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Social Psychology Chapter 13

Social Psychology Chapter 13. Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

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Page 1: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Social Psychology

Chapter 13

Page 2: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Social Psychology

The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Page 3: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Social Psychology

The power of the situation can be harnessed for good, or for evil…

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gdTpU5WZHHM

Page 4: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Social Psychology

Powerful examples of the power of the situation…

Page 5: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Social Psychology

Powerful examples of the power of the situation…

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-fQnltrg6w

Page 6: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Social Psychology

Powerful examples of the power of the situation…

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NyDDyT1lDhA

Page 7: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Social Psychology

Powerful examples of the power of the situation…

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BgRoiTWkBHU

Page 8: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Social Psychology

Powerful examples of the power of the situation…

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZwfNs1pqG0

Page 9: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Social Psychology

Social Thinking

Attributing Behavior to Persons or to Situations

Page 10: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Fundamental attribution error – the tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

Page 11: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Jones and Harris: Subjects served as “debaters” in discussion of U.S. attitudes toward Cuba and Castro.

Page 12: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

In full view of other debaters, subjects were randomly assigned to read aloud debate speeches that were either pro-Castro or anti-Castro

Page 13: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Then these other debaters rated speech readers’ true attitudes toward Castro…

Page 14: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

The Effects of Attribution

Attributions differ: Some people blamed the New Orleans residents for not evacuating before Katrina. Others attributed their inaction to the situation—to their not having transportation.

Page 15: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

The Effects of Attribution

Page 16: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Social Psychology

Social Thinking

Attitudes and Actions

Page 17: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Attitudes Affect Actions

Attitude – feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people and events.

Page 18: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Attitudes Affect Actions

Attitude – feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people and events.

Page 19: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Actions Affect Attitudes

Role-Playing – When we adopt a new role, we strive to follow social prescriptions. In the famous Stanford Prison experiment, a toxic situation triggered degrading behaviors among those assigned to the guard role.

Page 20: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Actions Affect Attitudes

Cognitive Dissonance – the idea that we act to reduce discomfort when our actions conflict with our attitudes (or beliefs).

Page 21: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Page 22: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Social Psychology

Social Influence

Page 23: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Social Psychology

Social Influence

Conformity and Obedience

Credit: Michael E Ray

Page 24: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Group Pressure and Conformity

Conformity – adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.

Page 25: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Group Pressure and Conformity

Which of the three comparison lines is the same length as the standard line?

Page 26: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Group Pressure and Conformity

Conditions that strengthen conformity: (1) The group has at least three people. (2) The group is unanimous. (3) The individual is made to feel incompetent. (4) Culture strongly encourages respect for social standards.

Page 27: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Social Psychology

Social Influence

Why do we conform?

Page 28: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Group Pressure and Conformity

After seeing Slides 1 and 2, participants judge which person in Slide 2 was the same as the person in Slide 1. Difficulty is manipulated by varying the time to view Slide 2 (5 seconds or ½ second)…

Page 29: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Group Pressure and Conformity

And importance is manipulated by telling participants that they will receive $20 if they are the most accurate participant in the experiment (or not telling them this).

Page 30: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Group Pressure and Conformity

Page 31: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Obedience

Page 32: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Page 33: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Page 34: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Obedience

The most fundamental lesson of our study is that ordinary people, simply doing their jobs, and without any particular hostility on their part, can become agents in a terrible destructive proces.

- Stanley Milgram

Page 35: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Social Psychology

Social Influence

Group Influence

Page 36: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Individual Behavior in the Presence of Others

Social facilitation – stronger responses or better performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.

Page 37: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Individual Behavior in the Presence of Others

Deindividuation – the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster anonymity.

Page 38: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Alone

Group

Non-Anonymous Anonymous

Page 39: Social Psychology Chapter 13.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Alone

Group

Non-Anonymous Anonymous

7.5%

20.8%

21.4%

57.2%