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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition- 020591179X TOPIC QUESTION TYPE FACTUAL/DEFINITIONAL CONCEPTUAL/APPLIED Topic: Biology and Behavior Multiple Choice 2-1, 2-3, 2-4, 2-6, 2- 7, 2-8 2-2, 2-5, 2-9 Essay 2-183 Topic: The Nervous System Multiple Choice 2-10, 2-11, 2-12, 2- 13, 2-14, 2-15, 2-16, 2-18, 2-19, 2-22, 2- 23, 2-26, 2-27, 2-28, 2-31, 2-34, 2-35, 2- 36, 2-39 2-17, 2-20, 2-21, 2- 24, 2-25, 2-29, 2-30, 2-32, 2-33, 2-37, 2- 38, 2-40 Essay 2-184, 2-185 Topic: The Endocrine System Multiple Choice 2-41, 2-42, 2-43, 2- 44, 2-45, 2-46, 2-47, 2-48, 2-49, 2-50, 2- 51, 2-52, 2-53, 2-54, 2-57, 2-61 2-55, 2-56, 2-58, 2- 59, 2-60 Essay 2-186 Topic: Neurons: Basic Cells of the Nervous System Multiple Choice 2-62, 2-63, 2-64, 2- 65, 2-66, 2-67, 2-71, 2-72, 2-73, 2-74, 2- 75, 2-76, 2-77, 2-78, 2-79, 2-80, 2-83, 2- 84, 2-85, 2-88, 2-89, 2-90, 2-91, 2-92, 2- 93, 2-95, 2-96, 2-98, 2-100, 2-103, 2-105, 2-106, 2-107, 2-108, 2-109 2-68, 2-69, 2-70, 2- 81, 2-82, 2-86, 2-87, 2-94, 2-97, 2-99, 2- 101, 2-102, 2-104, 2- 110 Essay 2-187, 2-188, 2-189, 2-190 ScholarStock 1

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Page 1: TOPICaplustestbank.eu/sample/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition...  · Web viewtopic question type factual/definitional conceptual/applied topic

Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179XTOPIC QUESTION TYPE FACTUAL/DEFINITIONAL CONCEPTUAL/APPLIEDTopic: Biology and Behavior

Multiple Choice 2-1, 2-3, 2-4, 2-6, 2-7, 2-8 2-2, 2-5, 2-9

Essay 2-183

Topic: The Nervous System

Multiple Choice 2-10, 2-11, 2-12, 2-13, 2-14, 2-15, 2-16, 2-18, 2-19, 2-22, 2-23, 2-26, 2-27, 2-28, 2-31, 2-34, 2-35, 2-36, 2-39

2-17, 2-20, 2-21, 2-24, 2-25, 2-29, 2-30, 2-32, 2-33, 2-37, 2-38, 2-40

Essay 2-184, 2-185

Topic: The Endocrine System

Multiple Choice 2-41, 2-42, 2-43, 2-44, 2-45, 2-46, 2-47, 2-48, 2-49, 2-50, 2-51, 2-52, 2-53, 2-54, 2-57, 2-61

2-55, 2-56, 2-58, 2-59, 2-60

Essay 2-186

Topic: Neurons: Basic Cells of the Nervous System

Multiple Choice 2-62, 2-63, 2-64, 2-65, 2-66, 2-67, 2-71, 2-72, 2-73, 2-74, 2-75, 2-76, 2-77, 2-78, 2-79, 2-80, 2-83, 2-84, 2-85, 2-88, 2-89, 2-90, 2-91, 2-92, 2-93, 2-95, 2-96, 2-98, 2-100, 2-103, 2-105, 2-106, 2-107, 2-108, 2-109

2-68, 2-69, 2-70, 2-81, 2-82, 2-86, 2-87, 2-94, 2-97, 2-99, 2-101, 2-102, 2-104, 2-110

Essay 2-187, 2-188, 2-189, 2-190

Topic: The Brain: A Closer Look

Multiple Choice 2-111, 2-112, 2-113, 2-115, 2-117, 2-118, 2-121, 2-122, 2-124, 2-126, 2-129, 2-130, 2-133, 2-134, 2-137, 2-138, 2-139, 2-141, 2-142, 2-146, 2-149, 2-150, 2-154, 2-155, 2-157, 2-161, 2-166, 2-167, 2-168, 2-169, 2-170, 2-172, 2-173, 2-180, 2-181

2-114, 2-116, 2-119, 2-120, 2-123, 2-125, 2-127, 2-128, 2-131, 2-132, 2-135, 2-136, 2-140, 2-143, 2-144, 2-145, 2-147, 2-148, 2-151, 2-152, 2-153, 2-156, 2-158, 2-159, 2-160, 2-162, 2-163, 2-164, 2-165, 2-171, 2-174, 2-175, 2-176, 2-177, 2-178, 2-179, 2-182

Essay 2-191, 2-192, 2-193, 2-194

ScholarStock1

Chapter 2Behavioral Neuroscience

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179XChapter 2

Behavioral NeuroscienceMULTIPLE CHOICE 2-1. Why is it important to learn about biology?

a) to understand many areas of psychology b) to realize how unconscious forces control our minds

c) to identify medical problems that might have psychological consequences d) to understand differences between behaviors influenced by biological conditions and those influenced by

psychological conditions ANS: a, p. 41, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-2. Which perspective would be most helpful in understanding why human beings have learned better ways to build shelters that stand up to severe weather?

a) psychodynamic b) humanistic c) historical d) evolutionary

ANS: d, p. 42, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-3. Which of these has been called “the single most important and far-reaching scientific theory that has ever been formulated”?

a) evolutionb) function of bloodc) discovery of RNA d) how neurotransmitters work

ANS: a, p. 42, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-4. What did Charles Darwin view as the fundamental principle that drives evolution?a) parsimony b) homeostasis c) social facilitation d) natural selection

ANS: d, p. 42, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-5. When researchers focus on the role a particular physical structure or behavior plays in helping an organism adapt to its environment over time, they are taking a(n) ________ perspective.

a) evolutionaryb) natural selectivity c) psychological d) Darwinian

ANS: a, p. 42, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-6. What term describes a range of disciplines involved in the study of the nervous system? a) neuropsychologyb) eclectic physiologyc) behavioral neuroscienced) multi-discplinary biology

ScholarStock2

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179XANS: c, p. 42, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-7. The area of psychology that is interested in looking for the adaptive benefits of selected human behaviors is known as ________ psychology.

a) ethological b) anthropological c) evolutionary d) archaeological

ANS: c, p. 42, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-8. Which of the following is NOT true about evolution?a) Evolution works to improve reproductive success.b) Evolution is a very well-established theory that continues to accumulate supportive data.c) There is no conscious plan or purpose to evolution.d) Evolution works to improve a species.

ANS: d, p. 42, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-9. Which example is explained best by the principle of natural selection? a) Cows have tails. b) Penguins can’t fly.c) Eagles have strong talons.d) Zebras are smaller than horses.

