{{JapanJapan

Themes of GeographyThemes of GeographyConclusions of HistoryConclusions of History

20% of the land is flat in Japan20% of the land is flat in Japan Most Japanese live on the coastal flat plainsMost Japanese live on the coastal flat plains Homes were never far from the seaHomes were never far from the sea The sea became a source of foodThe sea became a source of food They were an island separated from the rest of They were an island separated from the rest of

AsiaAsia Korea is about 100 miles awayKorea is about 100 miles away China is about 400 Miles awayChina is about 400 Miles away

GeographyGeographyPlace: Physical CharacterizesPlace: Physical CharacterizesLocation: Absolute and RelativeLocation: Absolute and Relative

11stst Japanese Japanese AinuAinu-came from Siberia-came from Siberia Hokkaido became Ainu IslandHokkaido became Ainu Island The Ist “real” Japanese lived south of the The Ist “real” Japanese lived south of the

Ainu on the main islandAinu on the main island They were ruled by clansThey were ruled by clans Some clans were more powerful than Some clans were more powerful than

others like the YAMATO (a really bid others like the YAMATO (a really bid clan)clan)

In 500s AD Yamato rulers extended In 500s AD Yamato rulers extended control over most of Japancontrol over most of Japan

Social StructuresSocial Structures

AniuAniu YamatoYamato

1. Kami Rituals from clans became the…1. Kami Rituals from clans became the… 2. Shinto Religion—(natural spirits)2. Shinto Religion—(natural spirits) 3. Prince Shotoku brought Buddhism3. Prince Shotoku brought Buddhism 4. Later Confucianism (but this is not a 4. Later Confucianism (but this is not a

religion)religion)

ReligionReligion

Kami Kami Shinto Shinto Clan houseClan housePriestsPriests

BuddhismBuddhism

Japanese learned to write in ChineseJapanese learned to write in Chinese Japanese spoke ChineseJapanese spoke Chinese

(This would get confusing)(This would get confusing)

LanguageLanguage

ChineseChineseJapaneseJapanese

11stst clans clans Yanato Clan rulersYanato Clan rulers Emperors and EmpressEmperors and Empress Clans wanted power but so did Emperors Clans wanted power but so did Emperors

and Empressand Empress

GovernmentGovernment

ClansClans EmperorsEmperors

FashionFashion LiteratureLiterature ArchitectureArchitecture Performing ArtsPerforming Arts Visual ArtsVisual Arts

The Golden Age of The Golden Age of JapanJapan

The golden aged formed because many The golden aged formed because many people followed a ruler to Heian and people followed a ruler to Heian and formed a court. A court is a group of formed a court. A court is a group of nobles who live near and serve or advise nobles who live near and serve or advise a rulera ruler

The Golden Age lasted from 794-1185The Golden Age lasted from 794-1185

The Golden AgeThe Golden Age

Robes—Gown—Jewelry—FansRobes—Gown—Jewelry—Fans

Nobel's has magnificent wardrobes full Nobel's has magnificent wardrobes full of silk robes and jewelry. They even of silk robes and jewelry. They even carried delicate decorative fanscarried delicate decorative fans

FashionFashion

Diaries—Journals—Novels wrote PoetryDiaries—Journals—Novels wrote Poetry

Nobel's took great care of how they Nobel's took great care of how they spoke and wrotespoke and wrote

Wiring was very popular among women Wiring was very popular among women who wrote in journals and diaries about who wrote in journals and diaries about their lives at courttheir lives at court

Men wrote in Chinese and Women wrote Men wrote in Chinese and Women wrote in Japanesein Japanese

LiteratureLiterature

Lady Muraski Shikibu around 1000AD Lady Muraski Shikibu around 1000AD wrote the Tale of Genji.wrote the Tale of Genji.

