Skeletal System

Revise the names of bones Understand the functions of bone List the types of bone Explain the structure of bone

Learning Objectives

From the skeleton diagram, label the bones indicated using the correct terminology

Name the bones

The functions of the skeleton and bone tissue are:1. Support – provide a framework for attachment e.g. muscle to bone2. Protection – protect the internal organs e.g. ribs protect the lungs3. Movement – when muscles contract they pull on bones and produce movement4. Mineral storage – bones they store calcium and phosphorous5. Blood cell production – occurs within the red bone marrow6. Storage of energy – yellow marrow is a stored source of lipids in the bones

Functions of Bone

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxQBXgFus5c&list=PLVmap4eL-2_itkKaX4NkGO9DzKcMCvanR&index=1

Functions of the skeletal system

Short Bones – often cube shaped with the same width and length e.g. wrist, ankle, fingers and toes

Long Bones – are longer than they are wide e.g. femur, phalanges and humerus

Flat Bones – provide flat area for muscle attachment e.g. scapula, ribs, sternum and skull

Irregular Bones – have no regular shape characteristics e.g. vertebra and facial bones

Sesamoid Bones – small bones developed in tendons around some joints e.g. patella (knee)

Types of Bone

Diagram of the Types of Bones

Bones are strong and hard, and come in many shapes.

Bones have a hard outer layer called the compact bone. This outer layer makes up about 80% of the total bone mass of an adult skeleton. This layer gives the bone its white color.

The inside of the bone is called cancellous or spongy bone. Although the cancellous tissue makes up only remaining 20% of the total bone mass, it is light and porous, and makes up most of the bone material. The cancellous tissue also has space for blood vessels and marrow.

Structure of Bone

Bone marrow, in the middle of long bones, produces blood cells in a process called haematopoiesis. New red and white blood cells are produced every day to maintain constant blood levels.

Cartilage- firm, rubbery tissue that cushions bones at joints. A flexible kind of cartilage makes up other parts of the body, such as the larynx and the outside parts of the ears

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1JJeBGSncs&list=PLVmap4eL-2_itkKaX4NkGO9DzKcMCvanR&index=3

Skeleton Bingo!

Bingo