ANS: c, p. 42, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-10. What is a stimulus? a) a brain response b) a reflex reaction c) a feature in the environment that provokes a response d) a response to an environmental feature

ANS: c, p. 43, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-11. What do we call cells that detect stimuli? a) neurons b) receptors c) effectors d) sensory tractsANS: b, p. 43, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-12. What is the correct order of the interrelated activities below? a) responding, processing, sensing b) processing, sensing, responding c) sensing, responding, processing d) sensing, processing, responding

ANS: d, p. 43, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-13. Where does the processing (making sense) of most stimuli typically occur? a) the brain

b) the spinal cord c) receptor cells

ScholarStock3

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179X d) nerve pathways between receptors and the brain ANS: a, p. 43, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-14. The activities of sensing, processing, and responding are controlled by the a) brain. b) spinal cord. c) endocrine system. d) autonomic nervous system.

ANS: a, p. 43, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-15. What are the two major components of the nervous system?a) autonomic and centralb) central and peripheral c) autonomic and peripherald) parasympathetic and sympathetic

ANS: b, p. 43, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-16. The brain and spinal cord are the two components of the ________ nervous system.a) central b) somatic c) peripheral d) autonomic

ANS: a, p. 43, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-17. Dan is about to put his left hand in the tub to determine if the water is too hot for bathing his son. Which part of his nervous system will receive input concerning the water temperature?

a) efferent nervesb) the left hemisphere of the brainc) the right hemisphere of the braind) the autonomic nervous system

ANS: c, p. 43, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-18. Which component of the nervous system makes contact with the environment? a) somatic b) autonomic c) sympathetic d) parasympathetic ANS: a, p. 43, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-19. What are the two major components of the peripheral nervous system?a) autonomic and somaticb) autonomic and sympatheticc) parasympathetic and somaticd) parasympathetic and sympathetic

ANS: a, pp. 43-44, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-20. While walking down the street you step on something, which turns out to be a wallet. What sequence of components of the nervous system was involved as you realized that you stepped on something and then picked it up?

a) brain, afferent nerves, efferent nerves

ScholarStock4

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179Xb) afferent nerves, brain, efferent nervesc) efferent nerves, spinal cord, afferent nervesd) spinal cord, efferent nerves, afferent nerves

ANS: b, p. 43, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-21. Which part of your nervous system controls the act of writing the answer to this question on an answer sheet? a) somatic b) autonomic c) sympathetic d) parasympathetic

ANS: a, p. 43, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-22. “A voluntary system” is a description of the ________ nervous system; “an involuntary system” is a description of the _________ nervous system.

a) autonomic; somaticb) somatic; autonomic c) parasympathetic; sympathetic d) sympathetic; parasympathetic

ANS: b, pp. 43-44, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-23. Which part of the nervous system carries messages to your brain while you are reaching for a book in the school library?

a) somatic b) autonomic c) sympathetic d) parasympathetic

ANS: a, p. 43, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-24. The clouds are finally gone, and the sun is shining brightly, so you decide to “catch a few rays.” Unfortunately, you spend too much time in the sun and have a severe sunburn. Which neurons send messages from your burned skin to your brain to inform you of the pain from the burn?

a) motor neurons b) sensory neurons c) synaptic neurons d) association neurons

ANS: b, p. 43, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-25. You make a wrong turn off the highway and find yourself in an unfamiliar town. You spot a group of men breaking windows with baseball bats. They see you and begin running toward you. Which part of your nervous system will be activated at this point?

a) sympathetic component of the central nervous system b) sympathetic component of the autonomic nervous systemc) parasympathetic component of the somatic nervous systemd) parasympathetic component of the autonomic nervous system

ANS: b, p. 44, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-26. Which component of the nervous system mobilizes the body in times of stress?a) central b) somatic

ScholarStock5

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179Xc) sympathetic d) parasympathetic

ANS: c, p. 44, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-27. It is lunchtime and you anticipate a feast. Which component of the nervous system will control digestion of this feast?a) central b) somatic c) autonomic d) peripheral

ANS: c, p. 44, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-28. Which physiological response results from activation of the sympathetic nervous system?a) slowed breathing b) constricted pupils c) stimulated digestion d) increased heart rate

ANS: d, p. 44, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-29. There is a big exam tomorrow, so you are trying to get in some last-minute preparation. Suddenly, you hear a noise from the first floor. Your body reacts instantly, and you wonder if a burglar has entered the house. Which part of your nervous system is responsible for the physiological changes that have occurred?

a) sympathetic b) central c) somatic d) parasympathetic

ANS: a, p. 44, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-30. While you were driving down a busy street, a child ran in front of your car. You slammed on the brakes and managed to avoid hitting him. Now your heart is racing, you are perspiring, and your stomach is doing “flip-flops.” Which component of the nervous system controls these reactions?

a) central b) somatic c) sympathetic d) parasympathetic

ANS: c, p. 44, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-31. Which component of the nervous system calms the body after the fight-or-flight response?a) central b) somatic c) sympathetic d) parasympathetic

ANS: d, p. 46, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-32. You are studying alone in your room late at night when you hear a loud noise downstairs. Your heart beat has increased significantly and your breathing is deeper. You wonder if a burglar has entered the house so you decide to investigate. When you cautiously walk downstairs you discover your cat has knocked over a plant stand. Your body begins to relax and return to normal. Which part of your nervous system is responsible for returning you to a normal state?

a) spinal cord b) somatic

ScholarStock6

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179Xc) sympathetic d) parasympathetic

ANS: d, p. 46, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-33. Which activity involves activation of the parasympathetic system?a) picking up a ball b) studying for a final examc) resting after a stressful drive homed) getting “psyched up” to play an important tennis match

ANS: c, p. 46, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-34. Homeostasis refers to a) a balanced state of functioning.b) a subdivision of the central nervous system.c) the central purpose of the autonomic system.d) the body’s ability to remain active for long periods of time.

ANS: a, p. 46, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-35. What is the function of interneurons in the spinal cord?a) to coordinate muscular movementsb) to provide support and nourishment for nerve cellsc) to send information to a motor nerve or up the spinal cordd) to control the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

ANS: c, p. 46, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-36. A physiological psychologist examines a cross section of the spinal cord. What is he likely to see? a) a large collection of interneurons that travel directly to the brainb) an H-shaped center portion consisting of gray matter surrounded by white matterc) an X-shaped center portion consisting of white matter surrounded by gray matterd) a large collection of interneurons that travel directly to the senses and motor areas

ANS: b, pp. 46-47, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-37. Why are many reflexes such as the knee-jerk such fast responses?a) They involve the neurotransmitter GABA rather than dopamine.b) The message involved does not have to go all the way to the brain.c) The speed of processing is faster in the frontal lobes than the occipital lobes.d) The path they follow to the brain is direct and does not involve any neurotransmitters.

ANS: b, p. 46, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-38. Jerking your hand away after touching a very hot pan results from the activity of thea) brain. b) thalamus. c) spinal cord. d) hypothalamus.

