OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

GRADUATE SCHOOL

NATURE OF

THEORIES

system of ideas that is proposed to explain a given phenomenon. (e.g., theory of gravity)

CHARACTERISTICS OF THEORY: logical in nature. generalizable. bases for hypotheses that can be

tested. increasing the general body of

knowledge within the discipline through the research implemented to validate them.

used by the practitioners to guide and improve their practice.

consistent with other validated theories, laws, and principles but will leave open unanswered questions that need to be investigated.

THEORY [thee-uh-ree, theer-ee] from ancient Greek word

THEORIA meaning looking at, viewing, contemplating, speculating.

Theory of Evolution Charles Darwin

Nightingale’s Environment theory

COMPONENTS OF THEORY

http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/introduction.html

Building blocks of theories.

are basically vehicles of thought that involve images.

are words that describe objects, properties, or events.

CONCEPT [kon-sept] From Greek word

CONCEPTUM meaning something “conceived”

are statements that explain the relationship between the concepts.

a statement in which something is affirmed or denied, so that it can therefore be significantly characterized as either true or false.

PROPOSITION [prop-uh-zish-uhn] From Greek word

PROPOSICIO -  a setting forth, setting out in words.

Pattern of shared understandings and assumptions about reality and the world.

A set of assumptions, concepts, values, and practices that constitutes a way of viewing reality for the community that shares them, especially in an intellectual discipline.

PARADIGM [par-uh-dahym, -dim] From Greek word

PARADIGMA pattern to show side by side

based on four theoretical concepts of nursing: person, environment, health, and nursing

METAPARADIGM From Greek word META

meaning “with” and PARADIGMA meaning “pattern”.

a representation, generally in miniature, to show the construction or appearance of something.

are representations of the interaction among and between the concepts showing patterns.

MODEL   [mod-l]- Also termed as paradigms.

METAPARADIGM

is an organized and systematic articulation of a set of statements related to questions in the discipline of nursing.

is a set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions or propositions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines and project a purposive, systematic view of phenomena by designing specific inter-relationships among concepts for the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and /or prescribing.

NURSING THEORIES

A. Depending On Function (Polit et al 2001)

• Descriptive-to identify the properties and workings of a discipline• Explanatory-to examine how properties relate and thus affect the discipline• Predictive-to calculate relationships between properties and how they occur• Prescriptive -to identify under which conditions relationships occur

B. Depending on the Generalizability of their principles

• Metatheory: the theory of theory. Identifies specific phenomena through abstract concepts.

• Grand theory: articulate a broad range of the significant relationships among the concepts of a discipline

CLASSIFICATION OF NURSING THEORIES

C. Principles of the discipline can be identified.

• Middle range theory: focus on exploration of concepts such as pain, self-esteem, learning, and hardiness

• Practice theory: explores one particular situation found in nursing. It identifies explicit goals and details how these goals will be achieved.

D. Based on the philosophical underpinnings of the theories

• “Needs “theories: based around helping individuals to fulfil their physical and mental needs.• “Interaction” theories: revolve around the relationships nurses form with patients. • “Outcome “theories: portray the nurse as the changing force, who enables individuals to adapt to or cope

with ill health.• Humanistic theories: developed in response to the psychoanalytic thought that a person’s destiny was

determined early in life.

CLASSIFICATION OF NURSING THEORIES

COMPONENTSOF

NURSINGTHEORIES

Recipient of nursing care. Includes individuals,

families, groups and communities.

CLIENT

HEALTH A state of complete

physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. (WHO, 1948)

A state of being well and using every power the individual possesses to the fullest extent. (Nightingale, 1969)

ILLNESS Is a highly personal

state in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is thought to be diminished.

HEALTH

all the conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding and affecting the development of an organism or person.

INTERNAL FACTORS

Biologic dimension

Psychologic dimension

Cognitive dimension

EXTERNAL FACTORS

Standards of living

Environment Family and

cultural beliefs Social support

network

ENVIRONMENT

The attributes, characteristics, and actions of the nurse providing care in behalf of, or in conjunction with, the client.

NURSING

NURSING EDUCATION

N U R S I N GP R A C T I C E

N U R S I N GR E S E A R C H

Is used primarily to establish the profession’s place in universities.

To transmit the body of nursingknowledge to those who will practice, teach,lead, and do research in nursing.

Facilitates reflection, questioning and thinking on what nurses do.

Continuous research in nursing opens new theoretical perspectives that provides an essential service by identifying gaps in the way we approach specific fields of study.

PURPOSES OF NURSING THEORIES

REFERENCES:

Kozier B, Erb, G. (2004) Fundamentals of Nursing (7th edition)

www.prenhall.com/kozier

www.rsu.edu/faculty/LAndrews/Nursing Theory, Fall 2002.ppt

http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/introduction.html

://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/frameworks-in-nursing-theory-and-practical-89990.html#ixzz0rT7oDYoF

THANK YOU!

Jonilynn Ann G. Jingco, RN