02 Preface

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ENGINEERING MAKES THE DIFFERENCE V 2.17 File:02-Preface.xlsxA B C D E F G H I J K L M N

INSTEAD OF A PREFACEOn this Pakistan day, August 14, 2009, as 21 guns are fired, I recall my retirement from nearly half a century of

my career in ICC. I went into a reflective mood. I could see events of yester years marching past on the screen

of my of my mind. In this playback, I saw myself having an interview with Mr. Shafiq Siddiqi, CEE(Chief Erection

Engineer) in his then magestic swiss cottage. I was a fresh appointee (Sep. 1959). He was a little hesitant to give me any

assignment. He asked, what sort of assignment I was looking for. In engineering college, I was impressed with bridge design

and even now I fancy good looking bridges round the world. My answere was naturally " a design job". He told me there was

none in the company. It may be noted that the first project was a turn key job. But he was partially correct as the design was

part of the then BBC Germany. But he stressed that without a field experience of at least five years, one cannot become a

good designer. Then he let me go without an assignment. I simply sat in the so called drawing office, that was setup in a

small tent called chholdari. A week must have passed by without an assignment. row 20

The scene changes and I find myself doing sag-tension calculations with rain dripping all around the chholdari, and wind

blowing my papers. It may be interesting to note that those days, very decorative but inexpensive

paperweights were available. Now they are only in antique shops. The only computing

At that time, I had no intension of writing a book. It came much latter, when Mr. R. A. Sheikh gave me some notes prepared row 30

by a Harza engineer, Mr. H. A. Wahl. He was training WAPDA engineers starting October of 1969, when I had just moved to a 220kv

project with office at Gujranwala. I would get these notes at the end of 1970. Mr. Sheikh would soon retire as General Manager WAPDA.

132 kv. These notes were not very legible. I started to get them retyped. I think three volumes out of five were done. I hope some one in ICC

will now complete that project for future generation. I have reproduced a table of contents of these notes on the attached worksheet.

camp. The kerosene oil lantern also gives waves of smoke as a friendly response to wind gusts. A0 size drawings on the small

folding table with shaky legs getting out of hands. But the work had to be done at night, because SUKKUR was a new row 40

conference in France, he promised to present me the famous CARPENTER'S book on Tower Design. The book

was in French and the present would be made if I learnt French. So I got admission in ALLIANCE

FRANCAISE DE LAHORE- in a special first time intensive course of spoken French with no other

language allowed in the class. My certificate is attached here. That earned me the BOOK.

Lloyd was hesitant to approve me as project manager for it, as I was an electrical engineer. He insisted

that a civil engineer be appointed for this project. The pole casting bed was located on a bed rock and so

required little foundation work. The inserts were pieces of channels, some of them to hold the prestressing row 50

wire drums at various angles. The angles were set using a theodolite. When the bed was completed, he

came for inspection and pointed out that one of the several channel pieces already grouted in place was at

a wrong angle. He was leaving for Lahore next morning. If I cannot tell which one, before he leaves for Lahore, I am off the project.

Two rows each 4 wire drums is seen mounted,While extra drums are lying behind them.Each drum is so set that the wire leaves at an

appropriate angle to enter the relevant hole

in the formwork seen on right of the picture. row 60

MR

. R. Q

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WE

LL

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Transmission Line Engineering with spread sheet

[email protected]

device then was a slide rule. I had the famous German Faber Castell from my college

days. that would be stolen latter from my Nawab shah camp, 1961-62. I was not

particularly good at calculations but there seemed an air of authority around me with the device hanging in my neck, much like

doctors wearing their stethescope, or like a king wearing the crown.

He had special affection for me since my first project (1959), where he was the incharge executive engineer of the project, Warsak Kharian

Fastforward to 1963 when I had camped along the River Sindh in Sukkur, doing design calculations for modification of river crossing towers

for Shah-kot Punjab. (Once again an assignment from Mr. R.A.Sheikh) The wind is strong. There is no electrical connection in the

project and days were very busy. Latter around end ofpresent me 1972, when Mr. Sheikh had returned from CEGRÉ

The scene changes to Rohri Pole Plant under construction, 1965-66. The Canadian Consultant, Mr. R.