ANS: c, p. 46, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-39. What is the approximate speed of the reaction to a painful stimulus?a) one second b) 0.5 second

ScholarStock7

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179Xc) 10 milliseconds d) 0.8 milliseconds

ANS: d, p. 46, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-40. Sally stepped on a nail while she was demolishing an old shed. Imagine that we are able to trace all of the nervous system activity that occurs when she stepped on the nail. What would this image of the nervous system reveal?

a) The pain message reaches the brain and the spinal cord at the same time. b) The pain message results in a spinal reflex and it is also sent to the brain for further processing.c) The pain message is sent to the brain where it is processed by higher brain centers that eventuallysend a message to pull her foot back.d) The pain message speeds its way to the spinal cord where it is processed before it is sent to the cerebellum for additional processing.

ANS: b, p. 46, C/A, Difficulty=3

2-41. Besides the nervous system, what system also plays a major role in shaping and controlling behavior and mental processes?

a) gustatory b) endocrine c) vestibular d) circulatory

ANS: b, p. 47, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-42. The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete chemicals calleda) hormones. b) pheromones. c) neuromodulators. d) neurotransmitters.

ANS: a, p. 47, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-43. Which pathway is important in determining the amount of melatonin released by the body?a) retina to hypothalamus to pineal glandb) hypothalamus to pituitary to thyroid glandc) skin receptors to pituitary to hypothalamusd) glucose receptors to hypothalamus to pancreas

ANS: a, p. 48, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-44. Proper levels of insulin enable cells of the body toa) use blood sugar.b) activate gonads.c) send neurotransmitter messages.d) adapt to different neuronal environments.

ANS: a, p. 48, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-45. Low levels of glucose in the blood are likely to lead to which symptoms?a) anxiety and perspiration b) depression and insomnia c) delusions and hallucinationsd) muscle cramps and narcolepsy

ANS: a, p. 48, F/D, Difficulty=2

ScholarStock8

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2-46. Which gland is responsible for insulin production? a) adrenal b) thyroid c) thymus d) pancreas

ANS: d, p. 48, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-47. As night approaches, what occurs in the pineal gland?a) It reduces insulin levels.b) It stops producing thyroxine.c) It increases melatonin levels.d) It increases levels of androgens.

ANS: c, p, 48, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-48. Which of the following correctly pairs an endocrine gland with a hormone it secretes?a) pineal - thyroxineb) pancreas - insulinc) thyroid - androgensd) adrenal - somatotropin

ANS: b, pp. 48-49, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-49. Which of these is both an endocrine gland and the center for a variety of behaviors related to survival?a) pancreas b) adrenals c) thyroid d) hypothalamus

ANS: d, p. 49, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-50. Which of the following correctly pairs an endocrine gland with a hormone it secretes?a) pituitary - epinephrineb) thyroid - glucocorticoid c) pancreas - thyroxined) adrenal - norepinephrine

ANS: d, pp. 48-49, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-51. Which endocrine gland controls several other glands?a) thyroid b) adrenal c) thymus d) pituitary

ANS: d, p. 49, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-52. Which hormone is released to produce the growth spurt that occurs during puberty?a) oxytocin b) prolactin c) vasopressin d) somatotropin

ANS: d, p. 49, F/D, Difficulty=1

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2-53. Which of these is a hormone that has been linked to learning and memory?a) ACTH b) insulin c) iodine d) somatotropin

ANS: a, p. 49, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-54. Which endocrine gland controls growth and metabolic rate?a) adrenal b) thyroid c) pancreas d) pituitary

ANS: b, p. 49, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-55. Eight-year-old John is already six feet tall. Medical specialists are trying to determine the reason for his unusual height for his age. The team believes the height is the result of overactivity of an endocrine gland. Which gland will be the focus of their examination?

a) thyroid b) adrenal c) pancreas d) thymus

ANS: a, p. 49, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-56. Tim’s parents have taken him to an endocrinologist to determine if a malfunction of one of his endocrine glands is responsible for his protruding eyes, irritability, and wild stare. Which endocrine gland will be the focus of diagnostic testing?

a) adrenal b) thymus c) thyroid d) pancreas

ANS: c, p. 49, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-57. The ovaries produce ________; the testes produce ________. a) estrogens; androgens b) prolactin; vasopressin c) vasopressin; prolactin d) testosterone; estrogens

ANS: a, p. 49, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-58. Rick notices that his voice has been getting deeper and hair is growing on his chest. Which endocrine gland produces hormones that are responsible for these changes?

a) gonads b) adrenal c) pancreas d) pituitary

ANS: a, p. 49, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-59. Among Al’s symptoms are insomnia, protruding eyes, nervousness, and irritability. His physician suspects an endocrine problem and focuses attention on which disease?

ScholarStock10

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179Xa) diabetes b) Graves’ disease c) multiple sclerosis d) Alzheimer’s disease

ANS: b, p. 49, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-60. You are driving down the highway when suddenly an 18-wheeler crosses the double yellow line and narrowly misses you. You came within inches of being killed, so understandably you are under a great deal of stress. Which gland is releasing hormones to power your reactions this to situation?

a) pineal b) thyroid c) thymus d) adrenal

ANS: d, p. 49, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-61. Which gland secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine to help power the sympathetic nervous system? a) adrenal b) pineal c) pancreas d) thyroid

ANS: a, p. 49, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-62. What term is used for the basic cells of the nervous system?a) neurons b) glial cells c) myelin sheaths d) dendritic spines

ANS: a, p. 51, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-63. Which part of a cell is involved in metabolic regulation? a) axon b) soma c) dendrite d) cell membrane

ANS: b, p. 52, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-64. Which part of a neuron transmits signals to other neurons and to muscles and glands?a) soma b) axon c) dendrite d) cell membrane

ANS: b, p. 52, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-65. What are the short, branchlike structures of a neuron that receive signals from receptors or other neurons?a) axons b) somas c) dendrites d) cell membranes

ANS: c, p. 52, F/D, Difficulty=2

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2-66. Your teacher asks you to describe the sequence of parts of a neuron that the impulse travels during neural conduction. Which of the following sequences will you offer?

a) dendrites, axon, soma, terminal buttonsb) terminal buttons, axon, soma, dendritesc) axon, soma, dendrites, terminal buttonsd) dendrites, soma, axon, terminal buttons

ANS: d, p. 52-53, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-67. What are two of the roles of glial cells?a) occupying vacant space and removing waste b) moving new neurons into place and shaping cells c) regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain detectorsd) monitoring neural transmission and releasing hormones in the brain

ANS: a, p. 53, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-68. The year is 2020 and researchers have developed a technique for accurately counting different types of cells found in the nervous system. You put a section of nerve tissue through the device. Which of the following will it report as an analysis of your sample of tissue?

a) Neurons outnumber glial cells.b) Glial cells outnumber neurons.c) There are an equal number of neurons and glial cells.d) Glial cells and neurons cannot be distinguished and therefore cannot be counted.

ANS: b, p. 53, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-69. To help her students understand the various parts of a neuron, an instructor compares a neuron to an electrical cord. Using this analogy, how would the instructor describe the myelin sheath?

a) the insulating cover b) the internal copper wirec) the receptacle end of the cordd) the plug that goes in a wall socket

ANS: a, p. 53, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-70. A super-powerful microscope is being used to look at the cells of the nervous system. When the professor projects the image so the class can see, she asks the students to pay special attention to the size and number of glial cells and neurons. What are the students likely to observe?

a) Neurons are larger but there are far more glial cells.b) Although neurons are smaller, there are more of them than glial cells.c) The two types of cells are similar in number, but neurons are smaller.d) There are far more neurons because they are so small that they fit into small spaces.

