Terra Nova Review

Name the basic parts of speech.

Noun Verb (action and helping) Adjective Adverb Conjunctions (subordinating and coordinating) Articles Preposition Pronoun Interjections

Basic Parts of Speech

Which part of speech do you use to combine two sentences?

Conjunctions Be sure to use a comma before the fanboys when

combining sentences.

Example: The house is blue. I want to buy it.

Combining Sentences

Fragment: incomplete sentence; either the verb or subject is missing; the thought which is expressed is not complete.

Sentence: a complete sentence which has at least a verb and a subject; expresses a complete thought.

Give an example of each.

Fragments and Sentences

What are the types of sentences?

Interrogative Declarative Imperative Exclamatory

Types of Sentences

Oh, I love ice-cream!

When do we have to go home?

It is raining outside.

Go to bed, now!

Which type of sentence is it?

Sentences which do not have proper punctuation the comma is either in the wrong spot or there is no comma at all.

Remember: Independent Clauses cannot be combined using a comma.

Run-On Sentences

What do you look for when you are supposed to proofread and edit?

Run-on sentences Fragments Word choice mistakes Punctuation Spelling Grammar

Proofreading and Editing

What do the following terms mean?

Synonym Antonym Homophone

Vocabulary

How can you figure out the meaning of unknown words?

Use Context Clues Identify root words, prefixes, suffixes Think about word families

Figuring out Unknown Words

Julio and his father had been looking forward to their fishing trip for weeks.

They didn't take much food with them on the trip. When they started fishing

they were quickly approached by a forest ranger. He asked Julio's father if he

had a fishing license. Julio's father reached into his wallet and suddenly got a

terrified look on his face. Julio was disappointed that night as he ate dinner.

1.Why did Julio and his father not take much food with them on the trip?

a. they didn't want to eat too muchb. they didn't have any food at their housec. they were planning on eating the fish that they caughtd. they don't like to eat fish

Drawing Inferences and Conclusions

Julio and his father had been looking forward to their fishing trip for

weeks. They didn't take much food with them on the trip. When they

started fishing they were quickly approached by a forest ranger. He asked

Julio's father if he had a fishing license. Julio's father reached into his

wallet and suddenly got a terrified look on his face. Julio was disappointed

that night as he ate dinner.

2. Which of the following is a conclusion that can be drawn about the story?

a. Julio was disappointed at dinner because he was hoping to have fish for dinner.b. Julio's mother doesn't like fishc. It takes a long time to catch fishd. Julio's father is a better fisherman than Julio

Definitions: a general statement or concept obtained by inference from specific situations.

By drawing inferences, you can come to a conclusion.

Generalizations

Cause and Effect is when one event causes another to

happen.

Cause is WHY something happens, Effect is WHAT

happens.

Cause and Effect – Event and Outcome

Read the following selections, and answer the cause/effect questions.

“I don't want a babysitter. I am eleven years old. My babysitter is only three years older than I am," she loudly yelled to her Mom. Now, she really wished she had somebody with her as she heard the clicking, scratching noises outside of the living room window. "This is silly. It's probably the storm," the girl said. She regretted watching the horror show she had been tuned into for the last half hour. As she searched for the remote to turn off the vampire movie, the front door blew open with a thunderous noise. Carla whirled around to see a dark image.

1. Carla didn't want a babysitter becauseA. She believes she is old enough to take care of herself.B. She wants to watch scary movies.C. Carla's mother leaves her alone all the time.D. Carla's babysitter is only three years older than Carla.

2. What made Carla turn around?A. The dark image that appeared at the door.B. The front door blew open.C. Carla's babysitter appeared at the door.D. Carla couldn't find the remote control.

Definition: the reason why an author writes about a certain topic.

What are the types of author’s purpose?

Inform Entertain Persuade explain

Author’s Purpose

Definition: what the text talks about. Passing fears are common in early childhood. Many 2- to 4-year-olds are afraid of animals, especially dogs. By 6 years, children are more likely to be afraid of the dark. Other common fears are of thunderstorms, doctors, and imaginary creatures.

The topic of this paragraph isA) fear.B) passing fears.C) two-to-four year olds fear of animals.D) common fears

Main Idea

The stated main idea of this paragraph isA) Passing fears are common in early

childhood.B) Many 2- to 4-year olds are afraid of

animals, especially dogs.C) By 6 years, children are more likely

to be afraid of the dark.D) Other common fears are of

thunderstorms, doctors, and imaginary creatures.

Describe the structure of a plot.

Plot Structure

Protagonist Antagonist Major Minor

Explain the types of characters.

Types of Characters

Explain what the conflict in a story is and what types of conflict there are.

Definition: The problem the protagonist faces in the story.

Types of conflict: Internal (emotional) and external (an outside force)

Give an example for both types.

Conflict