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mailto:[email protected]


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MR

. R. Q

UE

NS

WE

LL

Rest of the day, I sat on the bed, pondering upon how to tell which one is wrong. The problem was that a theodolite could not "see"

the various channels from any position to read the angles of their axes (I think the values were 11-1/2 Deg. For the outer and 7-1/2 Deg..

for the inner ones. I thought of an idea. I should extend the lines and measure the distances on lines outside the bed on either side

and thus prove they are as per solution of various triangles. But it required a lot of calculations overnight. and I had already lost my slide

rule. So I worked untill dawn, with Five Figure Log Tables. By morning my triangles were solved and layout sketches were ready

I handed overthese to my junior colleague, Mr. Maqbool Ahmad Rizvi. I had a deep in my bed. Mr. Lloyd did leave for the airport,



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Mr. Queenswell saw our team and headed to the airport smiling but without a word. Soon he would row 80

return to say we were alright and no need to find out the end result. But my team did not stop the work

and found everything was in order. Mr. Lloyd, from then on would take me very seriously. When he finally

left for Canada, he invited me in his office and said that I could pick up any thing and every thing from

his records as he had closed the office for good and remains were useless for him. I looked through

his correspondence files and found his letter to his head office praising my earlier work wherin I had

dicovered a computer error in their sag-tension calculations for all the seven lines of lot I. . I will have

more to say about this letter in a latter chapter.

(Programable computer with a memory of 45 key depressions), the hit and trial solution of piles in row 90

triangular layout with a truncated cap. Increased spacing of piles would reduce uplift but add cost to the

pile cap. I had to make several trials, possibly making new errors every time. Over the lunch, I discussed

the progress with the client PARCO main contractor. Their project engineer had a programable

calculator with 1000 key depression memory- TI-59. So I went to his office for my trials. I remember, it was past midnight and I could not

get a cab back to the hotel. Thus an already out of sleep engineer had to drop me at the hotel.

computations using my home computer- a PC XT, then a novelty. It is with that machine that I started to work on spreadsheets for

my design work. The software was FRAMEWORK. Over time I would design a lot of spreadsheets, using the FRED language built

in the FRAMEWORK. This language was very similar to PASCAL, that I had learned recently at The Punjab University on a MANGO row 100

computer. This was a local version of APPLE, That I had studied at Punjab University. The interface was very cryptic, similar to

WORDSTAR, which then was a jewal of a word processor. These sheets made were available readily to do standard work quickly and

home computer had been replaced by a 386 followed by a 486 with 15MB Ram, Then a huge memory size. And now I have 8GB on

my Lenovo X220 with two solid state SHDD each 190GB and 12 GB on ASUS G74Sx with two Terabyte HDDs.

Actually my first book, based on the spreadsheet program FRED FRAMEWORK in1997 was presented to a seminar at IEEEP. I then

participated in software display in Islamabad. This exhibition was organized by Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission- More exactly

KRL labs. In this book, I had presented the design of a spread foundation for a 500 KV line, that was actually installed with this design.

Together with the design in this book I had included the source code and a system analysis using SADT, demonstrating that row 110

very different analysis results with change of perspective. Then SADT was not really known in my country. The other exhibits on display

were from professional software companies usually exhibiting accounting packages. I also had exhibited the our in-house developed

software, that won seond place. Yet my book was put in Top ten category. So I started writing more and more using this spread sheet

(Framework IV, by ASHTON TATE). Behind the training of an engineer, as a rule there are hundreds of known and unknow individuals.

But four people are worth mentioning just considering only my work with spreadsheet. These are directly or indirectly responsible for my

professional development in using spreadsheet for transmission engineering.

imagine my team asking me questions about their application and data, and I would have to run homewards for finding an answere. row 120

line of authority and became a mere figurhead on the project attending meaningless meetings and drinking coffey over usual office jokes.