ANS: a, p. 53, C/ A, Difficulty=2

2-71. What are the regularly spaced gaps along the myelin sheath?a) myelin reliefs b) axonal bridges c) nodes of Ranvier d) intercellular spaces

ANS: c, p. 53, F/D, Difficulty=1

ScholarStock12

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179X2-72. What are the nodes of Ranvier?

a) special neurons capable of carrying messages both waysb) extensions of the dendrites that are especially sensitive to stimulic) a compartment at the end of neurons where neurotransmitters are stored for future used) interruptions in the myelin sheath where neural conduction tends to jump ahead quickly

ANS: d, p. 53, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-73. The view of glial cells as merely “supporting players” has begun to change; as a result neuroscientists now believe that glial cells may play a role in

a) learning and memory.b) development and growth.c) sensation and perception.d) hunger and thirst regulation.

ANS: a, p. 53, F/ D, Difficulty=2

2-74. What term describes the space between two neurons? a) sheath b) synapse c) neural axon d) neural gap

ANS: b, p. 54, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-75. What is the actual space between a presynaptic membrane and postsynaptic membrane? a) neural sheath b) neural gap c) neural divide d) synapse

ANS: d, p. 54, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-76. What chemicals stored in terminal buttons allow transmission of nerve impulses between neurons?a) enzymes b) hormones c) peptides d) neurotransmitters

ANS: d, p. 55, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-77. Where are neurotransmitters stored?a) neural gaps b) nodes of Ranvier c) myelin sheaths d) terminal buttons

ANS: d, p. 55, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-78. Some neurotransmitters make it more likely that a neuron will send its message to other neurons, a process known as ________; whereas some make it less likely that a neuron will send its message, a process known as ________. a) excitation; inhibition

b) inhibition; excitationc) augmentation, depletiond) depletion, augmentation

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179XANS: a, p. 55, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-79. Reduced levels of which neurotransmitter lead to Parkinson’s disease? a) GABA b) dopamine c) serotonin d) acetylcholine

ANS: b, pp. 55-56, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-80. Which neurotransmitter plays a role in motor movement and is also involved in brain pathways for reward and punishment?

a) acetylcholine b) dopamine c) serotonin d) norepinephrine

ANS: b, p. 56, F/ D, Difficulty=1

2-81. Parkinson’s disease results from a reduction in dopamine in the brain; therefore, it would seem that the likely treatment would be to administer dopamine. Why doesn’t this treatment work?

a) The blood-brain barrier prevents dopamine from entering the brain.b) The digestive tract destroys dopamine before it can get to the brain.c) There are no known sources of dopamine for use in such a proposed treatment.d) The surgical intervention that must be done is more dangerous than the disease.

ANS: a, p. 56, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-82. Your neighbor tells you that his physician has prescribed L-dopa. Based on this information you conclude that your neighbor is suffering from

a) Tay-Sachs disease. b) multiple sclerosis. c) Alzheimer’s disease. d) Parkinson’s disease.

ANS: d, p. 56, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-83. Your professor’s lecture today makes the point that biological factors play some role in addictions to drugs such as amphetamines, cocaine, and morphine. If she focuses on neurotransmitters, which one will receive special treatment in her lecture?

a) GABA b) serotonin c) dopamine d) glutamate

ANS: c, p. 56, F/ D, Difficulty=2

2-84. Which neurotransmitter has been implicated in the development of Alzheimer’s disease?a) GABA b) serotonin c) dopamine d) acetylcholine

ANS: d, p. 56, F/D, Difficulty=1

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179X2-85. Which neurotransmitter is involved in mood, weight regulation, and sleep induction?

a) GABA b) serotonin c) dopamine d) norepinephrine

ANS: b, p. 56, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-86. Sara has been experiencing a serious memory problem. An interdisciplinary team has ruled out a range of causes and believes that a neurotransmitter is involved. Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved?

a) GABA b) dopamine c) serotonin d) acetylcholine

ANS: d, p. 56, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-87. Andy has decided to seek medical help for a serious sleep difficulty, mood disturbance, and appetite problems. Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in the problems Andy is experiencing?

a) GABA b) dopamine c) serotonin d) norepinephrine

ANS: c, p. 56, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-88. An autopsy of a patient who died of Alzheimer’s disease is most likely to reveal which of the following?a) plaques in the brain and tangles inside neuronsb) loss of most of the frontal lobes and scars on the myelin sheathc) enlarged ventricular spaces and reduction in the size of the cerebellumd) loss of most of the glial cells and clumps of neurons packed tightly together

ANS: a, p. 56, F/ D, Difficulty=2

2-89. The newspaper reported the case of a hospital employee who killed several patients by giving them injections of a chemical that takes the place of acetylcholine. Based on your knowledge of neuroscience, you recognize that the substance is most likely to be

a) curare. b) GABA. c) Zoloft. d) black widow spider venom.

ANS: a, p. 57, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-90. Which neurotransmitter may cause neurons to become overexcited, and thus may cause damage if its level is excessive?

a) dopamine b) serotonin c) norepinephrine d) glutamate

ANS: d, p. 57, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-91. How is acetylcholine removed from the synapse? a) It is broken down by an enzyme.

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179Xb) It is taken back up in the synapse.c) It dissipates in the surrounding body fluids.

d) Acetylcholine is one of the few neurotransmitters that are continually present in the synaptic cleft. ANS: a, p. 57, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-92. What is the process by which neurotransmitters reenter terminal buttons and are repackaged for future use?a) recycling b) reuptake c) absorption d) assimilation

ANS: b, p. 58, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-93. Which neurotransmitter is found in the brain, spinal cord, and synapses of the parasympathetic nervous system?a) serotonin b) dopamine c) norepinephrine d) acetylcholine

ANS: d, p. 58, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-94. The drug physostigmine improves the performance of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Therefore physostigmine would be classified as a(n)

a) agonist. b) antagonist. c) neuromodulator. d) opioid peptide.

ANS: a, pp. 58-59, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-95. What term is used for drugs that enhance the operation of neurotransmitters?a) agonists b) antagonists c) neuromodulators d) opioid peptides

ANS: a, p. 58, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-96. Drugs that block the operation of a neurotransmitter are calleda) agonists. b) antagonists. c) opioid peptides. d) neuromodulators.

ANS: b, p. 59, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-97. Haloperidol (Haldol) is effective in treating some psychological disorders by blocking the action of dopamine. Thus, we can describe haloperidol as a(n)

a) agonist. b) tricyclic. c) antagonist. d) dopaminergic catalyst.

ANS: c, p. 59, C/A, Difficulty=2

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179X2-98. How do neuromodulators affect neural transmission?

a) by inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters b) by blocking the reuptake of neurotransmitters c) by facilitating the release of neurotransmitters d) by either facilitating or inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters

ANS: d, p. 59, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-99. Morphine has widespread effects on the transmission of pain signals across the body, therefore morphine is a(n) a) agonist. b) tricyclic. c) antagonist. d) neuromodulator.