This was the world first full length novelThis was the world first full length novel

It is a story of a Prince named Genji and It is a story of a Prince named Genji and his long quest for love. The novel also his long quest for love. The novel also describes court life in Japandescribes court life in Japan

LiteratureLiterature

Men and women wrote poetryMen and women wrote poetry

There poems were only five lines and There poems were only five lines and most were written about love and naturemost were written about love and nature

LiteratureLiterature

Painting –CalligraphyPainting –Calligraphy

Painters used bright colors and Painters used bright colors and illustrated stories on doors and furnitureillustrated stories on doors and furniture

Calligraphy was used to copy down Calligraphy was used to copy down poems. They wanted the poems to look poems. They wanted the poems to look as beautiful as they sounded.as beautiful as they sounded.

Visual ArtsVisual Arts

Temples—GardensTemples—Gardens

The nobles in the court modeled Heian The nobles in the court modeled Heian after the Chinese capital of Chan’anafter the Chinese capital of Chan’an

Temples had wooden framed for a Temples had wooden framed for a natural feelnatural feel

Made wood tiled roofs and elegant Made wood tiled roofs and elegant gardens and pondsgardens and ponds

ArchitectureArchitecture

Juggling—Acrobats—MusiciansJuggling—Acrobats—Musicians

1300s NOH was a serious drama that 1300s NOH was a serious drama that combined music speaking and dance.combined music speaking and dance.

Performing ArtsPerforming Arts

Pure Land—Zen BuddhismPure Land—Zen Buddhism

Pure Land Buddhism had no special Pure Land Buddhism had no special ritualsrituals

1100s Zen Buddhism arrived from china 1100s Zen Buddhism arrived from china and they believed if you wanted wisdom and they believed if you wanted wisdom to practice self-discipline and meditationto practice self-discipline and meditation

ReligionReligion

1100 Ad Heian was the great center of 1100 Ad Heian was the great center of Japanese art and literatureJapanese art and literature

Outside of Heian, Japan has a life that Outside of Heian, Japan has a life that was much harderwas much harder

Powerful nobles fought each other for Powerful nobles fought each other for landland

Fighting destroyed the land and food Fighting destroyed the land and food supply supply

Japans rulers were too focused on court Japans rulers were too focused on court life to notice anythinglife to notice anything

Japan’s Military Japan’s Military SocietySociety

Most Samurai inherited their position by Most Samurai inherited their position by there fathersthere fathers

They protected Japans large land They protected Japans large land owners-the Daimyoowners-the Daimyo

Samurai Means “to serve”Samurai Means “to serve” Samurai Served there lords and their Samurai Served there lords and their

lords served their emperorslords served their emperors

Rise of SamuraiRise of Samurai

Armies of samurai were so expensive Armies of samurai were so expensive that the lords paid them in land and that the lords paid them in land and food, so the Samurai had peasants farm food, so the Samurai had peasants farm the land to make moneythe land to make money

Rise of SamuraiRise of Samurai

The people outside Hein did not like how The people outside Hein did not like how Japan was being run soJapan was being run so

Two powerful clans went to war with Two powerful clans went to war with each other for 30 yearseach other for 30 years

The Minamoto clan eventually won, but The Minamoto clan eventually won, but the minamoto didn’t want to get rid of the minamoto didn’t want to get rid of the emperor so they kept him as a figure the emperor so they kept him as a figure headhead

Shoguns Rule JapanShoguns Rule Japan

A figurehead is a person who appears to A figurehead is a person who appears to rule even though the real power rests rule even though the real power rests with someone elsewith someone else

The Minamoto were the Samurai and The Minamoto were the Samurai and they took the Shogun position for the they took the Shogun position for the next 700 yearsnext 700 years

Shoguns Rule JapanShoguns Rule Japan

Samurai had many social privilegesSamurai had many social privileges Common people had to respect the Common people had to respect the

samurai or they were to be killedsamurai or they were to be killed The Samurai lived by the Bushido CodeThe Samurai lived by the Bushido Code

Samurai Live Samurai Live HonorablyHonorably

This was a strict code that taught This was a strict code that taught Samurai how to behaveSamurai how to behave

Bushido meant “ The way of the warrior”Bushido meant “ The way of the warrior” Bushido required Samurai to behave and Bushido required Samurai to behave and

be honorable figuresbe honorable figures Zen Buddhism helped the Samurai with Zen Buddhism helped the Samurai with

self disciplineself discipline

Bushido CodeBushido Code

Samurai were expected to commit Samurai were expected to commit suicide if they lost honorsuicide if they lost honor