I have described all above to highlight the need for computing power for a design engineer. Employers do not give it any

importance. My company was not alone in this respect. I had noted similar tendecies in large organizations like WAPDA

and NESPAK. When I got the FRAMEWORK disk from WAPDA design office, I was told that their mainframe had terminals

with PS to Chairman, and some high officials, who would be afraid of even touching the keyboard. No terminal was provided

in the Design Hall for use by design engineers, who actually needed the facility.

With my humble home computer, I had written my first book on design of foundations using spreadsheet (FRAMEWORK II) I kept it row 130

updated as the FRAMEWORK was updated to FRAMEWORK III and then IV-in 1992. A recom;iled copy will be made available on my site,

There was no computer at our head office nor in the drawing section of wich I was the in-charge. Even computer time was not available

for me in the mapping office. In fact, once I wanted to make a flow chart of our mapping process, an effort to diagnose the reason of

and would not place a computer on my desk when many were free from the project. In fact one of the reason to not accept

deputing his junior colleague, Mr. R. Queenswell(spellings?) to report to him as to what were our plans.

I can very clearly see me in a room in Hotel continental Karach around 1978, struggling with my HP-45

Skipping a lot of time span The scene then changes to Lahore around 1986. I am running between my home and office to do my

economically. My company would buy their first IBM AT compatibles with small hard disks and 256 KB RAM in 1990-1991- When my

I was then in-charge of the mapping project for which 17 computers were proposed but the quantity increased to 40 over two years.

But believe it or not, there was none on my table. For computations, I used to run to my home, usually making a long lunch break. Just

it would be very embarasing for me to tell them to wait for my return from my home base. And as the luck would have it, I dropped out of the

www.TLEngr.com ASAP. On this site, I plan to put my other publications of my past. It may also be of interest in its own way.

This book itself was complied in FRAMEWORK, except for the diagrams. AUTOCAD then was used in the mapping project office only.

lack of progress; and isolate the bottlenecks. But I was physically stopped from using a computer. It was then, that I protested strongly



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ICC offer of the post of advisor was their restriictive computer policy.

I had put up the FRAMEWORK IV version of this book and the spreadsheet in an exhibition in Islamabad, under the auspices of KRL, row 140

discontinued and no more supported by Windows OS. Then I switched over to Microsoft Excel. But in the process I lost all of my

work that could not be reformatted to be readable by excel. In fact a software consultant worked on this issue, courtesy Mr. Javid Akhtar.

But he could only read the spreadsheet without access to the FRED. I had to restart anew.

But I was constantly searching for the publisher and by DEC 15, 2011, Asim located a DOS emulator, called DOSBOX from:

This allows the framework IV to run insie it. Since I had the original framework

on my HDD, I can not only read all my files, but can edit them as well. Thus I am

supplying some representative files with this book. My old framework, however, row 150

does not support printers now in the market. But at least my legacy DATA

can be read and used.

My search for the new publisher was fruitfull at last on Dec. 31, 2011, when I

encountered the following:

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A license was immediately purchased. The IX version was actually to run in windows XP and Microsoft provides a virtual pc and

Windows XP mode free of cost. So I thought of including my old work as a new section, on the hope that users can also get the lisence

and run my old files. But my hopes were frustrated when I experimented with the package and found I could not printmy files except on

an old printer HP Laser 4- that I no longer own. Even for that, I needed a driver from the publisher. So I abandoned the idea. But it will allow

me to republish my book on Foundation Design by capturing new colored screens, which I intend to do.

I had presented an Excel workbook titled " A complete design of 220 KV Transmission Line" in the 15th. Multitopic Symposium of IEEEP row 180

Karachi Centre

where I was the chairman of the session. As I was already working on design using spreadsheets, I announced at the end of the session

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received by the members with awe. After presentation I announced to present another workbook based on Dr. Kasikci's paper on row 184

Design of OF underground cables in Karachi. Unfortunately, I got to busy and did not fulfill this promise. But now I plan to have that

workbook designed and included here.

All the above imagination lead me to put togather my experience in the form of Excel workbooks for the benefit of my younger colleagues

to come. Professional programmers and my friends professors at FAST and LUMS, consider my work as trivial, as it does not have the

usual bells and whistles and high sounding algorithms of commercial offerings. But considering the perceived usefulness of my efforts, row 190

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A friend of mine, looking at my software in BASIC that I had published in eighties, remarked that my product was not an F-16. I told him row 194

in return, that my company's livelihood was in making bullock carts- and it was my duty to ensure new designs within that sphere.