ANS: d, pp. 59-60, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-100. What is the most accurate description of endorphins?a) plant-derived treatment for severe painb) opium-like chemicals found in the bodyc) toxin that can cause a loss of neurons in the braind) treatment for a variety of disturbances in motor movement

ANS: b, p. 60, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-101. Every day you see Ted running as hard as he can. You wonder why he likes to sweat so much and work so hard. When you ask, he tells you he does not feel pain; in fact, he talks about a “runner’s high.” A physiological psychologist might attribute this “runner’s high” to the effects of

a) dopamine. b) serotonin. c) endorphins. d) interphones.

ANS: c, p. 60, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-102. A sophisticated new piece of equipment can analyze levels of all chemicals in the body. If a research participant just showed an increase in the level of endorphins, what are you likely to conclude happened?

a) He started to dream.b) He is in deep thought.c) He is in a coma-like state.d) He experienced some pain.

ANS: d, p. 60, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-103. What do we call the electrical charge of a neuron when it is not firing?a) action potential b) resting potential c) myelin signal d) transmission impulse

ANS: b, p. 60, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-104. Which of these is the most accurate description of what occurs when a neural impulse moves down the length of a neuron?

a) exchange of ionsb) increase in pressure

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179Xc) sudden release of endorphinsd) sudden decrease in hormone levels

ANS: a, p. 60, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-105. What is the change in the charge of a neuron called?a) resting potential b) action potential c) myelination signal d) transmission impulse

ANS: b, p. 60, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-106. Compared to axons without myelin sheaths, what is the speed of action potentials through myelinated axons? a) faster because ion exchange occurs along the entire axonb) slower because ion exchange occurs along the entire axon c) faster because ion exchange occurs only at the nodes of Ranvier

d) slower because ion exchange occurs only at the nodes of Ranvier ANS: c, p. 61, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-107. What is the time during which a neuron cannot fire again? a) recovery period b) replacement period c) refractory period d) terminal period

ANS: c, p. 61, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-108. Imagine that you have been badly injured in an accident. Compared to the experience of a paper cut, how do your neurons fire in order to send the more intense pain message?

a) The neurons fire more strongly.b) The neurons fire at a higher rate.c) The neurons fire less strongly, but in sequence.d) The neurons fire at a lower rate, but in sequence.

ANS: b, pp. 60-61, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-109. What is the approximate top speed for a long, myelinated axon to transmit an action potential in the human body?a) 2.24 miles per hour b) 50 miles per hour c) 224 miles per hour d) 500 miles per hour

ANS: c, p. 61, F/D, Difficulty=2 2-110. You are examining a neuron under a microscope and find that it is myelinated. What type of neuron are you likely to be studying, and where is it located?

a) a motor neuron in your legb) a motor neuron in the brain

c) a sensory neuron in the brain d) a sensory neuron in your heart

ANS: a, pp.47; 61, C/A, Difficulty=3

2-111. In the 1800s, a person wanted to be examined by a phrenologist. What would happen?

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179Xa) levels of brain chemicals would be assessedb) bumps and indentations on the head would be assessedc) a series of blows would be delivered to the head to release evil spiritsd) a series of electrical shocks would be given to cure a suspected disease

ANS: b, p. 63, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-112. Which research method was used to study the effects of the brain damage experienced by Phineas Gage?a) case study b) biofeedback c) stereotaxic surgery d) computerized brain imagery

ANS: a, p. 64, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-113. What equipment makes it possible to implant a tiny electrode into subcortical brain structures?a) electroencephalographb) stereotaxic instrumentc) positron emission tomographyd) computerized axial tomography

ANS: b, p. 65, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-114. Why is stereotaxic surgery only used as a “last resort”? a) because medical therapies have made stereotaxic surgery virtually unnecessary b) because it has been proven ineffective for treating psychological disorders c) because it is so expensive that few, if any, people can afford itd) because of ethical issues involved in doing surgery that can cause permanent changes in a patient’s abilities or personality

ANS: d, p. 65, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-115. Which equipment is used to monitor brain waves?a) electroencephalograph (EEG)b) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) c) positron emission tomograph (PET) d) computerized axial tomograph (CAT)

ANS: a, p. 65, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-116. While on a field trip to a hospital, you overhear a conversation focused on the results of diagnostic tests. There was frequent use of the words alpha, theta, and beta. You conclude that the topic of the conversation was a(n)

a) angiogram.b) electroencephalogram.c) positron emission tomography scan.d) computerized axial tomography scan.

ANS: b, p. 66, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-117. Which brain waves are slow and occur during deep sleep?a) alpha b) beta c) theta d) delta

ANS: d, p. 66, F/D, Difficulty=1

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2-118. Which technique is used to confirm “brain death”?a) electroencephalography (EEG) b) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanc) positron emission tomography (PET) scan d) computerized axial tomography (CT) scan

ANS: a, p. 66, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-119. You are concentrating on the chapter for the next exam. You read every word and try to predict what your teacher will ask. If you are connected to an EEG, what brain waves will be evident?

a) beta b) alpha c) theta d) delta

ANS: a, p. 66, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-120. A bulletin board notice seeks paid participants for research involving magnetic resonance imaging. You could use the $50 payment for participation; however, the name of the procedure makes you apprehensive. When you call the researcher, how will he describe the procedure you would undergo?

a) “This device measures hormone levels through a needle inserted in your arm.”b) “The procedure will measure brain electrical activity by analyzing magnetic fields.”c) “The device will allow the researcher to apply an electrode that can be used to plot moods during the day.”d) “The procedure will involve taking photographs of your facial expressions and correlating them with brain activity.”

ANS: b, p. 66, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-121. Which brain waves are the fastest?a) beta b) alpha c) delta d) theta

ANS: a, p. 66, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-122. You see a sign soliciting research participants for a study involving a CT scan. When you call the researcher to inquire about the research, she tells you that a CT scan involves

a) multiple X-ray images of the brain. b) recording the brain’s electrical activity. c) monitoring the metabolic activity of the brain. d) directing radio waves at the brain to cause hydrogen atoms to emit signals.

ANS: a, p. 66, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-123. You are in the hospital about to undergo a brain imaging process that involves taking multiple X-rays from different angles. What type of imaging is described?

a) electroencephalography (EEG) b) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanc) positron emission tomography (PET) scan d) computerized axial tomography (CT) scan

ANS: d, pp. 66-67, C/A, Difficulty=2

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179X2-124. Which method of studying the brain provides the clearest pictures of the brain?

a) electroencephalography (EEG)b) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) c) computerized axial tomography (CT)d) positron emission tomography (PET)

ANS: b, p. 67, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-125. You are in the hospital about to undergo a brain imaging process that involves radio waves. What is the procedure you are about to undergo?

a) electroencephalography (EEG)b) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanc) computerized axial tomography (CT) scand) positron emission tomography (PET) scan

ANS: b, p. 67, C/A, Difficulty=3

2-126. How does a PET scan provide information about the functioning of the brain? a) A computer interprets X-rays.b) It makes a record of radio waves directed to the brain.c) It monitors the radioactivity level of different areas of the brain. d) It records electrical activity from electrodes placed on the skull surface.