They could loose honor by disobeying an They could loose honor by disobeying an order or losing a fight or failing to order or losing a fight or failing to protect their lordprotect their lord

Samurais dedication and disciple were Samurais dedication and disciple were greatly admired in Japangreatly admired in Japan

SamuraiSamurai

Foreign InvasionForeign Invasion Internal rebellionInternal rebellion Strong Leaders taking overStrong Leaders taking over IsolationIsolation

Order Breaks downOrder Breaks down

Mongols invaded in 1274 (Kublai Khan)Mongols invaded in 1274 (Kublai Khan) A great storm helped the JapaneseA great storm helped the Japanese 1281 the Mongols invaded again1281 the Mongols invaded again Kamikaze (divine winds) helped them Kamikaze (divine winds) helped them

JapaneseJapanese

Foreign invasionForeign invasion

Emperors who didn’t normally have any Emperors who didn’t normally have any say in the government began to fight say in the government began to fight Shoguns for controlShoguns for control

Daimyo land owners began to fight Daimyo land owners began to fight Shoguns for ControlShoguns for Control

1400s Shoguns lost most authority and 1400s Shoguns lost most authority and Daimyo ruled JapanDaimyo ruled Japan

Internal RebellionInternal Rebellion

Leader Oda Nobunaga gave soldiers Leader Oda Nobunaga gave soldiers guns that were brought form the guns that were brought form the PortuguesePortuguese

Tokugawa Leyasu Emperor made himself Tokugawa Leyasu Emperor made himself Shogun and began trading with other Shogun and began trading with other countriescountries

Strong Leaders take Strong Leaders take overover

1630 the ruling Shogun closed Japan off 1630 the ruling Shogun closed Japan off form the rest of the worldform the rest of the world

Guns were bannedGuns were banned

IsolationismIsolationism

Japan from space

Mount Fuji Mount Fuji

{{

Honshu (In brown)

Downtown Tokyo

Shikoku

Japanese Alps Japanese Alps

Lake BiwaLake Biwa

Lake Biwa Lake Biwa

Semi-Active Japanese Semi-Active Japanese Volcano Volcano

2008 Japan Facts 2008 Japan Facts

Population = 130 million Population = 130 million Life expectancy = Men – 78 years oldLife expectancy = Men – 78 years old Women – 85 years old Women – 85 years old Ethnicities = 99% Japanese, 1% otherEthnicities = 99% Japanese, 1% other Religion = 84% are Shinto or Buddhist, Christian = .7%Religion = 84% are Shinto or Buddhist, Christian = .7% Literacy rate = 99%Literacy rate = 99%

Japan is a very crowded Japan is a very crowded place…place…

Even though it’s nearly the size of California, Even though it’s nearly the size of California, useableuseable land is only about as much as Tulare County. land is only about as much as Tulare County.

TokyoTokyo

Chugoku Chugoku MountainsMountains

HokkaidoHokkaido

Yellow SeaYellow Sea

{{Feudal JapanFeudal Japan

““Land of the Rising Sun” Land of the Rising Sun”

Terms to Know Terms to Know

Shinto = Polytheistic religion in Shinto = Polytheistic religion in Japan; believes all natural things Japan; believes all natural things (wind, mountains, trees) have their (wind, mountains, trees) have their own spirits; humans should live own spirits; humans should live with respect to them. with respect to them.

Clan = group of families related by Clan = group of families related by blood, marriage blood, marriage

Prince Shotoku = Early emperor of Prince Shotoku = Early emperor of Japan; brought constitution, laws Japan; brought constitution, laws and reforms from China and reforms from China

Topic: Japan’s Chinese Topic: Japan’s Chinese InfluenceInfluence

Question: What influence did China have Question: What influence did China have on Japan? Japan…on Japan? Japan… Allowed Buddhism from China and Korea Allowed Buddhism from China and Korea

to spreadto spread Copied, thanks to Shotoku, Chinese-style Copied, thanks to Shotoku, Chinese-style

temples, Chinese and Korean art, temples, Chinese and Korean art, medicine, architecture, philosophy…medicine, architecture, philosophy…

Reforms, art,

medicine,

philosophy, and so

on…

HEY, QUIT COPYING!

