POSTGRADUATE INSTIT\[TE_OF MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBO

MD (ANAESTHESIOLOGY) PART IB (BASIC SCIENCES) EXAMINATION

MARCH 2009 Date: 16th March 2009 Time: 1.00 p.m.- 4.00 p.m. Answer each part in a separate book, marked A, Band C. Answer two questions from each part. The maximum possible marks which can be awarded for each essay is the same.

PART A - PHARMACOLOGY (BOOK 'A')

1. (a) Give a brief account of an eutectic mixture.

(b) Describe how the physicochemical properties of local anaesthetics influence their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

2. Describe the modes of action of diuretics. 3. Write Short notes on

(a) Phase I metabolism (b) GABAA receptors (c) Tachyphylaxis

PART B - PHYSIOLOGY (BOOK 'B') 1. Describe the factors controlling arteriolar smooth muscle tone.

2. (a) What is a buffer ? (b) Explain the importance of the bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer. (c) Describe how the kidney handles excess Hydrogen ions.

3. Describe the physiological responses to normovolaemic anaemia.

PART C - PHYSICS, CLINICAL MEASUREMENTS & CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (BOOK C)

1. Describe the methods available to humidify inspired gases of an intubated patient.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method ?

2.

(a) Describe qualitative (categorical) and quantitative (numerical) data giving examples.

(b) Discuss the measures of variation.

3. Write short notes on

(a) Microshock and its sources (b) Oxygen concentrator (c) Pneumotachograph