July 21-23, 1994. Latter it was exhibited in FAST Lahore (28-29 January, 1995). Unfortunately, the software FRAMEWORK was

http://www.dosbox.com.

. This was based on another paper presented by Dr. Kasikci in a similar Syposium.96,

that an excel workbook will be presented by me. This workbook is included in the present collection, titled TL1-Dr_Kasikci.xlsx. It was

I decided to keep working on this project. I may not live long enough to complete my project, but it is not the arrival at a destination

but the journey, that is more interesting. I am sure my colleagues in Transmission Line Engineering will value this effort.


http://www.dosbox.com./


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I should not be judged from the low tech product but from my efforts in innovation in that product that ensured timely development of skill

and knowledge that resulted in continuous business. On that count I think I did succeed. His remarks did not discourage me. I rather felt

proud of my LITTLE BOOK.

I also recall Mr. A. W. Whal of HARZA, who had collected huge notes for training WAPDA Transmission Line engineers. He named the row 200

collection as WAHL'S LITTLE MANUAL. It was actually an EPITOME of transmission Line. AND it was not little by any means. He had row 201

collected so much information and guide lines for the profession that it had become a Bible of Transmission Line Engineering.

At the time that he was training WAPDA engineers, I was busy in Sukkur and the Gujranwala. I had collected those papers in 6

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Some of it in electronic form. I will see if it is presentable. I might add an annexure.

in 2006 in a seminar at IEEEP, I met Mr. Javid Akhtar, Retired member WAPDA, who used to encourage me in my learning, while he

was chief Engineer design in early seventies. He asked me to write a book giving history of Transmission Line in Pakistan. I did not find

the effort worthwhile because of it's futility. Any body could write this book. But an engineer of my background, who found it very difficult row 210

to practice the Transmission Line profession, due to general lack of information on the subject, would rather like to preserve what has

been obtained, for the future generation and time spent in that effort will be well spent.

beautifully bound volumes. As they were poor copies, I started a project to retype them. The project was still going on when I left. I hope

some one in the company will complete it and make it public for the Transmission Line engineers. It was a great collection. I do have



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In 1962, while working in Faisal abad area, I met a Harza engineer who was inspecting my work to settle a dispute I had with the clients row 214

engineer on acceptability of a finished foundation. This Harza engineer decided the case in my favor. He told me that he appreciated the

inter-disciplinary knowledge that I had acquired the hard way. He told me to get a folder and start filing anything and everything that I

stumbled over in my quest for the knowledge. I did that forthwith. As a result I had accumulated tons of material some organized in

folders and some scattered. The biggest room in my house was allocated to this collection. So whenever I was called upon to do

something for the first time in my company, I would dig out in it and usually I could find what was needed. Thus I did feel that the need

to organize this material and leave this legacy for my younger colleagues is URGENT and a MUST. So after my kids disposed off all my row 220

collection to a local pulp mill, I still had some left in our store room. So what ever material I have left over I am trying to organize in a what

I call inter-active book form.

In addition to the individuals mentioned above, I am specially thankful to: row 224

1-Mr. M. Ahmad, a WAPDA design engineer, who gave me the first two 5-1/4" disks containing FRAMEWORK II.

2-Mr. Imran Mufti, a NESPAK engineer, who actually taught me this software, by sharing with me what he had

3-Mr. Azhar Bhatti, then an independent consultant, who

actually diverted my attention to the possibilities of doing engineering with spreadsheet by sharing and discussing

his design work. And last but not the least row 230

4-A Senior partner of R. W. Beck and associates, Seattle, who visited Pakistan in 1991 and was impressed with my

work in FRAMEWORKIII and presented me with an original package of FRAMEWORK IV.