What do students often say? “I wasn’t

copying.”

Can it be compared to Europe’s during the Can it be compared to Europe’s during the Middle Ages?Middle Ages?

Oh, that’s right…

Japanese Feudal Pyramid

Shogun _________

Daimyo

Samurai

Peasants

Japanese Feudal Japanese Feudal PyramidPyramid Shogun = military and political Shogun = military and political

leader of Japan; “great general” leader of Japan; “great general” Daimyo = high-ranking samurai Daimyo = high-ranking samurai

lords who provided the shogun with lords who provided the shogun with warriors in exchange for land warriors in exchange for land

Samurai = lower-ranking warriors Samurai = lower-ranking warriors who served their daimyo in who served their daimyo in exchange for small manorsexchange for small manors

Peasants = lowest class; most taxed; Peasants = lowest class; most taxed; worked the land for their lord. worked the land for their lord.

Europe Japan

Compare and ContrastCompare and Contrast

Area: Feudal Europe Feudal Japan

Armor Iron, leather, silk and bamboo held together with leather straps

Chain mail (links,) heavy plates of steel

Battle transport

Most knights on foot, some on horses

Most samurai on foot, some on horses

Weapons Straight sword, mace, ball/chain, bow/arrow, etc

Curved sword mainly; some bamboo guns

Codes of Honor

“Chivalry” (courtesy, protecting serfs, loyalty to lord)

“Bushido” (give life to protect daimyo, set good examples)

Literacy Latin; Clergy were literate, most others were not

Japanese; Shoguns forced most Samurai to learn

When did Feudalism die here?

Died around 1400s. People moved off manors and into growing towns

Died in late 1800s. Shoguns adopted new technologies; Samurais were no longer needed

Compare and Contrast

Rise of the ShogunRise of the Shogun Question: What was Question: What was

Japan like Japan like beforebefore Shoguns? Shoguns? From 800-From 800-

1100AD, mostly 1100AD, mostly peaceful and peaceful and stable, and refinedstable, and refined

Buddhism Buddhism encouraged, (2 encouraged, (2 types) types)

Few other clans Few other clans were allowed to were allowed to share power share power

Emperor most Emperor most powerfulpowerful

Japanese Buddhist Temple

Question: Why did the Shoguns Question: Why did the Shoguns rise? By 1150, there was… rise? By 1150, there was… The leading clan became corruptThe leading clan became corrupt Wars broke out between competing clans.Wars broke out between competing clans. By 1185, after many exhausting wars, one leader, By 1185, after many exhausting wars, one leader,

Yoritomo Minamoto, proved most powerful and Yoritomo Minamoto, proved most powerful and became 1st Shogunbecame 1st Shogun

Emperors became just figureheads Emperors became just figureheads

A cartoon Shogun Yoritomo, 1st Shogun

Shoguns still have influence in Shoguns still have influence in Japanese culture today…Japanese culture today…

Amida Buddha

Pure Land Zen

Term to Know: Term to Know:

Sect = a smaller branch of a bigger Sect = a smaller branch of a bigger religion religion

Example: Example:

Latter day saints = Mormons, but still Christian

Beliefs of Pure Land Buddhism Beliefs of Pure Land Buddhism Sect: Sect:

Happiness in afterlife for allHappiness in afterlife for all Lord Amida is the Buddha, a Buddha of Lord Amida is the Buddha, a Buddha of

love and mercy. Have faith and chant love and mercy. Have faith and chant his name daily his name daily

Most popular among the poor. Why? Most popular among the poor. Why?

Beliefs of Zen Buddhism Sect: Beliefs of Zen Buddhism Sect:

Physical and mental exercise is key Physical and mental exercise is key Physical exercise = martial arts Physical exercise = martial arts Mental exercise = meditation Mental exercise = meditation Meditation = clear the mind of wrong Meditation = clear the mind of wrong

thoughts and desiresthoughts and desires