ......................................

– the maximum temperature ...................................... [2]

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(iii) Explain how the instrument labelled A in Fig. 4.1 is used to work out relative humidity.

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(iv) Draw and label the traditional weather instrument which is used to measure wind direction.

[4]

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(b) Study Fig. 4.2, which shows a Stevenson Screen.

Fig. 4.2

(i) Explain how the following features of a Stevenson Screen make sure that the instruments inside give accurate readings:

– it is painted white

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– it is on legs

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– it is made from wood

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(ii) Describe and explain the ideal location of a Stevenson Screen.

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(c) For a named river you have studied, explain why flooding has occurred.

Name of river ..............................................

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[Total: 25]

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Section C


5 (a) Study Fig. 5.1, which is information about the climate of the Maldives (an LEDC). The Maldives is a group of islands on the Equator in the Indian Ocean, which are important for tourism.

0J F M A M J J

months

Monthly average temperature and rainfall

A S O N D

5

10

15

20

25

30 300

250

200

150

100

50

0

temperature(°C)

rainfall(mm)

0J F M A M J J

months

Monthly average sunshine hours

A S O N D

50

100

150

200

250

300

sunshine(hours)

Fig. 5.1

(i) Use Fig. 5.1 to estimate the total annual rainfall in the Maldives.

Circle your answer below.

950 mm 1750 mm 2050 mm 3250 mm [1]

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(ii) Describe the attractions of the climate of the Maldives for tourists.

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(iii) Describe the characteristics of the physical landscape of small tropical islands, such as the Maldives, which have encouraged the growth of the tourist industry.

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(iv) Suggest ways in which the tourist industry is likely to benefit local communities in the Maldives.

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(b) Study Fig. 5.2, a map of Hulhumalé, an island in the Maldives, and Fig. 5.3 (Insert) which shows a new hotel being built.

The new hotel is located at X in Fig. 5.2.

N

0 0.5 1

km

HULHUMALÉHULHUMALÉ

openspace

industrialzone

toairport

housing

housing

main areaof shops

and restaurants

beachbeach

mainferry

terminal

moorings forfishing boats

coral reef

X

sea

sea

Fig. 5.2

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(i) To what extent is X an ideal location for a new hotel?

Give reasons for your answer.

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(ii) Suggest reasons why many people who live on Hulhumalé may not agree with the building of the new hotel.

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(c) For a named country or area you have studied, describe the different methods which are used to manage tourism.

Name of country or area ..............................................

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[Total: 25]

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6 (a) Study Fig. 6.1, which shows information about changes over time in a coal mining settlement in Germany.

00 10 20 30 40 50 60

number of years after coal was discovered



Keyprimarysecondarytertiary

Employment structure

70 80 90 100

20

40

60

80

100

workforce(%)

00 10 20 30 40 50 60

Population

70 80 90 100

2000

4000

6000

8000

population

00 10 20 30 40 50 60

Annual production of coal

70 80 90 100

20

40

60

80

annualproduction

of coal(000

tonnes)

Fig. 6.1

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(i) Coal is a fossil fuel. What is meant by fossil fuel ?

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(ii) Describe the relationship, shown in Fig. 6.1, between the production of coal and the size of the population in the settlement in the 20 years after coal was discovered. Use statistics in your answer.

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(iii) Describe how the following sectors of employment have changed over the period of time shown in Fig. 6.1.

Primary ..............................................................................................................................

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Secondary .........................................................................................................................

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(iv) Explain why a country should not rely completely on fossil fuels as a source of energy.

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(b) Study Fig. 6.2, which is an extract from a newspaper about the development of solar energy in Pakistan.

Is Pakistan’s solar power the answer to its energy issues?Concerned with power cuts (outages), people are installing small-scale roof-top solar panels to generate electricity for their homes and businesses.

Pakistan already has one major solar park – the Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park in Bahawalpur, built with Chinese investment. It can produce 400 megawatts of power with plans to rise to 1500 megawatts of solar energy.

Detailed maps have recently been developed which show the areas which have the most potential for solar power. These maps have created interest from major overseas investors and have made possible future development of solar energy. The south western province of Balochistan – a desert area with little cloud cover – has the country’s largest solar potential.

Fig. 6.2

(i) Using Fig. 6.2 only, explain why Pakistan is expected to develop solar energy.

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(ii) Explain why renewable sources do not provide large amounts of energy in many countries.

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(c) For a named country or area you have studied, describe different methods used to supply clean drinking water to the population.

Name of country ..............................................

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[Total: 25]

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Additional Pages

If you use the following lined pages to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s) must be clearly shown.

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

Documents

0460/11 GEOGRAPHY - Question Paper November 2020 - GCE Guide