ANS: c, p. 67, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-127. A hospital patient is injected with a small amount of radioactive glucose. Which type of brain imaging is the patient about to undergo?

a) electroencephalography (EEG)b) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanc) computerized axial tomography (CT) scand) positron emission tomography (PET) scan

ANS: d, p. 67, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-128. A researcher wants to obtain good structural views of the brain as well as information on ongoing changes in brain activity. Which of these would be the best choice for this researcher?

a) electroencephalography (EEG) b) computerized axial tomography (CT) scanc) positron emission tomography (PET) scand) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan

ANS: d, p. 67, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-129. The medulla, pons, and the cerebellum are parts of thea) midbrain. b) forebrain. c) spinal cord. d) hindbrain.

ANS: d, p. 69, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-130. From an evolutionary perspective, where are the oldest structures of the brain?a) midbrain b) hindbrain c) forebrain

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179Xd) corpus callosum

ANS: b, p. 69, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-131. Here is the job description for a part of the brain: controls respiration, heart rate, vomiting, swallowing, yawning, and blood circulation. Which part of the brain is described here?

a) pons b) medulla c) cerebellum d) corpus callosum

ANS: b, p. 69, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-132. An auto accident rendered Jane’s nervous system unable to send messages for her to breathe, so she is on a respirator. Which brain structure was damaged in the accident?

a) medulla b) cerebellum c) hippocampus d) reticular formation

ANS: a, p. 69, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-133. The structure of the hindbrain that connects the two halves and is responsible for sleep and arousal is known as thea) cerebellum. b) corpus callosum. c) pons. d) pineal gland.

ANS: c, p. 69, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-134. An industrial accident resulted in brain damage that left Bob with difficulty in coordinating his motor movements. What is the most likely location of the damage?

a) pons b) medulla c) thalamus d) cerebellum

ANS: d, p. 69, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-135. While driving, Sam was directed by a police officer to pull off the highway. The officer suspected that Sam had been drinking and asked him to walk a straight line. If Sam had been drinking, he would have difficulty with this maneuver as a result of the effects of alcohol on the

a) pons. b) cerebellum. c) hippocampus. d) hypothalamus.

ANS: b, pp. 69-70, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-136. A newborn was deprived of oxygen during birth, so pediatricians are concerned that brain damage may have occurred. They find evidence of damage to the cerebellum. Which of these is most likely to be affected by this damage?

a) problem solving abilityb) ability to eat a balanced dietc) coordination of motor movementsd) short-term memory for personal events

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179XANS: c, pp. 69-70, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-137. What are the components of the brain stem?a) forebrain and midbrain b) hindbrain and midbrain c) forebrain and hindbraind) forebrain, hindbrain, and midbrain

ANS: b, p. 70, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-138. What is the main function of the reticular formation?a) to control thinking b) to regulate emotionsc) to control levels of alertnessd) to coordinate muscular movements

ANS: c, p. 70, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-139. Which brain structure allows you to sleep through the chiming of the grandfather clock in your house?a) cerebellum b) limbic system c) corpus callosum d) reticular formation

ANS: d, p. 70, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-140. Alice is typing her term paper in the computer lab. Although a class is going on just a few feet away, she does not seem to notice. Which part of the brain allows Alice to focus on her typing and ignore the distractions that surround her?

a) hypothalamus b) basal ganglia c) corpus callosum d) reticular formation

ANS: d, p. 70, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-141. What fibers connect the two hemispheres of the brain?a) thalamus b) cerebral cortex c) reticular formation d) corpus callosum

ANS: d, p. 71, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-142. Subcortical structures such as the amygdala are located beneath thea) soma. b) brain stem. c) spinal cord. d) cerebral cortex.

ANS: d, p. 71, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-143. Dion threw his bat into the dirt after he struck out for the third time during a softball game. Which part of the brain is involved in this expression of anger?

a) corpus callosum b) limbic system

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179Xc) parietal lobes d) reticular formation

ANS: b, p. 71, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-144. Al is having difficulty controlling his appetite; he has added more than 100 pounds in three months. After extensive testing at University Hospital, specialists concluded that Al’s problem is the result of a brain tumor. Which part of the brain is the likely location of the tumor?

a) thalamus b) hippocampus c) hypothalamus d) corpus callosum

ANS: c, pp. 71-72, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-145. A young man was referred to a neurosurgeon after his frequent bouts of aggression could not be explained or controlled. Sophisticated diagnostic tests found a tumor. What is the likely location of the tumor?

a) pons b) amygdala c) basal ganglia d) corpus callosum

ANS: b, p. 71, C/A, Difficulty=3

2-146. Which part of the brain is involved in the regulation of body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sexual behavior?a) medulla b) cerebellum c) hypothalamus d) reticular activating system

ANS: c, p. 71-72, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-147. Which of these is a likely effect of damage to the hypothalamus?a) insomniab) disruption of appetite c) development of aphasiad) reduced ability to reason

ANS: b, pp. 71-72, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-148. What do the pons and corpus callosum have in common?a) They are major lobes of the cortex.b) They connect halves of the brain at different levels.c) They both have direct connections to all of the lobes of the brain.d) They are relatively new parts of the brain from an evolutionary point of view.

ANS: b, p. 69-73, C/A, Difficulty=3

2-149. What is the “great relay station” of the brain?a) pons b) thalamus c) hippocampus d) corpus callosum

ANS: b, p. 71, F/D, Difficulty=1

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179X2-150. Which brain structure contains various tracts so that sensory information can be divided and sent to different brain areas for vision, hearing, and other senses?

a) thalamus b) cerebellum c) hypothalamus d) reticular formation

ANS: a, p. 71, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-151. A neuroscientist is going to present a talk on the human brain and how it compares to the brains of other animals. In addition to the size of the cortex, what is she likely to mention as a primary difference between human and animal brains?

a) The human cortex is smooth and not very thick compared to other animals’ cortexes.b) The human cortex is very wrinkled and crumpled in appearance compared to other animals’ cortexes.c) The human cortex is shaped like a seahorse whereas in other animals it is shaped more like a starfish.d) The human cortex is filled with bony structures whereas in other animals it is not.

ANS: b, p. 72, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-152. During a visit to a physiological psychology laboratory, a group of students was able to view a preserved human brain. Most of them had never seen a human brain except in drawings or photographs. The brain reminds each of them of something that could be used as an analogy. Which student offers an analogy that provides the best fit to the human brain’s visual appearance?

a) John says the brain looks like an egg.b) To Elizabeth, the brain looks like a carrot.c) To Mary, the brain looks like a cauliflower.d) Gavin says the brain reminds him of a tomato.