I mut mention here a spreadsheet designer named Engr. Mohammad Younas Khan, a WAPDA engineer who applied for the post of a

programmer in our Mapping project (1992). During interview, he highlighted his experience of designing lotus 123 spreadsheets for

electrical design of power circuits. We actually were looking for designers, who could write programs in FARLAP C- A version of C that

could be used as a companion language to Autocad (version 11 for DOS). It has been my policy, not to keep the candidates guessing of

the outcome of the interview. So I elaborated our need and told him that he did not fit the slot. He insisted that spreadsheet was also a

programming experience, and to highlight it, he sent me a printout from his work, with a memo dated July 2, 1991. at that time, I was

myself writing workbooks in FRED FRAMEWORK, and hated lotus as Jerry Pournelle, one of the what an early columnist in Byte row 240

(Chaos Manner) put it, for its colorblindedness and for long string of formulass with a lots and

lots of braces, difficult to see, which is the opening and corresponding closing bracket. Oppossed to it,

FRAMEWORK had a Pascal like syntax and allowd free use of spaces to make the formulas higly readable.

Unfortunately FRAMEWORK died and we are left with Excell. here also there is long chain of formulas but luckily

the pop out tool tips do help to some extent to read correctly. And they have VBA, if one wants the Pascal like

syntax. I have given the image of a page of printout from Mr. Younas, on the right in the non printing area.

In the words of C. G. Watson in the preface of his book, "Sags and Tensions in Overhead Lines"-1931 published by Sir Isaac & Sons Ltd.:"Much herein is old but not necessarily obsolete. Much also is new but not necessaririly superfluous. I have triedto give only what is useful." row 250

"The method of exposition adopted is largely that of practical example, and that is so because my experience

leads me to think that that method will be of most help to those for whom the book is written."

"Amid so much arithmetical work, it is possible that errors occur. Will the reader detecting any error not

attributable to <Slide rule operation> send particulars to, and receive thanks of the author."

Mr. Watson wrote further (on page 133 under acknowledgments) the following:

"That reminds me to say that at one time I wondered why technical writers so often refer to proof-reading

by others. I wonder no longer, for I have learnt that by the time such a writer has reached the end of his book, row 260

he wishes to see it no more. At least that is so in my case."

I have bad mechanical health problems- low back pain since 1967, constantly hurting knees since 1990, cervical spondolysis since 1975,

Training but then it proved to be a minor nervous over-excitation. In 2007, after retirement this eye problem got aggravated. I still thought

the cause is of nervous nature. But a visit to an eye specialist confirmed it was physical and Now they are called floaters. These

sometimes make it very uncomfortable watching the Computer Screen or reading a book. Sometimes I cannot sit for long due to cervical

spondolysis. I even recall when I had burning on head around 1956-in first year engineering. Then I had a strange symptom. I felt as if my

thinking process was happening a cm above my head. Latter I was left with the burning problem only and my thinking process was

returned to its proper place. Latest addition to the inventory is BPH (benign Prostate Hyperplasia) But despite all these problems I have row 270

been doing my job for almost half a century. I pray and hope to sustain for completing my current project.

done that was personal and confidential tender estimates. www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=70084251&rf=ts

www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=1436963722

http://www.chaosmanorreviews.com/

causing perpetual pain in arms, Muscae voulitenties( now called floaters ) in my eyes since 1945, aggravated in 1971 in my Russian


http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=1436963722

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As the luck would have it, I suffered pnemonia in August 2011 and preliminary Investigations indicated subtle changes in lungs, which is

doctor's polite way of saying CANCER. So I had a CT Scan that almost cleared me of the doctor's "allegation". Then I was diagnosed as

having penumonia. Then CPOD (Chronic Pulmonary Obstructive Deseas for several months before getting a real heart attack on Jan. 29,

2012. and my work on the book was suspended. God has been kind to give me health and I hope, do as much as possible before the

final call.He will continue to I Restarted my book at a slower rate in April, 2012. I pray to Almighty Allah to help me be kind and forgiving

and help me complete this book. In computer, they say all projects are 90% complete on schedule. Rest of the 10% remains incomplete

for ever. So please forgive me for that 10%, but I assure you, with the grace of God Almighty, the 90% would actually comprise of several

times the originally intended content, as new things crop up in my mind and I include them in it. row 280

This book is therefore not like usual professional books. I am documenting little modules of my actual work done at my table. I do not

have access to all my work, but whatever work was available is being recreated from my hard copies. I have tried to take inspiration from

the above referred ASCE publication by Craig T. Christy. I must admit, I did not succeed in presentation of the material as neatly as

Christy's work. But I hope my Little book may get a place on every T/L engineer's table.. I am sure it will make its impact. I redesigned

my work sheets to take advantage of the Christy's presentation. I have actually kept things as simple as I could, so that the users'

attention remains on engineering and not on the software issues. As always, there is room for improvement in every human Endeavour.