ANS: c, p. 72, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-153. Warren is having trouble deciding what he wants to eat for breakfast. Which lobes of his brain are especially active as he makes his selection?

a) parietal b) frontal c) temporal d) occipital

ANS: b, p. 73, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-154. After an iron rod shot through his brain in an accident, Phineas Gage experienced difficulty in carrying out his plans effectively. Which lobe of the brain was damaged in his accident?

a) frontal b) temporal c) parietal d) occipital

ANS: a, pp. 64, 73, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-155. Which lobe accounts for about half of the volume of each of the hemispheres?a) frontal b) temporal c) occipital d) parietal

ANS: a, p. 73, F/ D, Difficulty=1

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179X2-156. Darla was in an automobile accident that resulted in an injury to her brain. Her sense of touch has been affected. Which part of the brain is the likely site of the damage?

a) frontal lobes b) temporal lobes c) occipital lobes d) parietal lobes

ANS: d, p. 73, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-157. Which body part is represented by the largest area in the sensory cortex?a) toes b) back c) eyes d) fingers

ANS: d, p. 75, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-158. A neurologist examines a patient who cannot see despite any evidence of damage to the eye. The neurologist suspects the patient has brain damage. Which part of the brain would the neurologist hypothesize as the location of the damage?

a) hypothalamus b) parietal lobes c) corpus callosum d) occipital lobes

ANS: d, p. 76, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-159. A stroke left Dan unable to speak. A neurologist suspects that damage occurred in Dan’s a) left frontal lobe.b) left parietal lobe.c) right temporal lobe.d) right occipital lobe.

ANS: a, p. 76, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-160. A series of MRI scans reveal the presence of a tiny tumor on a patient’s occipital lobes. A medical team decides that surgery is not necessary at this point because the tumor is not cancerous; however, they want to keep track of any growth in the tumor. They ask a neuropsychologist to administer periodic tests in order to determine if the tumor has grown. Which test would be most helpful to the medical team?

a) a vision testb) a test of strength in the left and right armsc) a list of orally presented words that must be definedd) a test of memory for events that occurred during childhood

ANS: a, p. 76, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-161. Which pair correctly associates a language problem with the area that is most likely damaged?a) visual agnosia - cerebellumb) nonfluent aphasia - Broca’s areac) fluent aphasia - corpus callosumd) visual aphasia - Wernicke’s area

ANS: b, p. 76, F/ D, Difficulty=2

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179X2-162. Dr. Walk has found evidence of severe damage to a patient’s occipital lobes. When she sends a report to the referring physician, it will most likely contain which of these terms?

a) ALS b) multiple sclerosis c) cortical blindness d) Alzheimer’s disease

ANS: c, p. 76, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-163. You are attending a staff meeting at the hospital where you work. One of the patients was described as exhibiting nonfluent aphasia. Based on your knowledge of the brain, you are quite sure that the damage occurred in which area of the brain?

a) pons b) medulla c) corpus callosum d) Broca’s area

ANS: d, p. 76, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-164. Which of these is the best description of the speech of people who suffer from aphasia due to damage to Broca’s area?

a) fluent sounding but meaningless speechb) halting speech produced with difficultyc) nouns and verbs are transposedd) repeats the same words over and over

ANS: b, p. 76, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-165. Bill was admitted to the hospital last week after he fell. When Bill’s son visited, he found his father could not speak. If Bill’s inability to speak is due to brain damage, what is the likely location of the damage?

a) cerebellum b) limbic system c) left hemisphere d) right hemisphere

ANS: c, p. 76, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-166. An insurance company asked a neurologist to examine a patient who had been the victim of a brutal attack. The patient now has a language deficit resulting from brain damage. Which term will the neurologist use in a report of this examination?

a) alexia b) aphasia c) apraxia d) aprosodia

ANS: b, p. 76, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-167. Mary suffered a head injury in a car accident last week. Since that time, she has experienced difficulty understanding what the doctors have been saying to her. Mary may be exhibiting

a) alexia. b) aphasia. c) apraxia. d) aprosodia.

ANS: b, p. 76, F/D, Difficulty=2

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2-168. For most people, speech production takes place in the ________ hemisphere, whereas speech comprehension takes place in the ________ hemisphere.

a) left temporal; left frontal b) left frontal; left temporalc) right temporal; right frontal d) right frontal; right temporal

ANS: b, p. 76, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-169. A patient who cannot identify objects is suffering from a) visual agnosia. b) visual aphasia. c) sensory aphasia. d) sensory agnosia.

ANS: a, p. 76, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-170. What term would a neuropsychologist use for a deficit in nonverbal skills?a) alexia b) aphasia c) apraxia d) aprosodia

ANS: c, p. 77, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-171. A neurologist and a neuropsychologist believe that a patient probably exhibits prosody. A series of brain scans is ordered. If the two specialists are correct in the diagnosis, they expect to find damage to which area of the brain?

a) cerebellum b) corpus callosum c) left hemisphere d) right hemisphere

ANS: d, p. 77, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-172. Penny suffered brain damage in an auto accident. As a result, she has lost the ability to display/express emotion. She is exhibiting

a) motor aphasia. b) motor aprosodia. c) emotive aphasia. d) emotive aprosodia.

ANS: b, p. 77, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-173. What disorder have neurosurgeons treated by cutting the corpus callosum? a) epilepsy b) schizophrenia c) Alzheimer’s disease d) Parkinson’s disease

ANS: a, p. 77, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-174. Suppose a right-handed split-brain patient is blindfolded and handed a key, which he holds in his left hand. What would he say when asked what he has in his hand?

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179X a) He would say “key.” b) He would deny having anything in his hand. c) He would understand the question but could not say what he had in his hand. d) He would be unable to comprehend the question and thus would not respond.

ANS: c, pp. 77-78, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-175. Which of these seems to be a function of the right hemisphere?a) writing sentencesb) spelling new wordsc) recognizing facesd) remembering names of people you have met

ANS: c, p. 78, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-176. What do neuroscientists mean when they say that the brain is plastic?a) The brain resembles silly putty.b) The brain can change over time.c) Most of the brain is the consistency of plastic. d) Most of the brain consists of structures that are similar to toys.

ANS: b, pp. 79-80, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-177. A neuroscientist is reviewing evidence on the generation of new brain cells in humans. Which of these would be the best title for a report she wants to issue?

a) “Neurogenesis: Still a Myth”b) “Another Myth Bites the Dust”c) “Nature Stops at Birth: Decline in Neuron Count”d) “Growth of New Cells Occurs Only in Lower Animals”

ANS: b, p. 79, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-178. A newspaper reporter was asked to write a story on new and exciting findings in behavioral neuroscience. The editor suggested neurogenesis. Because the reporter is not familiar with the term he asked you. How will you describe this phenomenon?

a) The brain creates its own new neurotransmitters, which accounts for our individuality.b) Contrary to past beliefs, new neurons can be created in the brain long after we are born.c) Scientists have found that some of our memories are capable of being encoded in our genes.d) Toxins in our environment are creating a new type of brain cell that is causing serious problems.

ANS: b, p. 79, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-179. Terry was two years old when a car accident damaged the left temporal lobe of his brain, causing him to no longer understand language. Over time, the right temporal lobe assumed this role, allowing him to relearn language. This is an example of

a) brain reassignment.b) cross-functioning.c) neuroplasticity.d) brain cell regeneration.

ANS: c, p. 79, C/A, Difficulty=2

2-180. The growth of new neurons in the brain is known asa) myelination.b) neurogenesis.

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179Xc) denditrization.d) synaptic pruning.

ANS: b, p. 79, F/D, Difficulty=1

2-181. The belief that the brain cannot regenerate or develop new neuronsa) was proven true recently through the use of PET scans.b) is still up for debate.c) was proven false by the discovery that encoding large amounts of information into memory causes new neurons to grow in the hippocampus.d) was proven false by the discovery that the corpus callosum can regenerate following split brain surgery.

ANS: c, p. 79, F/D, Difficulty=2

2-182. A split-brain patient is asked to stare at a spot on a screen. The word base appears to the left of the spot; the word ball appears to the right of the spot. What will the patient say he saw?

a) I see the word ball. b) I see the word base. c) I see the word baseball. d) I cannot see anything at all.

ANS: a, p. 79, C/A, Difficulty=2

ESSAY

2-183. The nervous system is responsible for sensing, processing, and responding. Describe each of these functions. Describe an event that has happened to you and apply each of those functions to that event. * Sensing is the use of receptors such as eyes and ears to sense stimuli. * Processing occurs when the brain makes sense of sensory input. * Responding involves the brain sending messages to muscles based on the information processed. * The response should include a personal example that identifies the three functions of the nervous system.Critical Thinking Essay Question

2-184. What are the primary functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic components of the peripheral nervous system? Describe a situation or experience in which activation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions has occurred. * The sympathetic division mobilizes the body in times of stress. * The parasympathetic division returns the body to a resting balance (homeostasis). * The response should describe a situation in which activation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions has occurred.

2-185. Describe how the brain and the spinal cord perform similar functions. How are these functions dissimilar? * Both the spinal cord and the brain send and receive sensory input. * The spinal cord produces automatic responses because of a shorter route. * The brain produces responses in which processing of stimuli is necessary. Critical Thinking Essay Question

2-186. How does the endocrine system influence behavior? Give examples of the glands and their hormones. *The endocrine system influences behavior by secreting chemicals that influence such things as learning and memory, growth and metabolic rate, blood glucose levels, sexual characteristics, and stress reactions.* The pineal gland secretes melatonin, which is involved in sleep.

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179X* The pancreas secretes insulin, which the body needs in order to use blood sugar or glucose.* The hypothalamus is both an endocrine gland and a center for a wide variety of behaviors related to survival. It signals the pituitary gland to release hormones.* The thyroid releases thyroxine when activated by the pituitary’s thyroid-stimulating hormone. This hormone regulates growth and metabolic rate.* The gonads (ovaries in women and testes in men) produce sex hormones (androgens in men and estrogens in women).* The adrenal glands secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine, which power the activity of the sympathetic system.

2-187. Describe multiple sclerosis and how damage to the myelin sheath results in the symptoms associated with the disease.* Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease that occurs when the immune system attacks the myelin sheath that covers axons in the CNS. * The disease usually affects young adults in their 30s and is more likely to affect women than men.* Common symptoms – muscle weakness; numbness and tingling in the limbs, trunk, or face; blurry vision; gait and balance problems; affects memory and visual spatial abilities.* The severity of the disease depends on which myelin sheaths are damaged. Damage to myelin sheaths in the brain stem and spinal cord is more serious and can leave a patient wheelchair-bound.

2-188. Choose any two methods that psychologists use to learn about the functions of the brain. Describe the method, how it works, and the type of information we can learn from it. * A case study is an in-depth study of the functioning of one individual who suffers from an impairment. * Stereotaxic surgery involves insertion of a thin electrode to record and stimulate electrical brain activity. * An electroencephalograph records electrical activity of the brain without evasive procedures. * Computerized brain imaging which includes PET, CT, MRI, and fMRI scans, produces differing pictures of the brain.

2-189. What are neurotransmitters? Give examples of several neurotransmitters. Where do they primarily operate? How are they cleared from this area? * Neurotransmitters are chemical substances that facilitate the transmission of information from one neuron to another. * Neurotransmitters operate in the synapse.* They are cleared by either breaking down in the synapse or by reuptake.* Acetylcholine is involved in muscle movement, memory, and Alzheimer’s disease.* Dopamine is involved in movement and reward centers; it is also implicated in Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia.* GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter involved in levels of excitability.* Norepinephrine is involved in sympathetic nervous system activity.* Serotonin is involved in mood, appetite, sleep, and aggression.* Glutamate is the most widely distributed excitatory neurotransmitter; excessive levels may cause neurons to become overexcited and they may die. (See Table 2-1, p. 58).

2-190. What are the three major divisions of the brain? What functions does each division control? * The hindbrain involves survival functions and includes the: (a) medulla, (b) pons, and (c) cerebellum. * The midbrain is composed of pathways to higher brain centers including the reticular formation. * The forebrain is concerned with the communication between the two hemispheres (the corpus callosum connects the hemispheres) and the subcortical structures including the (a) limbic system, (b) thalamus, (c) hypothalamus, and (d) basal ganglia. (See Study Chart: Major Structures of the Brain, p. 73).Critical Thinking Essay Question

2-191. Describe the function of one agonist and one antagonist and how the two types of drugs generally differ. * Physostigmine is an agonist; Haldol and reserpine are antagonists

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Full file at http://AplusTestbank.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-7-E-7th-Edition-020591179X* Agonists and antagonists differ in that agonists enhance the operation of a neurotransmitter and antagonists block the operation of neurotransmitters. * Agonists work in the following ways: (1) increase synthesis of neurotransmitters (for example, by increasing the amount of a precursor); (2) increase amount of neurotransmitter by destroying degrading enzymes; (3) increase amount of neurotransmitter that is released; (4) drug binds to receptors and activates them or increases the effect of the neurotransmitter; and (5) drug blocks deactivation by inhibiting breakdown or reuptake.* Antagonists work in the following ways: (1) blocking synthesis of neurotransmitter (for example, by destroying synthesizing enzymes); (2) causes neurotransmitter to leak from vesicles; (3) blocks release of neurotransmitter from the neuron; and (4) drug may be a false transmitter; it binds to receptors and prevents the neurotransmitter from binding them. (See Figure 2-8, p. 59).

2-192. What have we learned about the two hemispheres of the brain from split-brain patients? * The two hemispheres cannot communicate without the corpus callosum (visual fields). * The left hemisphere is involved in speech and language production and operates in a logical, sequential, and analytical manner.* The right hemisphere is involved in spatial abilities, adding emotional content to speech, facial recognition, and in the selection of objects. The right hemisphere operates in a holistic or all-encompassing manner.

2-193. Why do we learn so much about the brain through unfortunate incidents such as war, strokes, and brain damage? Give two examples of information that we have learned in such manners. * Unfortunate incidents cause impairments in individuals that we cannot ethically induce but provide an opportunity to study their behavior and the link to the brain damaged region. * The response should include an example of information we have learned in such cases.

2-194. How do people exhibiting aphasias and apraxias differ in their behavior from one another? Give an example. * Aphasias include a loss of the ability to speak or understand written or spoken language; nonfluent aphasia is an inability to produce speech; fluent aphasia is an inability to understand written and spoken language.* Apraxias are the inability to perform previously learned skilled movements; in a dressing apraxia, a person has trouble putting on clothing on one side of the body; in a constructional apraxia, a person cannot copy a simple drawing. * The response should include examples of the appropriate behaviors.Critical Thinking Essay Question

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