And I expect my readers to give me a feedback-positive or negative. I will insha-Allah respond

I DO NOT PLAN TO PUBLISH THIS IN BOOK FORM AND CERTAINLY AM NOT GIVING IT A PRICE TAG. I CONSIDER IT row 290

REASON OF REGISTERATION WOULD BE TO BE ABLE TO SEND THEM UPDATE. THIS IS MY WAY OF PAYING BACK WHATTHE PROFESSION GAVE ME.

PRICELESS. I PLAN TO PUT IT ON A WEBSITE. ANYBODY MAY DOWNLOAD IT AFTER REGISTERING THERE. THE SOLE



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Writing a technical book singlehandedly is a treacherous job. Multiple revisions, various symbols from Greek and English(in my case even Russian) making sketches, all by myself had been taxing. At first I used XL drawing tools but soon had to

I probably forgot to tell you that a forward was expected from Engr. Javed Akhtar, former member power WAPDA and latterchairman NEPRA. But I want it to be written after my book is substatially complete, which is taking too much time. So the row 300forward may ultimately be written by my you, the readers.

In the end, I am quoting from the preface of a Homoeopathic Book titled "Leaders in Homoeopathy" by E.B.Nash (Nov. 5, 1898),Leaders here is used in the sense of pointers and not persons, as follows:

"For offering this book to the profession, I have no apology to make, for I claim my right to do so; and if any one finds imperfections in it, remember I lay no claim to perfection. I can offer severe criticismmyself……….I desire in every chapter to write something useful to somebody, and if in any part ofthis work, I should give expression to anything wrong, I here declare once and for all my willingnessto be forgiven. row 310

I do expect from my junior colleagues will let me know if they find anything wrong or may havesuggestions to improve upon it or propose to increase the coverage. And that does not bar my seniorcolleagues, if they like to comment, taking out time from their entrepreneurial activities. My email is

THANK YOU ALL.July 29, 2012

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switch over to AutoCAD, make the work very painstaking. It would be only pure luck that the reader finds everything in order.

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ENGINEERING MAKES THE DIFFERENCE Original Date:SEP 12, 1986 V 2.17 File:02-Preface.xlsxA B C D E F G H I J K L M N

Book # Serial # TOPICS Page Enclosures1 1 The nature of winds 1 2

2 Wind loads 4 6

3 Tower loading 9 3

4 Wind on towers 15 7

5 Conductor galloping 17 1

6 Aeolian vibrations 20 15

7 Tower types 29 5

2 8 Hardware for EHV 32 7

9 Letters to Wahl Re: Guywires 35 -

10 Soil and foundations 39 20

11 Adaptation of foundation to soil 55 14

12 Conductors 68 5

13 Insulators 77 15

3 14 Degree Of accuracy in transmission engineering 86 1

15 Flashover versus withstand 94 6

16 Switching surges 101 3

17 B.I.L. and insulation co-ordination 109 16

18 Grounding 118 1

4 19 Electrical line constants 128 7

20 Design of 330 KV transmission system in Rhodesia - 17

21 UHV – insulation problem - 8

22 Reactive balance, voltage drop, fault calculations 134 9

23 S.I.L. 138 18

24 Electrical line load 145 8

25 Corona 149 19

5 26 Design game and line construction 166 7

27 River crossings 172 21

28 Landau approach for steep spans - 8

29 Summary of so far discussed topics 181 -

Whal's Little Manual-TOC 01


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Whal's Little Manual-TOC 01

PREFACE ENDS


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Certificate fromALLIANCE FRANCAISE

DE LAHORE01

Documents

02 Preface